পরীক্ষা আর্কাইভ

শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (NTRCA) প্রস্তুতি [১৯তম]

পরীক্ষাশিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (NTRCA) প্রস্তুতি [১৯তম]তারিখতারিখ অনির্ধারিতসময়10 minutes
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পরীক্ষা - ৪১: বিষয়: English Part - 1 Topics: Transformation of sentences (Voice/ interchange of Assertive, Imperative, Interrogative, Exclamatory/ Affirmative - Negative, Simple, complex, compound & Degree) Part - 2 Words (Spelling, Meaning, Synonyms, Antonyms) and Idioms & Phrases [Words strat with Q, R, S & T]
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শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (NTRCA) প্রস্তুতি [১৯তম]

শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (NTRCA) প্রস্তুতি [১৯তম] · তারিখ অনির্ধারিত · ১৮ প্রশ্ন

.
Choose the correct spelling.
  1. Subconsious
  2. Subconscious
  3. Subconstious
  4. Subconsceious
ব্যাখ্যা
• Subconscious:
English meaning: the part of your mind that notices and remembers information when you are not actively trying to do so, and influences your behaviour even though you do not realize it.
Bangla meaning: যেসব মানসিক ক্রিয়াকলাপ সম্বন্ধে মানুষ (পুরাপুরি) সচেতন থাকে না, তার সম্বন্ধীয়; অবচেতন: the subconscious self, অবচেতন প্রকৃতি।

Example:
- The memory was buried deep within my subconscious.
- Our subconscious mind registers things which our conscious mind is not aware of.

Source: Cambridge Dictionary.
.
'Quest' means -
  1. Contempt
  2. Phlegm
  3. Search
  4. Revile
ব্যাখ্যা
• Quest:
English meaning: a long search for something that is difficult to find, or an attempt to achieve something difficult.
Bangla meaning: সন্ধান; পশ্চাদ্ধাবন; অনুসন্ধান: the quest for knowledge.

Example: 
- Nothing will stop them in their quest for truth.
- She went to India on a spiritual quest.

Options,
- Phlegm (রুক্ষ্মতা),
- Revile (শাপ দেওয়া; গালাগাল করা),
- Contempt (অভদ্রতা)।

Source: Cambridge Dictionary & Live MCQ Lecture.
.
Synonym of 'Relegate' -
  1. Jumble
  2. Expel
  3. Preclude
  4. Esoteric
ব্যাখ্যা
• Relegate (verb-transitive)
English Meaning: To put something or someone into a lower or less important rank or position.
Bangla Meaning: নিম্ন পদ বা অবস্থায় অপসারিত করা; পর্যবসিত করা।

Synonyms: Downgrade (নিচে নামানো; তুচ্ছ করা), Lower (অপদস্থ করা), Degrade (পদ বা মর্যাদাহানি করা), Expel (বহিষ্কার করা), Evict (উচ্ছেদ)।
Antonyms: Upgrade (উচ্চতর স্তরে উন্নীত করা), Promote (পদোন্নতি দান করা; সংবর্ধিত করা), Take in (গ্রহন), Disarrange (বিশৃংখলা), Jumble (মিশ্রিত করা)।

Options,
- Esoteric (কেবল দীক্ষিত ব্যক্তিরা বুঝতে পারে এমন দুর্বোধ্য),
- Preclude (বর্জন করা)।

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.
.
Synonym of 'Salubrious' -
  1. Beneficial
  2. Incense
  3. Encumber
  4. Vidicate
ব্যাখ্যা
• Salubrious (adjective)
English Meaning: A salubrious place is pleasant, clean, and healthy to live in.
Bangla Meaning: (বিশেষত জলবায়ু) স্বাস্থ্যকর; স্বাস্থ্যপ্রদ।

Synonyms: Healthful (স্বাস্থ্যকর), Beneficial (মঙ্গলজনক), Wholesome (সজীব; স্বাস্থ্যবান; স্বাস্থ্যকর), Tonic, (শক্তিদায়ক) Restorative, (বলবর্ধক)।
Antonyms: Unhealthy (স্বাস্থ্যহানিকর), Unpleasant (অপ্রীতিকর), Toxic (বিষাক্ত), Harmful, (ক্ষতিকারক) Unhygienic (অস্বাস্থ্যকর)। 

Example Sentence: 
1. He doesn't live in a very salubrious part of town.
2. Fresh air and exercise are always salubrious to lead a happy life. 

