১০০ দিনে বিসিএস প্রস্তুতি [বিষয়ভিত্তিক]

Shelley is known as Revolutionary Poet, Lyrical Poet, Poet of Wind and Poet of Hope and Regeneration. He was expelled from Oxford University for atheism. He was drowned while he was crossing the Adriatic Sea in 1822.
Famous works of Shelley:
Prometheus Unbound, Adonais, A Defence of Poetry, Ode to the West Wind, To a Skylark, Alaster, Ozymandias, Queen Mab, The Cloud etc.
[Source: Live MCQ Lecture]

Samuel Beckett, in full Samuel Barclay Beckett, (born April 13, 1906, Foxrock, County Dublin, Ireland—died December 22, 1989, Paris, France), 20th century Irish novelist, author, critic, and playwright, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1969. He wrote in both French and English and is perhaps best known for his plays, especially En attendant Godot (1952; Waiting for Godot).
His notable works: The Unnamable, Molloy, Watt, Endgame, Malone Dies, Murphy, Krapp’s Last Tape, Dream of Fair to Middling Women, Whoroscope etc.
[Source: Live MCQ Lecture and Encyclopaedia Britannica ]

In literature, Machiavellian character means 'selfish character'.
Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica.

The father of the English sonnet is Sir Thomas Wyatt(1503-1542).He introduced the Italian sonnet and Theresa Reimer verse form and the French Rondou into English literature.
[Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica]

Sir Philip Sidney is a famous critic and was also a poet and soldier. In 1580 he had completed a version of his heroic prose romance, the Arcadia. It is a book that bears the embryo of English Novel.
His other famous books are: The Lady of May, An Apology for Poetry.
[Source: An ABC of English Literature, Dr. M Mofizar Rahman and Encyclopaedia Britannica]

“Blood Of Vintage” is written by Thomas Kyd. He is the Father of English Revenge Tragedy.
His famous play: The Spanish Tragedy. It is called Bloody Drama.
[Source: An ABC of English Literature - Dr M Mofizar Rahman and Britannica]

George Chapman translated Homer’s “Illiad” and “Odyssey” into English. The first books of his translation of the Iliad appeared in 1598. It was completed in 1611, and his version of the Odyssey appeared in 1616. Chapman’s Homer contains passages of great power and beauty and inspired the sonnet of John Keats “On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer” (1815).
[Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica]

University wits are a group of young dramatists who wrote and performed in London towards the end of the 16th century during the Elizabethan Period.
Thomas Kyd, John Lyly, Robert Greene, George Peele, Christopher Marlowe and Thomas Nashe are university wits.
[source: An ABC of English Literature - Dr M Mofizar Rahman]

Much Ado About Nothing, comedy in five acts by William Shakespeare, written probably in 1598–99 and printed in a quarto edition from the author’s own manuscript in 1600. The play takes an ancient theme—that of a woman falsely accused of unfaithfulness—to brilliant comedic heights. Shakespeare used as his main source for the Claudio-Hero plot a story from Matteo Bandello’s Novelle (1554–73); he also may have consulted Ludovico Ariosto’s Orlando furioso and Edmund Spenser’s The Faerie Queene.
[Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica]

Ben Jonson Comedies are known as 'Comedy of Humors'.
His famous writings are The Magnetic Lady, Volpone, Every Man Out of His Humour, Every Man in His Humour, The Silent Woman, The Alchemist, The Devil is an Ass etc.
[Source: An ABC of English Literature, Dr. M Mofizar Rahman and Live MCQ Lecture]

The English cleric and “Cavalier Poet” Robert Herrick is especially remembered for his ‘Hesperides’ of 1648. Named after the mythological garden of golden apples, this collection of lyrics contains the well-known poem ‘Cherry Ripe’. His verse touched on a wide range of subjects from satire, love and erotic fantasy to pastoral themes and politics. His earlier work, ‘Noble Numbers’, contains some 1400 short, melodious poems on religious themes.
[Source: timewisetraveller.co.uk]

John Milton is a writer of Caroline Age. He is called Epic Poet and also called 'A great master of verse in Puritan Period'.
His famous Epics are Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained and his famous books are Comus, Lycidas, Of Education and Areopagitica.
John Milton's poem, ''On His Blindness,'' is an example of a Petrarchan sonnet.
[Source: An ABC of English Literature, Dr. M Mofizar Rahman and Encyclopedia.com]

