উত্তর
ব্যাখ্যা
Eb = PΦZN/60A
৪৯তম বিসিএস ⎯ তথ্য ও যোগাযোগ প্রযুক্তি (EEE) [ ৮৯২] · তারিখ অনির্ধারিত · ৩০ প্রশ্ন
Eb = PΦZN/60A
Ia = V−Eb/Ra
If V = Eb, then Ia = 0
When load increase back emf will decrease
The main properties of a series motor is that it has high starting torque
Shunt motor provides constant speed
High starting torque is required for that purpose. Series motor deliver this.
Field flux ∝ load current . At no-load flux ~ 0 so, Speed goes to dangerously high.
Starter is used in DC motor to limit starting current
Weakening field flux will cause high speed.
Armature control method is applied when motor operates at below rated speed
Cumulative compound is the process of adding flux from series and shunt field windings
N2/N1=V2/V1
N2=N1×V2/V1
= (1000×110)220
= 500 rpm
DC motor braking methods are-
Plugging
Rheostatic braking
Regenerative braking
Plagging is a process of electrical braking which attained by reversing supply terminal
During regenerative braking, machine act as generator
Output = 10 kW
Input = 10,000 + (500 + 500) = 11,000 W
η = (10,000/11,000) × 100 = 90.9%
η = Output/Input ⇒
Input = 10/0.85 = 11.76 ≈ 12kW
Synchronous speed depends only on frequency and numberof poles, not load.
Insynchronous machines, the rotor carries field winding supplied with DC.
For better cooling & insulation, armature windings on stator
By increasing/decreasing excitation, machine operates at lagging/ leading power factor.
Voltage is induced in stator conductors due to rotatiing magnetic field.
f = PN120 = 4 × 1500120 = 50 Hz
E = 4.44fΦT = 4.44 × 50 × 0.05 × 60 = 444 V
VR = (250−230/230) × 100 = 8.7%
Hysteresis Loss ,Ph=KhfBmaxV
Depends on frequency (f) and maximum flux density (Bmax).
Bmax is proportional to voltage applied.
Eddy Current Loss
Pe=Ke f2 Bmax2 V
Depends on square of frequency (f²) and flux density (∝ voltage).
So, total core loss = hysteresis loss + eddy current loss, both of which are dependent on voltage & frequency
following must be same for alternators in parallel-
Frequency
Phase sequence
Voltage magnitude
Phase angle
Explanation: δ can betermed as-
Torque angle
Load angle
Power angle
P = (EV/Zs) * sinδ
Maximum value of sinδ=1
So δ=90°
Power is inversely proportional to synchronous reactance