১.
eGFR is not valid in assessing
স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য) - লং কোর্স
মোট প্রশ্ন৪০
সিলেবাস
টপিক:
Medicine – 7
Nephrology, Acid Base & Electrolyte disorders
স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য) - লং কোর্স
স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য) - লং কোর্স · তারিখ অনির্ধারিত · ৪০ প্রশ্ন
২.
1st symptom usually occur at CKD when GFR below
৩.
Length of each adult kidney is
ব্যাখ্যা
Each kidney is approximately 10–13 cm in length in healthy adults;they are located retroperitoneally on either side of the aorta and inferior vena cava between the 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebrae (Fig. 18.1A). The right kidney is usually a few centimetres lower because the liver lies above it. Both kidneys rise and descend several centimetres with respiration.
৪.
Kidney produces following
৫.
Macula densa is stimulated by
৬.
Renal blood flow is ----- %of CO
৭.
Constriction of afferent arteriole causes no change in
৮.
Angiotension II does not work on
৯.
Passive reabsorption in tubules occur for following
১০.
Which is not true for sodium transport
১১.
Medullary hyper osmolarity is maintained by
১২.
A 60 years old active smoker presented with disorientation. His Na level is 115 mmol/L. What is the cause?
১৩.
Hyperkalemia is caused by
১৪.
Which of the following is not causing Hypokalaemia with hypertension
১৫.
Acid base balance is maintained by -----no of equations
ব্যাখ্যা
2 equations
1.Hendersson Hasslebach equation
2.Anion Gap
1.Hendersson Hasslebach equation
2.Anion Gap
১৬.
Metabolic acidosis is associated with all of the followings except:
১৭.
Which is not a cardinal feature of RTA type 1
ব্যাখ্যা
Type I RTA is characterized by:
•Impaired hydrogen ion secretion in Distal tubule
•Hypokalemia
•Hypocitraturia
•Hypercalciuria
•Nephrocalcinosis
•Renal Stones
•Impaired hydrogen ion secretion in Distal tubule
•Hypokalemia
•Hypocitraturia
•Hypercalciuria
•Nephrocalcinosis
•Renal Stones
১৮.
Cause of Chloride responsive Metabolic alkalosis
ব্যাখ্যা
Saline/ Chloride responsive: Associated with hypovolemia and responds to N/S infusion
•Ingestion of Alkaline Drugs
•GIT Cause
•Diuretic administration
•Ingestion of Alkaline Drugs
•GIT Cause
•Diuretic administration
১৯.
Dipstick positive occurs in
ব্যাখ্যা
Dipstick positive
•Hematuria
•Haemoglobinuria
•Myoglobinuria
•Hematuria
•Haemoglobinuria
•Myoglobinuria
২০.
Gross hematuria occurs in
ব্যাখ্যা
GROSS HEMATURIA
•Trauma
•Tumor
•IgA nephropathy
•Alport syndrome
•Trauma
•Tumor
•IgA nephropathy
•Alport syndrome
২১.
Low complementemia doesn't found in
২২.
Most Common cause of CKd in Bangladesh?
২৩.
In adynamic bone disease following are increased except
২৪.
NS is associated with daily loss of------------protein
ব্যাখ্যা
1.
Massive proteinuria, with the daily loss of 3.5 gm or more of protein (less in children)
2.
Hypoalbuminemia, with plasma albumin levels less than 3 gm/dL
3.
Generalized edema
4.
Hyperlipidemia and lipiduria
Massive proteinuria, with the daily loss of 3.5 gm or more of protein (less in children)
2.
Hypoalbuminemia, with plasma albumin levels less than 3 gm/dL
3.
Generalized edema
4.
Hyperlipidemia and lipiduria
২৫.
Proximal RTA is characterized by
ব্যাখ্যা
Type II (proximal) RTA is characterized by
•Hypokalemia
•Hyperphosphaturia
•Aminoaciduria
•Glycosuria
•Rickets and osteomalacia
•Failure to thrive
•Hypokalemia
•Hyperphosphaturia
•Aminoaciduria
•Glycosuria
•Rickets and osteomalacia
•Failure to thrive
২৬.
Type A lactic acidosis is caused by
ব্যাখ্যা
Type B: Impaired Lactic acid metabolism
•Severe sepsis
•Hepatic & Renal failure
•Drugs- Metformin, Ethanol
•Diabetes mellitus
Type A: Increased production, due to:
Hypotension – Shock, Cardiac failure
Tissue hypoxia:
Mitochondrial dysfunction (CO, Cyanide) Severe anemia
•Severe sepsis
•Hepatic & Renal failure
•Drugs- Metformin, Ethanol
•Diabetes mellitus
Type A: Increased production, due to:
Hypotension – Shock, Cardiac failure
Tissue hypoxia:
Mitochondrial dysfunction (CO, Cyanide) Severe anemia
২৭.
The minor unmeasured cations are
ব্যাখ্যা
The major unmeasured cations are calcium, magnesium, gamma globulins.
২৮.
Renal Acid base balance is maintained by
২৯.
ECG changes in Hypokalemia
ব্যাখ্যা
ECG changes in Hypokalemia
T wave flattening and inversion
·Prominent U wave
·Increased amplitude and width of the P wave
·Prolongation of the PR interval
·ST depression
·Apparent long QT interval
(= long QU interval)
·Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias: AF, atrial flutter, atrial tachycardia
·life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, e.g. VT, VF and Torsades de Pointes
T wave flattening and inversion
·Prominent U wave
·Increased amplitude and width of the P wave
·Prolongation of the PR interval
·ST depression
·Apparent long QT interval
(= long QU interval)
·Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias: AF, atrial flutter, atrial tachycardia
·life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, e.g. VT, VF and Torsades de Pointes
৩০.
The earliest sign of hyperkalaemia is associated with
৩১.
Drug causes Hyperkalemia
ব্যাখ্যা
Hyperkalemia
Drug causes
β-blockers
·Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
·Angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs)
·Spironolactone
·Eplerenone
·Calcineurin inhibitors: Cyclosporin, Tacrolimus
Drug causes
β-blockers
·Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
·Angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs)
·Spironolactone
·Eplerenone
·Calcineurin inhibitors: Cyclosporin, Tacrolimus
৩২.
Main mediator of water balance
৩৩.
In decreased thirst all are decreased except
৩৪.
In ECF following level are lower except
৩৫.
Calculate TBW in a 60 kg adult man
ব্যাখ্যা
Total body water (TBW) is approximately 60% of body weight. (42 L in a 70 Kg man)
৩৬.
Agents not causing contraction of mesangial cells
৩৭.
Large proteins are blocked by
৩৮.
Angiotensin II doesn’t work by
৩৯.
Conditions decrease renin secretion
৪০.
Which is a Na Channel blocker