John Dryden is known as the father of modern criticism.
‘An Evening’s love’ is a comedy by Dryden produced 1668, published 1671.
‘Mac Flecknoe’ is an extended verse satire by John Dryden, written in the mid-1670s.
His tragedy ‘All for Love’ (1677), based on Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra and written in a flowing but controlled blank verse.
Dryden collaborated with Purcell in a dramatic opera, ‘King Arthur’ (1691), which also succeeded.
[Source: Live MCQ Lecture and Encyclopaedia Britannica]

William Congreve was famous for Comedy of Manners.
His famous plays:
The Mourning Bride, The Way of The World, Love for Love, The Double Dealer, The Old Bachelor etc.
[Source: Live MCQ lecture]

One of the first daily newspapers, The Daily Courant, appeared in 1702. It was a single sheet of newsprint introduced by Edward and Elizabeth Mallett. The first English newspaper, the Weekly News, was published in 1622. The first regularly published newspapers appeared in German cities and in Antwerp about 1609.
[Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica and theguardian.com]

William Wordsworth is a famous Romantic poet.
Famous quotes of Wordsworth:
'Child is the father of man',
'Our birth is but a sleep and a forgetting',
'Nature never did betray the heart that loved her',
'Poetry is a spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings',
'Poet is the breath and final speed of knowledge',
'Come forth into the light of things, let nature be your teacher'.
[Source: Live MCQ lecture]

Jonathan Swift is the greatest satirist of the 18th century.
His famous novels are Gulliver's Travels, A tale of a Tub, A Modest Proposal, A Journey to Stella, The Battle of the Books.
Source: An ABC of English Literature, Dr. M Mofizar Rahman and Live MCQ lecture.

Henry Fielding is regarded as the 'Father of Modern English Novel'.
He is famous for Picaresque Novels.
His pen name is Captain Hercules Vinegar.
His famous plays are: Rape Upon Rape, The Temple Beau, The Tragedy of Tragedies, The Modern Husband and his famous Novels are Tom Jones, Amelia, Joseph Andrews.
[Source: An ABC of English Literature, Dr. M Mofizar Rahman and Live MCQ Lecture]

Lyrical Ballads, collection of poems, first published in 1798 by Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth, the appearance of which is often designated by scholars as a signal of the beginning of English Romanticism.
The work included Coleridge’s “Rime of the Ancient Mariner” and Wordsworth’s “Tintern Abbey,” as well as many controversial common-language poems by Wordsworth, such as “The Idiot Boy.”
[Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica]

William Wordsworth is an English poet whose ‘Lyrical Ballads’ (1798), written with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped launch the English Romantic movement.
Famous poems of Wordsworth: The Solitary Reaper, Tintern Abbey, Rainbow, Lucy Poems, The Daffodils, Ode on immortality, The Excursion, Michael etc.
‘The Rape of the Lock’ is a mock-heroic narrative poem written by Alexander Pope.
‘The Collar’ is a poem by Welsh poet George Herbert.
‘Persuasion’, novel by Jane Austen, published posthumously in 1817.
[Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica]

‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner’, poem in seven parts by Samuel Taylor Coleridge that first appeared in Lyrical Ballads, published collaboratively by Coleridge and William Wordsworth in 1798.
[Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica]

Lord Byron is called the Rebel poet of English literature.
Famous books of Byron: The Vision of Judgement, Hours of Idleness, Heaven and Earth.
Don Juan is a famous epic of Byron.
Famous poem: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage.
[Source: Live MCQ lecture]

John Keats(1795-1821), English Romantic lyric poet who devoted his short life to the perfection of a poetry marked by vivid imagery, great sensuous appeal, and an attempt to express a philosophy through classical legend.
He is called the Poet of Beauty.
His famous works:
Endymion, Hyperion, Lamia, Ode to a Nightingale, Ode to Autumn, The Eve of St. Agnes, Ode to Psyche etc.
[Source: Live MCQ lecture and Encyclopaedia Britannica]

