১৪০ দিনে ৫১তম বিসিএস প্রস্তুতি

Some words are used sometimes as adjectives, sometimes as adverbs.
Adjective: He is no better than a fool.
Adverb: He Knows me better than you.
Adjective: There is much truth in what he says.
Adverb: The patient is much better.
Adjective: This is a hard sum.
Adverb: He works hard all day.

Source: High School English Grammar & Composition by Wren & Martin.

Each, either, neither are distributive pronouns calling attention to the individuals forming a collection and must accordingly be followed by verbs in the singular.
- Each of the scholars has done well.
- Neither of them was invited to the party.
Whether is conjunction.
Example: He asked whether either of the brothers was at home.

Source: High School English Grammar & Composition by Wren & Martin.

Uncountable nouns are nouns that cannot be counted for e.g-. air, rice, water, etc.
The underlined word in the sentence is an uncountable noun as we cannot count water.
We can only measure it in liters.
Hence, option 2 is the most appropriate choice.

Some adverbs are used as nouns after prepositions:
- The rain comes from above.
- He lives far from here ( = this place).
- He comes from there ( = that place).
- I have heard that before now (= this time).

Source: High School English Grammar & Composition by Wren & Martin.

- In the given sentence, the subject is 'information' which is an uncountable noun.
- Although an uncountable noun has a plural meaning, most uncountable nouns (like information, administration, management, advice, accommodation) are singular with no plural form.
- Uncountable nouns are always followed by the singular verb.
- This is in accordance with the Subject-Verb Agreement rule.
- Therefore, the suitable verb that fits in the given context is 'is'.
Correct Sentence: Plenty of information about the flora and fauna of Bangladesh is available in this book.

'Adverse' is an adjective. It means unfavourable or harmful.
The corresponding noun form is 'adversity'.

- Bunch: It is the collective noun used with plural nouns such as 'keys', 'grapes' etc.
- Flock: It is the collective noun used with plural nouns such as 'sheep', 'birds' etc.
- Fleet: It is the collective noun used with plural nouns such as 'ships', 'cars'. etc.
- Pride: It is the collective noun used with the plural noun 'lions'.

Certain ( Pronoun):
Meaning: some
Ex: Certain of the candidates were well below the usual standard, but others were very good indeed.
Certain (adjective):
Meaning: having no doubt or knowing exactly that something is true, or known to be true, correct, exact, or effective:
Ex: I feel certain (that) you're doing the right thing.
Source: Cambridge Dictionary

Adjective is a word naming an attribute of a noun, such as sweet, red, or technical.
The given word is describing the noun 'streams'.
Therefore, the word 'perennial' is an 'adjective'.

then (noun)
Meaning: that time
Example: 
- Since then, I've been more careful.
- He advised me to wait until then.
- They'll announce their decision next week. Until then, she'll just have to hope for the best.
- We should get there before then.
- They were friends from then on.
- Nothing like that had ever happened up to then.

then (adverb)
Meaning: soon after that : next in order of time.
Example: walked to the door, then turned.

Source: merriam-webster dictionary

Incredibly: Surprisingly and in a very unlikely way.
Ex: incredibly, she survived the crash.
As per the sentence, The bus goes at some high speed which is quite surprising.
So, the best adverb to be used here is 'incredibly'.
Hence, option 2 is the best answer.
The correct sentence is: This bus goes incredibly fast.

Such (Adjective)
 She has published her first sci-fi novel and hopes to write more such novels.
 No such agreement was made.
 The magazine publishes articles about such varied subjects as astronomy, politics, and gardening.
 I've never heard of such a thing!
Such (Pronoun)
 It is a serious problem and should be treated as such.
 If such is the decision, nothing further should be done.
Such (Adverb)
 I have never seen such a large cat!
 I had such a bad headache that I couldn't think straight.

Source: Merriam-webster Dictionary

A bunch of fish together is called 'A school of fish'.
This is an example of a collective noun, which is the name of a number (or collection) of people, animals, or things taken together and spoken of as one whole.
A group of Tigers - An ambush of tigers
A group of Boys - A blush of boys
A group of cubs - A pack.

