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স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য) - লং কোর্স

পরীক্ষাস্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য) - লং কোর্সতারিখতারিখ অনির্ধারিতসময়30 minutes
মোট প্রশ্ন৩৫
সিলেবাস
Physiology-01 - Physiology of basic tissues Blood Hemostasis Coagulation of blood Circulatory system Cardiac cycle E.C.G. Blood pressure Cardiac output Physiology of shock Regional circulation Respiratory system Lung function tests Mechanism of rhythmic breathing O2 and CO2 carriage Regulation of respiration Cyanosis and hypoxia
প্রশ্ন দেখুনঅনুশীলন
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য) - লং কোর্স

স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য) - লং কোর্স · তারিখ অনির্ধারিত · ৩৫ প্রশ্ন

১.
Which of the following contribute to the platue phase of the action potential of ventricular muscle fibers-?
  1. ক
    ক) Na+ influx
  2. খ
    খ) K+ influx
  3. গ
    গ) Ca+ influx
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) K+ efflux
ব্যাখ্যা

Plateau phase in action potential of Cardiac muscle due to-
-Slow voltage gated Ca+ channel
-Increase Ca++ influx
-Decrease K+ efflux
-coincides of ventricular systole
-results in prolonged refractory period

২.
Which part of the ECG corresponds to ventricular repolarization?
  1. ক
    ক) The P waves
  2. খ
    খ) The QRS duration
  3. গ
    গ) The T wave
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) The PR interval
ব্যাখ্যা
The P wave is primarily produced by atrial depolarization, the QRS complex is dominated by ventricular depolarization, and the T wave by ventricular repolarization.
৩.
Cardiac cycle is the term used to describe the sequence of events that occur as the heart works to pump blood through the body. The opening of the atrioventricular(AV) valves occurs at about the same time in the cardiac cycle as-
  1. ক
    ক) Beginning of diastole
  2. খ
    খ) Beginning of systole
  3. গ
    গ) End of isovolumic contraction
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) First heart sound
ব্যাখ্যা
The second is a shorter, high-pitched “dub” (second sound), caused by vibrations associated with closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves just after the end of ventricular systole and beginning of diastole.
৪.
Myocardial contractility is best correlated with the intracellular concentration of?
  1. ক
    ক) Na+
  2. খ
    খ) K+
  3. গ
    গ) Ca2+
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Cl−
ব্যাখ্যা
Contractility of myocardial cells depends on the intracellular [Ca2+], which is regulated by Ca2+ entry across the cell membrane during the plateau of the action potential and by Ca2+ uptake into and release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Ca2+ binds to troponin C and removes the inhibition of actin–myosin interaction, allowing contraction (shortening) to occur.
৫.
After massive blood transfusion in a patient, which of the following abnormality will occur?
  1. ক
    ক) Metabolic acidosis
  2. খ
    খ) Metabolic alkalosis
  3. গ
    গ) Respiratory acidosis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Respiratory alkalosis
ব্যাখ্যা
After transfusion of stored blood citrate metabolized in body and Produce HCO3- leads to metabolic alkalosis (Citrate is anticoagulant in blood bag).
৬.
Which dietary component is needed for synthesis of DNA and influence the production of RBCs?
  1. ক
    ক) Calcium
  2. খ
    খ) Iron
  3. গ
    গ) Vitamin-A
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Folic acid
ব্যাখ্যা
Folic acid acts as a catalyst in DNA synthesis.
৭.
Which of the following condition can stimulate erythropoietin secretion?
  1. ক
    ক) Low level of O2 in blood
  2. খ
    খ) Normal level of hemoglobin in RBCs
  3. গ
    গ) A high RBC counts
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) An increased blood flow through kidneys
ব্যাখ্যা
Hypoxia (decreased level of oxygen in blood) stimulates kidney to secrete EPO.
৮.
What is serum?
  1. ক
    ক) Whole blood sample from which all cells are removed
  2. খ
    খ) Plasma from which fibrinogen and clotting factors are removed.
  3. গ
    গ) The portion of blood that is composed of RBCs
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Plasma from which only albumin and globulins are removed
ব্যাখ্যা
If whole blood is allowed to clot and the clot is removed the remaining fluid is called serum.
৯.
Intrinsic coagulation pathway starts with
  1. ক
    ক) Activation of factor VII
  2. খ
    খ) Activation of factor II
  3. গ
    গ) Activation of factor XII
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Activation of Factor X
ব্যাখ্যা
Ref: Guyton 14th; P-482
১০.
Which blood group has no antigen
  1. ক
    ক) A
  2. খ
    খ) B
  3. গ
    গ) AB
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) O
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations: ‘O’ group has no antigen & AB group has no antibody.
১১.
RMP of Never fiber-
  1. ক
    ক) -65 mv
  2. খ
    খ) -70 mv
  3. গ
    গ) -80 mv
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) -90 mv
ব্যাখ্যা
[Guyton 13th p-65]
১২.
Example of positive feedback mechanism except-
  1. ক
    ক) Generation of nerve signals
  2. খ
    খ) LH surge
  3. গ
    গ) Control of blood pressure
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Insulin secretion in response to high blood glucose.
ব্যাখ্যা
[Guyton 13th 7]
১৩.
In smooth muscle calcium released by the smooth ER initiates contraction by binding to what protein?
  1. ক
    ক) Actin
  2. খ
    খ) Calmodulin
  3. গ
    গ) Desmin
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Myosin light chain kinase
ব্যাখ্যা
[Ganong 24th p-115]
১৪.
Pinocytosis is -
  1. ক
    ক) Cell eating
  2. খ
    খ) Cell drinking
  3. গ
    গ) Cell lysis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Cell shrinking
ব্যাখ্যা
[Ganong 24th p-48]
১৫.
VC+RV=?
  1. ক
    ক) IRV
  2. খ
    খ) ERV
  3. গ
    গ) TLC
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) FRC
১৬.
Direct method of measurement of cardiac output
  1. ক
    ক) Fick method
  2. খ
    খ) Indicator method
  3. গ
    গ) Dye dilution method
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Doppler echocardiography
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanation:
Measurement of cardiac output
Cardiac output can be measured using either of the following techniques:
• Direct method: Fick method
• Indirect method: Indicator / dye dilution method
• Doppler echocardiography

