English Literature

- প্রশ্নোল্লিখিত চারটি উপন্যাসের মধ্যে তিনটিই Thomas Hardy এর লেখা।
- তবে Under the Greenwood Forest নামে কোন উপন্যাস তিনি লিখেননি।
- তার রচিত উপন্যাসটির নাম: Under the Greenwood Tree.

Thomas Hardy was an English novelist and poet.
• His famous writings:
- The Return of the Native,
- The Mayor of Casterbridge,
- Tess of the d'Urbervilles,
- Far From the Madding Crowd,
- The Poor Man and The Lady,
- The Trumpet Major,
- Jude the Obscure,
- A Pair of Blue Eyes,
- Under the Greenwood Tree.

Source: An ABC of English Literature, Dr M Mofizar Rahman and Encyclopedia of Britannica.

প্রশ্লোল্লিখিত চারটি চরিত্রের মধ্যে তিনটিই Charles Dickens এর সৃষ্ট। এগুলো হল: 

1. Oliver = From the novel, Oliver Twist.
2, Pip= From the novel, Great Expectation
3. Copperfield= From the novel, David Copperfield

On the Other hand, 

Becky Sharp  is a character created by William Makepeace Thackeray in his novel, ''Vanity Fair.''

Dover Beach:
- It is a lyric poem by the English poet Matthew Arnold.
- It was first published in 1867 in the collection New Poems.

Mathew Arnold (1822-88):
- He was a poet and a critic. Mostly known for his strong moral voice. He was a professor of poetry at Oxford University.

Best works:
- Dover Beach: (Poem)
- The Scholar Gypsy
- Essays in Criticism
- Culture and anarchy
- Rugby Chapel. (Elegy, written in memoriam of his father)
- Sohrab and Rustum (Inspired by and retold from the epic Shahnama, written By Ferdousi)

Source: Britannica.com

Cardinal Newman:(1801-1890) 
- Influential churchman and man of letters of the 19th century.
- He led the Oxford movement in the Church of England and later became a cardinal deacon in the Roman Catholic Church.

The Idea of a University:
- It was a combination of his lectures on the idea of a university. (1852)

Source: Britannica.com

প্রশ্নোল্লিখিত পংক্তিটি কবি টেনিসনের বিখ্যাত কবিতা The Charge of the Light Brigade থেকে নেয়া। 

The Charge of the Light Brigade: 
- It is a poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, published in 1855. 
- The poem, written in Tennyson’s capacity as poet laureate, commemorates the heroism of a brigade of British soldiers at the Battle of Balaklava (1854) - in the Crimean War

''Half a league, half a league,
Half a league onward,
All in the valley of Death
   Rode the six hundred.
“Forward, the Light Brigade!
Charge for the guns!” he said.
Into the valley of Death
   Rode the six hundred.'' 

Alfred Lord Tennyson (1809 - 1892): English poet often regarded as the chief representative of the Victorian age in poetry.

His Notable Works:
- The Charge of the Light Brigade,
- Crossing the Bar,
- Demeter and Other Poems,
- Enoch Arden,
- Idylls of the King,
- In Memoriam,
- Locksley Hall,
- Mariana,
- The Lotos-Eaters,
- The Princess,
- The Promise of May,
- Ulysses, etc.

Source: Britannica.com 

Charlotte Bronte:

- সর্ব যুগের নারী ঔপন্যাসিকদের মধ্যে অন্যতম শ্রেষ্ঠ এক জন।  
- বিখ্যাত Bronte sister দের মধ্যে তিনি বয়োজ্যেষ্ঠা। তাদের বাবা ছিলেন এক যাজক। অত্যন্ত মেধাবী হলেও প্রত্যেকেই খুব অল্প বয়সে মারা যান। 
- Her biography is written by Mrs. Gaskell. 
- It is known as: The life of Charlotte Bronte. 
- তিনি  ”Currer Bell “ ছদ্ম নামে লেখা প্রকাশ করতেন। 

Best Works: 

- The professor
- Jane Eyre
- Villette
- The Green Dwarf

Source: Britannica.com