Sir Walter Scott(1771-1832), Scottish novelist, poet, historian, and biographer who is often considered both the inventor and the greatest practitioner of the historical novel.
‘Ivanhoe’, historical novel by Sir Walter Scott, published in 1819.
His Famous works:
Patriotism, The Lady of the Lake(Poem), Talisman(Poem), Waverley etc.
[Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica]

Lord Alfred Tennyson was a represented/ Lyric poet of the Victorian Age. His famous Elegy is In Memoriam.
Famous poems are-
Oenone, Ulysses, Lotus Eaters, Locksley Hall, Tears Idle Tears, Tithonus, The Two Voices, The Lady of Shalott, Vision of Sin, Morte D'Arthur etc.
The Falcon, Queen Marry, Harold are the famous comedies of Lord Alfred Tennyson.
“I will never rest from travels
I will drink life to the less”
is a quote from Lord Alfred Tennyson's famous poem 'Ulysses'.
[Source: Live MCQ Lecture]

The Scholar Gipsy, lyric poem by Matthew Arnold, published in Poems (1853). It is a masterful handling of the 10-line stanza that John Keats used in many of his odes. The poem’s subject is a legendary Oxford scholar who gives up his academic life to roam the world with a band of Gypsies, absorbing their customs and seeking the source of their wisdom. The poem is filled with vivid descriptions of the countryside around Oxford.
[Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica]

George Eliot, pseudonym of Mary Ann, or Marian, Cross, née Evans, (born November 22, 1819, Chilvers Coton, Warwickshire, England—died December 22, 1880, London), English Victorian novelist who developed the method of psychological analysis characteristic of modern fiction. Her major works include Adam Bede (1859), The Mill on the Floss (1860), Silas Marner (1861), Middlemarch (1871–72), and Daniel Deronda (1876).
[Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica]

War and Peace, historical novel by Leo Tolstoy, originally published as Voyna i mir in 1865–69. This panoramic study of early 19th-century Russian society, noted for its mastery of realistic detail and variety of psychological analysis, is generally regarded as a masterwork of Russian literature and one of the world’s greatest novels.
[Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica]

William Butler Yeats (1865 – 1939): Irish dramatist, poet and critic. He is famous for his use of “Symbolism and Mysticism”. He wrote the preamble of Tagore's “Gitanjali” in 1912, which later got nobel prize in 1913. W.B Yeats got nobel prize in 1923.
Major Works:
Poems:
The wild swans at coole, The Tower, The Winding Stair and Other poems, The Resurrection, The Second Coming, The Cat and the Moon, Byzantium, The Lake Isle of Innisfree, Among School Children, The Lord of Harts, falling of leaves, A prayer for My Daughter, When You Are Old.
Drama:
The countess Cathleen, Cathleen in Houlihan.
[Source: LiveMCQ Lecture]

Lord Jim, novel by Joseph Conrad, published in 1900. The work, originally intended as a short story, grew to a full-length novel as Conrad explored in great depth the perplexing, ambiguous problem of lost honour and guilt, expiation and heroism.
[Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica]

George Bernard Shaw (1856 – 1950): Irish Born dramatist. Greatest modern dramatist and called the father of Modern English Drama.
He is famous for his “drama of ideas”. Awarded Nobel prize in 1925.
Major Works:
The philanderer, Arms and the Man, Man and Superman, Doctor’s Dilemma, Major Barbara, Heartbreak House, The Devil’s Discipline, The Apple cart, St. Joan, Pygmalion, Caesar and Cleopatra, You Never Can Tell.
[Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica]

Riders to The Sea is a one act play. John Millington Synge wrote the play 'Riders to The Sea'.
Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

D.H. Lawrence is a English novelist, poet and literary critic.
His famous novels: Sons and Lovers, The Rainbow, Women in Love, The White Peacock, Lady Chatterley's Lover, Kangaroo etc.
Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

Virginia woolf was female novelist. She is famous for presentation of inner realities.
Her famous novels are: The Voyage Out (first novel), To The Light house, Mrs. Dalloway, Orlando: A biography etc. [soure: britanica]

The Waste Land, long poem by T.S. Eliot, published in 1922, first in London in The Criterion (October), next in New York City in The Dial (November), and finally in book form, with footnotes by Eliot. It was one of the most influential works of the 20th century.
Source: Britannica