In the given sentence, an adjective should be used in the blank to describe the noun 'buildings'.
- The first option 'Vacant' means "(of a place) not occupied; empty" is an adjective that is correct.
- The second option 'Vacancy' is a noun that is incorrect.
- The third option 'Vacantness' is a noun that does not have any meaning or existence.
- The fourth - option 'Vacantly' is an adverb that is incorrect.
- Hence, the option 'Vacant' is the correct answer.
Correct sentence: There were old, decrepit buildings lying vacant in the centre of the city.

- Fiercely is an adverb that means in a powerful and destructive manner.
- Loudly is an adverb that means in a strong or emphatic manner.
- Mightily is an adverb that means to a great or impressive extent; enormously.
- Desperately is an adverb that means used to emphasize the extreme degree of something.
- Hence, from the context of the sentence, the correct answer is 'Desperately'.
- Complete Sentence: He was found fighting desperately for his life.

- Indigenous: originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native
- Industrial: relating to or characterized by industry
- Industrialized: (of a country or region) having widely developed industries
- ​Industrious: diligent and hard-working
- The word 'succeed' used in the sentence indicates that one has to do hard work to achieve something that one desires.
- Hence in the given blank part of the sentence, the correct choice will be the 4th option i.e. industrious.
- ​Correct Sentence: A man who is industrious is sure to succeed.

A Kindle of Kittens:
The collective noun for a group of kittens is known as a kindle.
It relates to the verb to kindle which means ‘to give birth to young’.

'While' can function as various parts of speech (noun, conjunction, adverb, etc.).
The nature of the word can be found out through its position in the sentence.
- Option D:The given sentence ends with the word 'while'.
 A preposition usually precedes a noun and connects it with the rest of the sentence. Since this sentence ends with 'while', the word cannot be a preposition.
Hence D is not the right option.
- Option B: Similarly, adjectives also come before nouns that they modify. Since this word comes last, and also it does not modify any other word, option B is wrong.
- Option C: Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives and other adverbs. The word 'while' does not modify any of these parts of speech. Hence C is incorrect.
- Option A: 'While' refers to a 'period of time' in the given sentence. It functions as a noun as it names a 'period of time'. Nouns name things, here it names a certain amount of time.
Hence option A is correct.

- The given word 'summon' is used in this form only as a verb.
- When it is used as a noun, the singular form is 'Summons' and the plural form is 'Summonses'.
- For example:
He received two summons from the district court. (Incorrect)
​He received two summonses from the district court. (Correct)
- 'Abide by' means to follow a rule, decision, or instruction.
- 'Abide' is always followed by the preposition 'by'.
- Of all the given options, only the 3rd option follows the desired structure.
- Correct Sentence: "He was served a summons for not abiding by the traffic rules and regulations."

- several- more than two but not many.
- little- small in size, amount, or degree.
- much - a large amount.
- 'little' is used when there is an almost negligible amount whereas 'a little' is used when there is some amount but not too much.
- The adjectives used in the last three options are used with uncountable nouns.
- For example, ​I don't have much energy left now.
- Since the given noun 'people' is a plural countable one, the adjective 'several' will be the most appropriate choice.
Correct Sentence: Several people have come to watch the final cricket match between Bangladesh and Pakistan.

The noun 'status' means position or rank in relation to others.
The noun 'chair' means the person in charge of a meeting or of an organization.
The noun 'position' means employment for which one has been hired; a job.
The noun 'rank' means a position within the hierarchy of an organization or society.
 
Complete Sentence: Being dissatisfied with his job, he resigned from his position.

In the given question 'enough' is used as 'an adverb'.
The adverb 'enough' is used to modify an adjective.
In this case it goes after the adjective it modifies.
For example:
- She is old enough to earn a living.
- He was kind enough to lend me a few dollars.
According to the above rule and example 'intelligent' in the given question is an adjective that will be modified by an adverb 'enough'.
Thus, option 4 will be the correct answer.