Options,
- Incense (ক্রুদ্ধ/কোপান্বিত/প্রকোপিত করা),
- Encumber (পথরোধ করা),
- Vidicate (নির্দোষ প্রমাণ করা)।

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.
.
What a delightful surprise! (Assertive Sentence)
  1. It is very delightful surprise.
  2. It is a very delightful surprise.
  3. It is delightful surprise.
  4. The surprise is delightful.
ব্যাখ্যা
• What an incredible story! - এটি একটি Exclamatory Sentence. 

• Exclamatory Sentence কে Assertive Sentence - এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম: 
Subject + verb + a/an + very/great + adjective + বাকী অংশ। 

Exclamatory Sentence: What an excellent idea!
Assertive Sentence: It is a very excellent idea.

Exclamatory Sentence: What a remarkable achievement! 
Assertive Sentence: It is a very remarkable achievement.

Exclamatory Sentence: What a delightful surprise!
Assertive Sentence: It is a very delightful surprise.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
.
Roman suggested giving up smoking. (passive)
  1. Roman decided that he would give up smoking.
  2. Roman suggested to give up smoking.
  3. Roman suggested that smoking should be given up.
  4. Smoking would be given up by Roman.
ব্যাখ্যা
• advice/ insist/ propose/ recommend/ suggest + gerund + object যুক্ত active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম: 
- প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- that বসে, 
- gerund এর পরের object টি বসে, 
- should be বসে, 
- প্রদত্ত gerund টি verb এ রূপান্তরিত হয়ে তার past participle হয়।

Active: Roman suggested giving up smoking. 
Passive: Roman suggested that smoking should be given up.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.
.
Though she has many friends, she often feels lonely. (simple)
  1. In spite her having many friends, she often feels lonely.
  2. Despite of her having many friends, she often feels lonely.
  3. In spite of her having many friends, she often feels lonely.
  4. Even if having many friends, she often feels lonely.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complex to simple:
যদি Though/Although clause এ has/have/had থাকে সেক্ষেত্রে নিচের নিয়মটি ব্যবহার করে simple এ পরিণত করতে হবে:

- Though/Although এর পরিবর্তে Despite/In spite of বসে।
-  subject এর possessive form বসে।
- has/have/had এর স্থানে having অথবা verb+ ing ব্যবহার হবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসে। 
- ২য় clause.

Complex: Though the man has much riches, he wants more.
Simple: In spite of his having much riches, he wants more.

Complex: Though she has many friends, she often feels lonely.
Simple: In spite of her having many friends, she often feels lonely.
.
Having learned the rules, she joined the game. (Compound)
  1. She had learned the rules and join the game.
  2. She had learned the rules and joined the game.
  3. She had learned the rules and to joined the game.
  4. She had learned the rules so joined the game.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Perfect Participle যুক্ত Simple Sentence কে Compound Sentence এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Subject বসে,
- Perfect Participle এর past Perfect form বসে,
- and বসে,
- বাকী অংশ বসে।

Simple: Having forgotten him, I went out.
Compound: I had forgotten him and went out.

Simple Sentence: Having prepared the meal, she set the table.
Compound Sentence: She had prepared the meal and set the table.

Simple: Having learned the rules, she joined the game.
Compound: She had learned the rules and joined the game.

- প্রথমে Subject বসেছে।
- এ বাক্যে Perfect Participle হচ্ছে - Having learned.
- যার past Perfect form হচ্ছে - had learned.
- এরপর গঠন অনুযায়ী বাক্যের বাকী অংশ বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.
.
The host will be welcoming the guests. (passive)
  1. The guests will be welcomed by the host.
  2. The guests will be being welcomed by the host.
  3. The guests be being welcomed by the host.
  4. The guests will being welcomed by the host.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Future continuous Tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম -
- object টি subject রূপে বসে। 
- shall be being/ will be being বসে। 
- মুল verb এর past participle form বসে। 
- এরপর by বসে। 
- সবশেষে subject এর objective form বসে।

Active: The mentor will be advising us.
Passive: We shall be being advised by the mentor.