‘The Time Machine’ H. G. Wells রচিত একটি বিখ্যাত science fiction.
তার পুরো নাম - Herbert George Wells.
তার রচিত উল্লেখযোগ্য আরো কয়েকটি সায়েন্স ফিকশান - The Invisible Man, The War of the Worlds, The Island of Doctor Moreau, The First Men in the Moon ইত্যাদি।
[Source: Live MCQ Lecture and britannica]

Ernest Hemingway is an American novelist. He was awarded the Nobel prize in 1954 for literature.
His famous novels are For Whom The Bell Tolls, The Old Man and The Sea, A Farewell to Arms, The Sun Also Rises, Death in the Afternoon, To Have and Have not.
Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

George Eliot (1819 – 80):
- Born at Arbury Form, Warwickshire.
- Real name – Mary Ann Evans.
- Major Works: Adam Bede (1859), The Mill on the Floss, Middlemarch, Romola, Silas Marner etc.
Source: Brittanica.com

Prometheus Bound, Greek Promētheus desmōtēs, tragedy by Aeschylus, the dating of which is uncertain. The play concerns the god Prometheus, who in defiance of Zeus (Jupiter) has saved humanity with his gift of fire.
[Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica]

প্রশ্নোক্ত উক্তিটি কে করেছেন, তা নিয়ে যথেষ্ট বিতর্ক আছে। তবে তা আব্রাহাম লিংকনের উক্তি হিসেবেই বেশি প্রচলিত। ১৮৫৬ সালে রাজনৈতিক সভায় কিংবা ১৮৫৮ সালে প্রেসিডেন্সিয়াল বিতর্কে তিনি এই উক্তি করেন। তবে এই সব তথ্যের পক্ষে শক্ত কোন প্রমাণ নেই।

যাইহোক প্রচলিত তথ্যের ভিত্তিতে আমরা আব্রাহাম লিংকনকে এই উক্তির বক্তা হিসেবে ধরে নিচ্ছি। উক্তি টি বিভিন্ন উৎসে বিভিন্ন ভাবে পাওয়া গেছে। যেমন-
You can fool all the people some of the time and some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool all the people all the time.
Or, You can fool some of the people all of the time, and all of the people some of the time, but you can not fool all of the people all of the time.
Or, You can fool all the people part of the time, or you can fool some people all the time, but you cannot fool all people all the time.

উৎস: বিভিন্ন নির্ভরযোগ্য আন্তর্জাতিক পত্র-পত্রিকা এবং স্কলারদের আর্টিক্যাল।

R.K. Narayan, in full Rasipuram Krishnaswami Narayan, original name Rasipuram Krishnaswami Narayanswami, (born October 10, 1906, Madras [Chennai], India—died May 13, 2001, Madras), one of the finest Indian authors of his generation writing in English.
His famous works:
Novel - Swami and Friends, The Bachelor of Arts, The Dark Room, Waiting for the Mahatma, The Man-Eater of Malgudi etc.
Short story - Malgudi Days, A Horse and Two Goats, Under the Banyan Tree and Other stories, Lawley Roads and Other Stories etc.
Source: Brittanica.com

Famous quotes of Keats:
- Beauty is truth, truth beauty.
- A thing of beauty is a joy forever.
- Heard melodies are sweet but those unheard are sweeter.

Julius Caesar is a famous Tragedy of William Shakespeare. Julius Caesar was a ruler of Rome about 2000 years ago.
Main characters of Julius Caesar are Antony, Caesar, Brutus etc.

Alex Haley, in full Alexander Palmer Haley, (born August 11, 1921, Ithaca, New York, U.S.—died February 10, 1992, Seattle, Washington), American writer whose works of historical fiction and reportage depicted the struggles of African Americans.
Haley’s greatest success was Roots: The Saga of an American Family (1976). This saga covers seven American generations, from the enslavement of Haley’s African ancestors to his own genealogical quest. The work forcefully shows relationships between generations and between races.
source: britannica

“Books, the children of the brain” is a quotation from ‘A Tale of Tub’ by Jonathan swift.
source: LiveMCQ Lecture.

A Story or picture with two or more different meanings- a literal meaning and one or more symbolic meanings. The setting, characters, and things that happen inside an allegory are symbols for ideas and qualities. Allegory অর্থ হচ্ছে অন্য কিছু বোঝানো।