If all the three persons or two appear in a single sentence, the order will be: 2nd-3rd-1st. 
For example:​​You, he and I will go on a trip this weekend.
Only two options follow the desired structure: 2nd and 3rd.
But out of the two options, 2nd option the correct one as the auxiliary verb should be plural as the subject i.e 'You, he and I' is plural.
Correct Sentence: "You, he and I have registered ourselves on an employment portal."

- Inappropriate: Not suitable for a particular occasion etc
- Spontaneous: Happening or arising without apparent external cause
- Accurate: Conforming exactly or almost exactly to fact or to a standard or performing with total accuracy
- Correct: Socially appropriate or approved
- Know any/no better used to say that someone does something bad or stupid,
- So the adjective to be used here should convey a negative sense.
- Therefore, Inappropriate is the best option among all.

- Stick' is a noun that means 'a thin piece of wood or other material'.
Example: 'She had a wooden stick at her home.'
- 'Stick' is also a verb, which means 'push into/paste'
Example: 'He stuck the needle into his fingers'.
- Option 2: 'Sticky' is the adjective form of 'stick'.
For example, 'The floor is still sticky'.
- Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

- Here in the sentence, we need an adverb of manner to qualify the adjective 'more'.
- Adverbs of manner tell us how something happens.
- They are usually placed either after the main verb or after the object.
- The sentence indicates the sense of an increase in speed of nurses after wearing sneakers.
- Hence, quickly is the most appropriate choice among all. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

but (adverb)
Meaning: nothing more than
Example:
- She is but a child and too young to understand such things.
- They have but two weeks to get ready.
Synonyms for but:  just, merely, only, purely, simply.

But (Preposition)
Meaning: with the exception of, other than, apart from, aside from, bar, barring, beside, besides, except.
Example:
 - There was no one there but him.
 - I didn't tell anyone but my sister.
 - Who but you would think that?

Source: Merriam-webster Dictionary

An adjective is a word that customizes and intensifies a noun or a pronoun.
In the given sentence, the noun 'paper' is described by the adjective 'daily'.
'Daily' is a descriptive adjective.
Hence, the correct option is "adjective".

- Adjective serves as a modifier of a noun to denote a quality of the thing named, to indicate its quantity or extent, or to specify a thing as distinct from something else.
- Great: of an extent, amount, or intensity considerably above the normal or average.
- Example: The article was of great interest.
- Therefore, it is clear that great is the most appropriate answer.
- Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.
- The correct sentence is: These books are a great improvement on what has gone before.

We use indefinite pronouns to refer to people or things without saying exactly who or what they are.
Example: One must be sure of one’s facts before criticizing other people.
One is an indefinite pronoun.

Here in the sentence, we need an adverb of time to qualify the adjective 'quite'.
- Frequency(noun): The number of occurrences within a given time period
- Innocently(adv): In a not unlawful manner
- Regularly(adv): In a regular manner
- Sincerely(adv): With sincerity; without pretence.
- The visit to the parents is in a regular manner.
- Hence, Regularly is the most appropriate choice among all.

- 'Compel' is a verb. It means to force or oblige (someone) to do something.
- The corresponding noun form is 'compulsion'.
- It means the action or state of forcing or being forced to do something; constraint.
- It is an abstract noun.

Sometime means “at some point.”
As an adjective, sometime also means “former.”
Some time means “a period of time”—usually a long period of time.
Sometimes means “occasionally.”

When you use sometime as an adverb, it refers to an unspecified point in time.
It doesn’t refer to a span of time — that’s what some time is for.
Here’s an example of sometime used in a sentence.
- I’ll get around to finishing that book sometime .
In the sentence above, we’re not talking about how long it will take to finish the book (span of time);
we’re talking about when the book will be finished (point in time).
You can usually replace sometime with someday or at some point when it’s used this way.