Active: The host will be welcoming the guests.
Passive: The guests will be being welcomed by the host.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.
১০.
The board agreed to approve the proposal. (Passive)
  1. The board agreed to the proposal should be approved.
  2. The board agreed that the proposal to be approved.
  3. The board agreed that the proposal should be approved.
  4. The board agreed that the proposal is to approved.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:

- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- that বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের Object (direct object) বসবে।
- should be বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle বসবে।

Active: Proma decided to sell the house.
Passive: Proma decided that the house should be sold.

Active: The board agreed to approve the proposal.
Passive: The board agreed that the proposal should be approved.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.
১১.
Leonardo da Vinci is one of the most brilliant artists. (Positive)
  1. Very few artist are as brilliant as Leonardo da Vinci.
  2. No other artists are as brilliant as Leonardo da Vinci.
  3. No other artist are as brilliant as Leonardo da Vinci.
  4. Very few artists are as brilliant as Leonardo da Vinci.
ব্যাখ্যা
• One of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Positive Degree করার নিয়ম:
- Very few বসে।
- Superlative Adjective এর পর থেকে বাকি অংশ বসে।
- Verb এর Plural form বসবে।
- As/So + Superlative Adjective positive form + As
- প্রদত্ত Sentence এর Subject বসে।

Superlative: Iron is one of the most useful metals.
Positive: Very few metals are as useful as iron.

Superlative Degree Sentence: Shakespeare is one of the greatest writers.
Positive Degree Sentence: Very few writers are as great as Shakespeare.

Superlative: Leonardo da Vinci is one of the most brilliant artists.
Positive: Very few artists are as brilliant as Leonardo da Vinci.
১২.
As soon as the train arrived, the passengers boarded. (Negative)
  1. No sooner had the train arrived then the passengers boarded.
  2. Hardly had the train arrived than the passengers boarded.
  3. Hardly had the train arrived then the passengers boarded.
  4. No sooner had the train arrived than the passengers boarded.
ব্যাখ্যা
Affirmative: As soon as the train arrived, the passengers boarded.
Negative: No sooner had the train arrived than the passengers boarded.

• As soon as যুক্ত sentence কে Negative করতে হলে:
• Structure:
- As soon as এর জায়গায় no sooner had বসবে,
- প্রদত্ত Sentence এর কর্তা বসে ,
- সে Sentence এর মূল verb এর past participle form বসে,
-  sentence এর বাকী অংশ বসে + than + দ্বিতীয় বাক্য অপরিবর্তিত ভাবে বসে।

• Example:
• Affirmative: As soon as he saw the tiger, he ran away.
• Negative: No sooner had he seen the Tiger than he ran away.
১৩.
The sunset is very colorful. (Exclamatory)
  1. What a colorful the sunset is!
  2. What colorful the sunset is!
  3. How colorful the sunset is!
  4. What a colorful sunset is!
ব্যাখ্যা
• Assertive to Exclamatory করার structure:
- প্রথমে What/How বসে + Adjective বসে
- এরপর Subject + Verb + বাকি অংশ + Exclamation mark.

• বি: দ্র: Adjective এর পূর্বে  a/an থাকলে Exclamatory করার সময় What বসবে এবং এরপর a/an হবে। আর যদি Adjective এর পূর্বে a/an না থাকে তবে How দিয়ে Exclamatory করতে হবে।

Assertive Sentence: The Padma is a big river.
Exclamatory Sentence: What a big river the Padma is!

Assertive Sentence: The garden is very beautiful.
Exclamatory Sentence: How beautiful the garden is!

Assertive: The sunset is very colorful.
Exclamatory: How colorful the sunset is!
১৪.
In 2015, she graduated from college. (Complex)
  1. It was in the year 2015 since she graduated from college.
  2. When it was in 2015, she graduated from college.
  3. When it was 2015, she graduated from college.
  4. When it was in 2015, so she graduated from college.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Simple Sentence এ ‘In/At the the time of/on/at/ at the very moment’ থাকলে Complex Sentence এ When বসে।
- When দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হলে উভয় Clause কে আলাদা করার জন্য কেবল Comma বসে।

Simple: In 2020, they moved to a new city.
Complex: When it was 2020, they moved to a new city.

Simple: In 2015, she graduated from college.
Complex: When it was 2015, she graduated from college.