১৭.
CO2 stimuli affecting respiratory center
  1. ক
    ক) Via Baroreceptor
  2. খ
    খ) Via CSF and brain interstitial fluid H+ concentration
  3. গ
    গ) Via carotid and aortic bodies
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) None of above
ব্যাখ্যা
[Ganong 24th p-659]
১৮.
Substances synthesized and used in the lungs
  1. ক
    ক) Prostaglandins
  2. খ
    খ) Surfactant
  3. গ
    গ) Histamine
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Kallikrein
ব্যাখ্যা
[Ganong 24th p-638]
১৯.
The decrease in O2 affinity of hemoglobin when the pH of blood falls is called the
  1. ক
    ক) Haldane effect
  2. খ
    খ) Bohr Effect
  3. গ
    গ) Donnean effect
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Channel effect
ব্যাখ্যা
[Ganong 24th p-643]
২০.
In smooth muscle acetylcholine bind with___ receptors.
  1. ক
    ক) Muscarinic
  2. খ
    খ) Nicotinic
  3. গ
    গ) D1
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) M2
ব্যাখ্যা
[Ganong 24th p-115]
২১.
Hemophilia B (Christmas disease) produce due to factor __ deficiency
  1. ক
    ক) IX
  2. খ
    খ) XI
  3. গ
    গ) XI
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) XII
ব্যাখ্যা
[Ganong 24th p-569]
২২.
Blood clotting factor III
  1. ক
    ক) Fibrinogen
  2. খ
    খ) Thromboplastin
  3. গ
    গ) Prothrombin
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Calcium
ব্যাখ্যা
[Ganong 24th p-565]
২৩.
Local factors produce vasoconstriction-
  1. ক
    ক) Increased CO2
  2. খ
    খ) Decreased local temperature
  3. গ
    গ) Decreased O2
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Decreased local pH
ব্যাখ্যা
[Ganong 24th p-588]
২৪.
Cardiac output decreases in
  1. ক
    ক) Anxiety
  2. খ
    খ) Eating
  3. গ
    গ) High environmental temperature
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Standing from lying position
ব্যাখ্যা
[Ganong 24th p-524]
২৫.
Can be measured by spirometry
  1. ক
    ক) Vital capacity
  2. খ
    খ) Residual volume
  3. গ
    গ) Functional residual volume
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Total lung capacity
ব্যাখ্যা
Volume, which cannot be measured by spirometry, is the residual volume. Capacities, which include residual volume also cannot be measured. Capacities that include residual volume are functional residual capacity and total lung capacity.
২৬.
Primary expiratory muscle
  1. ক
    ক) Diaphragm
  2. খ
    খ) Internal intercostal
  3. গ
    গ) Sternocleidomastoid
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) External Intercostal muscles
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
Internal intercostal muscle is primary expiratory muscle
২৭.
Which organelle sorts and packages proteins within a cell?
  1. ক
    ক) SER
  2. খ
    খ) Lysosome
  3. গ
    গ) Golgi apparatus
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Mitochondria
ব্যাখ্যা
Golgi apparatus sorts and packages proteins within a cell
২৮.
Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?
  1. ক
    ক) Kupffer cells
  2. খ
    খ) Histiocyte
  3. গ
    গ) Dust cells
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Langerhans cells
ব্যাখ্যা
Alveolar macrophages or dust cells are principal mononuclear phagocytes of the alveolar surface. It removes inhaled dust, bacteria and other particulate matter trapped in the pulmonary surfactant, thus providing a vital line of defense in the lungs.
২৯.
Ventricular depolarisation in ECG is represented by
  1. ক
    ক) P wave
  2. খ
    খ) QRS complex
  3. গ
    গ) T wave
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) ST segment
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanation:
Atrial depolarization: represented by the 'P' wave
• Atrial repolarization: none
• Ventricular depolarization: represented by the QRS' complex
• Ventricular repolarization: represented by the T' wave