Here in the sentence, we need an adjective to qualify the noun member of the team.
Now let's understand the meaning of the options:
- Compassionate(adj): With sincerity; without pretense
- Callous(adj): Emotionally hardened
- Committed(adj): Bound or obligated, as under a pledge to a particular cause, action, or attitude
- Insincere(adj): Lacking sincerity We need a positive attitude member of the team who is willing to give his time and energy to anything he undertakes to do.
After understanding the meaning of the sentence and the options we can say that committed is the most appropriate choice for the given blank.
Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.
The correct sentence is: He is a committed member of the team. He is willing to give his time and energy to anything he undertakes to do.

Either (Pronoun)
Meaning: the one or the other
- I haven't written to either of my parents.
- take either of the two routes.

Either (Adjective)
- Meaning: being the one and the other of two.
Example: 
- French and English are closer to each other than either language is to Chinese.
- You may take either road.
-  You may choose either answer.
-  Either way is all right with me.
- flowers blooming on either side of the walk

Either (Adverb)
Meaning: LIKEWISE, MOREOVER —used for emphasis after a negative
- not smart or handsome either.
- you won't convince them, and, in fact, I don't agree either!

Source: Merriam-webster Dictionary

- previously - at a previous or earlier time; before.
- casually - in a relaxed and informal way.
- formerly - in the past; in earlier times.
- formally - in accordance with convention or etiquette.
- The word 'agreement' in the latter part of the given sentence suggests that the two sides met officially, the adverb 'formallly' will be the most appropriate choice.
- Correct Sentence: They planned to meet formally before the agreement was made.

Fraternal (Adjective)
Meaning: of or like a brother or brothers.
Example: His lack of fraternal feeling shocked me.
Source: Oxford Dictionary 

যে সকল noun কে গণনা করা যায় না (পদার্থ, দোষ, গুণ, কাজ ইত্যাদির নাম) তাদেরকে Uncountable noun বলে।
যেমন- Money, Bread, Equipment, Furniture, Fun, Information, Luggage, Homework, Scenery, Food, Rice ইত্যাদি Uncountable noun.

- The adverb 'still' means up to and including the present or the time mentioned; even now or then as formerly.
- The adverb 'therefore' means for that reason; consequently.
- The conjunction 'because' means for the reason that; since.
- The conjunction 'although' means in spite of the fact that; even though.
- Hence, the complete sentence is: There is heavy fog at the Dhaka airport. The plane, therefore, has been diverted.​

'Willingly' is an adverb. The word 'willingly' shows that you are happy or pleased to do something.
E.g. People would willingly pay more for better services.
The given sentence implies that someone accepted the new task happily.
Hence, 'willingly' fits in the context.
According to the explanation and example that are given above, 'willingly' is the correct choice for the blank.
Complete Sentence - I accepted the new task willingly.

Down (Adjective):
Synonym: complete, completed, concluded, done, ended, finished, over, over with, terminated, through, up.
- The window shades were down.
- The candy is down on the bottom shelf.
- These changes should help keep prices down.
- Stocks are down again today.

Down (Adverb):
Synonym: below, downward (or downwards), over
-  The land slopes down to the sea.
- She called down to her friends in the street below.
- They set the cake down on the table.
- Lay down your book for a minute.
- We watched the sun go down.
- He knocked him down with one punch.

Source: Merriam-webster Dictionary

- The pronoun 'one' is already mentioned, and unless it is not possible to use the same pronoun it should be used in the sentence in order to avoid confusion. 
- The blank also implies possession, the 'car' that belongs to 'one'. 
- Thus the contraction 'one's' needs to be used - instead of 'one' - in order to imply possession.

- Here in the sentence, we need an adverb to qualify the verb 'brought'.
- Lethargically: without energy; in a lethargic manner
- Bluntly: In a blunt direct manner
- Instantly: Without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening
- Lazily: In a slow and lazy manner
- After seeing the photograph, old memories are brought back without any delay.
- Hence, instantly is the most appropriate choice among all.