১.
Which factor of human is related to absorption?
৪৮তম বিশেষ বিসিএস [স্বাস্থ্য] ⎯ মেডিকেল অংশ [Archived]
মোট প্রশ্ন৪০
সিলেবাস
Exam - 10
Pharmacology
1) Formulation, absorption, distribution, biotransformation, elimination and adverse effects of drugs
2) Mechanism of action of drugs (pharmacodynamics)
3) Half-life, steady state concentration of drugs
4) Indication, contraindication, and adverse effects of common drugs
5) Rational use of drugs
৪৮তম বিশেষ বিসিএস [স্বাস্থ্য] ⎯ মেডিকেল অংশ [Archived]
৪৮তম বিশেষ বিসিএস [স্বাস্থ্য] ⎯ মেডিকেল অংশ [Archived] · তারিখ অনির্ধারিত · ৪০ প্রশ্ন
২.
Which drugs have high volume of distribution?
ব্যাখ্যা
Drugs that have low volume of distribution
৩.
Following route have highest bioavailability by definition
৪.
Following factor is most important for distribution of a drug
ব্যাখ্যা
Tripathi 8e, P23
Once a drug has gained access to the blood
stream, it gets distributed to other tissues that
initially had no drug, concentration gradient
being in the direction of plasma to tissues.
The extent of distribution of a drug and its
pattern of tissue distribution depends on its:
• lipid solubility
• ionization at physiological pH (a function
of its pKa)
• extent of binding to plasma and tissue proteins
• presence of tissue-specific transporters
• differences in regional blood flow.
Once a drug has gained access to the blood
stream, it gets distributed to other tissues that
initially had no drug, concentration gradient
being in the direction of plasma to tissues.
The extent of distribution of a drug and its
pattern of tissue distribution depends on its:
• lipid solubility
• ionization at physiological pH (a function
of its pKa)
• extent of binding to plasma and tissue proteins
• presence of tissue-specific transporters
• differences in regional blood flow.
৫.
Semisolid dosage form of a drug is
ব্যাখ্যা
Tripathi 8e, p 7-10
Semisolid forms of drug are
Ointments
Pests
Gels
৬.
Absorption of following drugs require Ca2+ ion
ব্যাখ্যা
Gentamicin is absorbed via pinocytosis.
Pinocytosis process requires ATP, Ca2+ ion.
Pinocytosis process requires ATP, Ca2+ ion.
৭.
Part of Phase-II biotransformation reaction
৮.
Which drug is an enzyme inducer?
৯.
Which one is a prodrug?
১০.
Which one is an adverse effect of loop diuretics?
১১.
Following drug have a low therapeutic index
১২.
Regarding half life of a drug
ব্যাখ্যা
The Plasma half-life (t½) of a drug is the time taken for its plasma concentration to be reduced to half of its original value.
১৩.
Following is an example of G protein coupled receptor
১৪.
Types of pharmacologic antagonism is
ব্যাখ্যা
Malathion is an organophosphorus compound that acts in the muscarinic receptor. Atropine is an antagonist of that receptor. No other examples occupy the same receptor.
১৫.
Main site for drug biotransformation is
ব্যাখ্যা
Liver is the main organ for drug biotransformation. Other organs are - Lungs. Kidney, Intestinal mucosa, Adrenal glands, Skin etc.
১৬.
Which one is the best suitable medicine for BPH
ব্যাখ্যা
Tamsulosin is an antagonist of Alpha1a receptor. This receptor is only found in prostate. So this will be an useful drug in BPH while reducing other systemic side effect.
১৭.
Flucloxacillin has a half life of 3 hrs. To achieve a steady state concentration time will require
ব্যাখ্যা
A drug after administration needs 4 to 5 half life to reach steady state concentration.
১৮.
Which one is a limitation of the oral route
ব্যাখ্যা
Oral route has a variable bioavailability. First pass effect is a limitation and it decreases the bioavailability.
১৯.
Type B adverse drug reactions
২০.
Which of the following factors can reduce absorption of a drug
ব্যাখ্যা
All those factors stated above will increase absorption of a drug except for genetic polymorphism. Genetic variation can slow absorption and also increase the rate.
২১.
Ciprofloxacin is avoided in children because it can cause
ব্যাখ্যা
২২.
Which anti diabetic drug also provides benefit in heart failure?
ব্যাখ্যা
Empagliflozin is a SGLT2 inhibitor which causes glycosuria. It also beneficial in heart failure.
২৩.
Common adverse effect of nitrates drug are
ব্যাখ্যা
Nitrates are used in the treatment of angina. The most common adverse effects f nitrates are headache, flushing etc. It cause reflex tachycardia.
২৪.
In renal failure, following drugs should be avoided
২৫.
For migraine prophylaxis we can use
ব্যাখ্যা
Propranolol is a beta blocker that is used for migraine prophylaxis. Sumatriptan and other triptans are used in acute migraine.
২৬.
Which one is a weak diuretic?
২৭.
Following drug is known to be teratogenic
২৮.
Which drugs should be avoided to treat hypertension in pregnancy?
২৯.
All of these drugs causes hepatitis, except
৩০.
Initial drug for managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus for a newly diagnosed patient should be
ব্যাখ্যা
Metformin is considered as a first line drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
৩১.
A patient is asthmatic. Which drugs should be avoided if he develop hypertension?
ব্যাখ্যা
Propranolol is a beta blocker. It creates bronchoconstriction which can worsen asthma.
৩২.
Ocular complication of Digoxin is
৩৩.
A common adverse effects of ACE inhibitor is
৩৪.
Serious adverse effect of Oral contraceptive pill is
ব্যাখ্যা
Katzung 16e, P772,773
Serious adverse effects of OCP are
Vascular effects:
Venous thromboembolism
CVD
Myocardial infarction
Gastrointestinal disorders : Cholestatic jaundice, Gallbladder disease
Depression
Cancer
Other : Alopecia, Erythema multiforme, Erythema nodosum
Serious adverse effects of OCP are
Vascular effects:
Venous thromboembolism
CVD
Myocardial infarction
Gastrointestinal disorders : Cholestatic jaundice, Gallbladder disease
Depression
Cancer
Other : Alopecia, Erythema multiforme, Erythema nodosum
৩৫.
Which one is anti Dopaminergic adverse effect of Haloperidol?
৩৬.
Corticosteroids should be avoided in
৩৭.
Which one is a long acting corticosteroid?
৩৮.
Parts of rational prescribing
৩৯.
Which one is a part of irrational prescribing
ব্যাখ্যা
Polypharmacy refers to using medicine while single drugs can be given. It results in irrational prescribing.
৪০.
For good prescribing a drug should be