৩০.
Agglutinogens are present in
  1. ক
    ক) RBC membrane
  2. খ
    খ) Platelet membrane
  3. গ
    গ) Serum
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) WBC membrane
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Agglutinogens are present on RBC membrane & agglutinins are present on serum.
৩১.
Propagation of action potential through
  1. ক
    ক) Gap junction
  2. খ
    খ) Tight junction
  3. গ
    গ) Desmosome
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Hemidesmosome
৩২.
Which volume remains in the lungs after a tidal volume (TV) is expired?
  1. ক
    ক) Vital capacity (VC)
  2. খ
    খ) Expiratory reserve volume (ERV).
  3. গ
    গ) Residual volume (RV)
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Functional residual capacity (FRC)
ব্যাখ্যা
During normal breathing, the volume inspired and then expired is a tidal volume (TV). The volume remaining in the lungs after expiration of a TV is the functional residual capacity (FRC).
৩৩.
Following which is the main muscle of inspiration -?
  1. ক
    ক) Diaphragm
  2. খ
    খ) Pectoralis major
  3. গ
    গ) Latissimus dorsi
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Transverse thoracis
ব্যাখ্যা
Movement of the diaphragm accounts for 75% of the change in intrathoracic volume during quiet inspiration. Attached around the bottom of the thoracic cage, this muscle arches over the liver and moves downward like a piston when it contracts. The distance it moves ranges from 1.5 cm to as much as 7 cm with deep inspiration.
৩৪.
Which of the following is responsible for the movement of O2 from the alveoli into the blood in the pulmonary capillaries?
  1. ক
    ক) Active transport
  2. খ
    খ) Secondary active transport
  3. গ
    গ) Facilitated diffusion
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Passive diffusion
ব্যাখ্যা
Respiratory gases pass through the alveolar capillary membrane by passive diffusion.
৩৫.
Airway resistance
  1. ক
    ক) is increased if the lungs are removed and inflated with saline.
  2. খ
    খ) does not affect the work of breathing.
  3. গ
    গ) is increased in paraplegic patients.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) is increased following bronchial smooth muscle contraction.
ব্যাখ্যা
Contraction of the smooth muscle that lines the bronchial airways will increase airway resistance and make breathing more difficult.