৪৯তম বিসিএস ⎯ গার্হস্থ্য অর্থনীতি [৩৯১]

Home management requires resources (time, money, energy, skills) to plan and implement household tasks effectively. Without resources, even good intentions or motivation cannot be executed.

Ref: molina rani ghosh book

Home Management is not just doing household chores, it is the intelligent use of all resources (time, money, skills, energy) to meet family needs and goals.
ref:malina rani ghos

English: Home Management deals with family-level planning, organizing, and controlling resources. budget-making is outside the Home Management scope.
ref: rafika sultana

English: Planning comes first in Home Management because it sets the path for using resources effectively.
ref: Rafika Sultana book 

Nicholes said, "An organization is a way to achieve undesired results." He mentioned three stages of an organization:
i. In the first stage, an individual creates a sequential arrangement of the different parts of a task to be done.
ii. In the second stage, an individual creates a sequence of their various tasks.
iii. In the third stage, an individual creates a work structure to get a specific task or tasks completed by different individuals.
In the organizational stage, a complete structure is created by coordinating separate parts.
ref:malina rani book

Clear instructions prevent confusion and help individuals perform tasks correctly.

Instructions are ongoing during any activity, as they guide and direct tasks continuously to ensure proper execution. They are given repeatedly as needed throughout the process.
ref:malina rani book

Implementation is the process of putting plans, policies, and instructions into action to achieve specific goals. It involves organizing resources, assigning tasks, and ensuring that every step of the plan is carried out effectively.

"Control is checking whether work is being done according to given instructions."-H. Fayol 

Success or failure cannot be judged without proper evaluation.

5 Stages of Decision Making:
i. Defining the problem to be decided

A decision-maker should have foresight and the ability to anticipate future outcomes for better decisions.

Motivation is the psychological force that drives a person to act or behave in a certain way toward their work.

Values are principles that can influence a person's behavior or judgments based on beliefs or ethics.

Values guide and regulate behavior in predictable and consistent ways in society.

The aim or goal exists consciously in the human mind as a desired target or purpose. Planning, organization, and control are processes used to achieve that aim.

The standard of living refers to the overall level of material comfort and services a person enjoys, including goods and services.
ref:pamjeri publication

Values represent what a person finds important or worthwhile. When a person becomes aware of these values, they naturally transform into goals — specific aims or targets that align with those values. For example, if someone values education highly, they might set a goal to complete a degree. Thus, values guide the formulation of meaningful goals.

Values are not always fixed; they can evolve due to new experiences, education, or changes in environment. For example, traveling to different cultures may change a person’s views and values about diversity or lifestyle. Therefore, new experiences often lead to the modification or reshaping of values.

Families establish short-term goals to guide their progress toward ultimate objectives.like-family budget,children result 

The standard (or level) of living or expectation within a family influences how their resources are defined and used. It sets the benchmark for what the family considers adequate or necessary, thereby shaping the nature and allocation of their resources.
ref: panjeri book

Values greatly influence a person’s conduct or behavior. They shape how individuals act and respond in various situations, guiding what they consider right or wrong. For example, a person who values respect will behave politely toward others. So, values directly affect the way people conduct themselves in daily life.

The desire for a goal often includes the proper execution or implementation of tasks required to achieve that goal. Without properly carrying out the work, the goal cannot be fulfilled. So, the motivation behind a goal is not only to have an objective but also to implement the necessary actions correctly.

During difficult times, family goals or aims may change to adapt to new circumstances.

Quantitative standards refer to measurable amounts or quantities. When purchasing goods and materials, knowing the exact quantity needed or affordable is essential. Hence, quantitative standards help in determining how much to buy, ensuring proper resource management.
ref:panjeri 

Anything that is necessary and considered valuable to achieve a goal is standard .standard determines the quantity and quality of anything.

Traditional Values: These values are developed around safety and production, such as health, comfort .

Social Values: These values are developed in the light of reactions and experiences. For example, love, sacrifice, etc.