• Complex sentence: 
- যে sentence এ একটি Principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে। 
- Complex sentence এর subordinate clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।
১৫.
Let them clean the room. (Passive)
  1. Let the room being cleaned by them.
  2. Let the room be cleaned by them.
  3. Let the room to be cleaned by them.
  4. Let the room cleaned by them.
ব্যাখ্যা
Active: Let them clean the room.
Passive: Let the room be cleaned by them.

• Let যুক্ত Imperative sentence এর Active voice কে passive voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসে।
- Object টির subject রূপে বসে।
- be বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টির Object রূপে বসে।

• Structure: Let + Object টির subject বসে + be বসে + মূল verb এর past participle form বসে + by + subject টির Object রূপে বসে।

Active: Let him finish the task.
Passive: Let the task be finished by him.
১৬.
'Quixotic' means -
  1. Vigour
  2. Fanciful
  3. Liberal
  4. Rhetoric
ব্যাখ্যা
• Quixotic:
English meaning: having or showing ideas that are different and unusual but not practical or likely to succeed.
Bangla meaning: উচ্চ অথচ অলীক আদর্শের অনুগামী; খামখেয়ালি; আপন স্বার্থ সম্পর্কে অসচেতন; পরোপকারী।

Example: 
- This is a vast, exciting and some say quixotic project.
- Many think these attempts to make lawyers behave are quixotic.

Options,
- Rhetoric: অলংকারবহুল, বাগাড়ম্বরপূর্ণ। 
- Vigour: তেজ; বলবত্তা। 
- Liberal: উদার। 
- Fanciful: (ব্যক্তি) অলীক কল্পনাসম্পন্ন; খেয়ালি; কল্পনাপ্রবণ। 

অপশন বিবেচনা করে দেখা যায়, 'Quixotic' means - Fanciful.

Source: Cambridge & Accessible Dictionary, Live MCQ Lecture.
১৭.
Choose the antonym of 'Reprobate'.
  1. Angel
  2. Rogue
  3. Pliable
  4. Grouchy
ব্যাখ্যা
• Reprobate (noun)
English Meaning: A person of bad character and habits.
Bangla Meaning: অনুমোদন লাভে ব্যর্থ ব্যক্তি; নৈতিক চরিত্রের কারণে অশ্রদ্ধেয় ব্যক্তি।

Synonyms: Rascal (অসৎ ব্যক্তি; দুর্বৃত্ত), Scoundrel (বদমাশ; দুর্বৃত্ত), Sinner (পাপী; পাপিষ্ঠ), Rogue (দূর্বৃত্ত), Villain (ভিলেন)।
Antonyms: Angel (দেবদূত), Innocent (নিরপরাধ; নির্দোষ), Saint (নিঃস্বার্থ বা ধৈর্যশীল ব্যক্তি; ঋষি), Guiltless (নিরপরাধ), Virtuous (গুণী)। 

Example Sentence: 
- Every time I see you, you're drunk, you old reprobate!

Options,
- Pliable (সহজে বাঁকানো, প্যাঁচানো বা আকার দেওয়া যায় এমন),
- Grouchy (খিটখিটে)।

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.
১৮.
Choose the antonym of 'Solicitous'.
  1. Concerned
  2. Inconsiderate
  3. Converge
  4. Embankment
ব্যাখ্যা
• Solicitous (adjective)
English Meaning: Showing care and helpful attention to someone.
Bangla Meaning: (for/about/something/somebody); solicitous (to do something) (কারো কল্যাণ ইত্যাদির ব্যাপারে) উৎকণ্ঠিত, ব্যাকুল বা (কাউকে সাহায্য বা সেবা করার জন্য) ব্যগ্র/উদগ্রীব; solicitous to please.

Synonyms: Concerned (দুশ্চিন্তাগ্রন্থ), Anxious (উদ্বিগ্ন; চিন্তিত), Worried (উদ্বিগ্ন; পীড়িত; দুশ্চিন্তিত), Attentive (মনোযোগী), Nervous (বিচলিত)।
Antonyms: Heedless (অমনোযোগী; অসাবধান), Inconsiderate (অবিবেচক), Thoughtless (চিন্তাশূন্য), Uncaring (অবিবেচক), Reckless(বেপরোয়া)।  

Example Sentence: 
1. He is always solicitous for his comfort.
2. She is solicitous about her health.

Options,
- Converge (সমকেন্দ্রাভিমুখী বা সমকেন্দ্রী হওয়া), 
- Embankment (বেড়িবাঁধ)।

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.