১০০ দিনে বিসিএস প্রস্তুতি [বিষয়ভিত্তিক]

'Linking verb' is a verb that links the subject and its complement.
There are some linking verbs: Seem, become, taste, look, smell, prove, be(is, am, are, was, were), etc.
In the given sentence, 'become' is a linking verb that is linking the subject 'you' and its complement 'the only person'
Let's see an example: You look exhausted after studying all night.

Transitive verb: A transitive verb is a verb that accepts one or more objects.
e.g., Rodney kissed the frog (kissed = transitive because frog = direct object).
Intransitive verb: Intransitive verbs can be followed by a prepositional phrase or an adverb to add to the thought being expressed, but they can never be followed by a noun, which would act as the object of the sentence.
Auxiliary verb: An auxiliary verb (abbreviated aux) is a verb that adds functional or grammatical meaning to the clause in which it appears, so as to express tense, aspect, modality, voice, emphasis, etc.
So the correct answer is option 4.

Let us explore the given options: 'Adjective clause' also known as a relative clause, is a type of dependent clause that works to describe a noun in a sentence. In the case of an adjective clause, all the words work together to modify the noun or pronoun.
'Noun clause' is a dependent clause that acts as a noun.
Noun clauses begin with words such as how, that, what, whatever, when, where, whether, which, whichever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, and why. 'Adverb clause' is a group of words that function as an adverb in a sentence, modify or describe verbs, adverbs, and adjectives.
It adds information that elaborates on when, where, why, how, how much, or under what condition the action in the sentence takes place.
'Conjunction clause' is a group of words that function as a conjunction that holds words, phrases, and clauses (both dependent and independent) together. There are three different kinds of conjunctions - coordinating, subordinating, and correlative - each serving its own, distinct purpose, but all working to bring words together.
In the given sentence, the phrase ‘when evening’ came is modifying the verb ‘rested’.
So this clause is an adverb-clause. Hence, the correct option is option 3.

Let us explore the given options:
The determiner 'An' is used to modify non-specific or non-particular nouns.
'An' is used before words beginning with a vowel sound.
The determiner 'Any' is used to refer to one or some of a thing or a number of things, no matter how much or how many.
The determiner 'The' is used to refer to specific or particular nouns.
The determiner 'A' is used to modify non-specific or non-particular nouns.
'A' is used before words that start with a consonant sound.
Correct Sentence: A university is no place for politics.

'Few' means not many/ hardly any.
The use of 'few' in the sentence makes the sentence negative.
Example: Few persons keep a secret.
​The given sentence clearly states that the scheme was closed because few people were interested in it.
It means that no one was interested in the scheme that is why it was closed.
Hence, Option 1 is the correct answer.

A transitive verb is one that is used with an object: a noun, phrase, or pronoun that refers to the person or thing that is affected by the action of the verb.
In option 2, the verb 'maintained' is being followed by the object 'product quality.
Hence, it is the most appropriate choice.

An intransitive verb does not have an object.
For eg.-
The trees were moving in the breeze.
I work for a large firm in Paris.
Pete always sings in the bath.

The correct answer is Adverb.
An adverb is a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc. (e.g., gently, quite, then, there ).
An adjective is a word naming an attribute of a noun, such as sweet, red, or technical.
A verb is a word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence, and form the main part of the predicate of a sentence, such as hear, become, happen.
A preposition is a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause, as in ‘the man on the platform’, ‘she arrived after dinner, ‘what did you do it for ?’.
Here, past is an adverb as it modifies the verb pushing.

In the sentence, the types of robots are being referred to. In the following past, the types mentioned are 'fixed' and 'mobile.'
These denote two different types of robots.
Therefore, the answer is specific in terms of a number and thus, other options need not be used to describe the types.
The sentence is There are two basic types of robots: those that are fixed, and those that are mobile.

Lioness refers to the feminine gender of Lion.
Similarly, Cow refers to the feminine gender of Bull.
Hence, the answer is cow.

Let's consider the usage of the given determiners-
many - It is used to indicate countable plural nouns, which are not counted.
Another - It means one after the one already discussed or used.
more - It is used as an adjective to indicate excess quantity.
each - It is used as a distributive adjective or distributive pronoun.
Hence, according to the context of the sentence, another will be the correct answer. ​

Noun Clause: A noun clause is used to name something when a single word isn't enough.
They're always a dependent clause. They also acts as a subject of the sentence.
Noun clause always gives the answer of "what".
For eg: What Mohan wrote surprised her family.
Adjective Clause: An adjective clause is a type of dependent clause that works to describe a noun in the sentence.
Adjective clause gives the answer of "what kind of" For eg: People who are smart answer the question.
Adverb Clause: An adverb clause is a type of dependent clause that functions as adverbs.
Adverb clause answers How? Where? When? Why?
For eg: When the clock strikes midnight he has to leave the town.
A noun clause can also act as the object of the sentence when it answers what?
In the given sentence, He didn't know after this you ask a question what?
You will get the answer "why the engine wasn't working."
So the correct answer is option 1 i.e. Noun clause.

There are some uncountable nouns (followed by a singular verb) that don't take the articles 'a/an', many, few, and plural form:​
Furniture, scenery, luggage, temper, hair, knowledge, equipment, pottery, music, jewelry, etc.​
Example:
​The sceneries at my friend's house enchanted me. (Incorrect)
The scenery at my friend's house enchanted me. (Correct)
Since the noun 'furniture' precedes the blank part of the sentence, 'is sold' will be used as per the rule given above.
Correct sentence: Second-hand furniture is sold here at reasonable prices.

The correct answer is Option 4.
Appraise means to examine something or someone in order to judge their qualities or success, or needs.
The most suitable option is 'for'.
Ex: The available studies will then be critically appraised for quality.
Other options are incorrect, as they are not fit grammatically.

The underlined word Those is a determiner which is the plural form of that'.
'Those' is a demonstrative determiner that is used to demonstrate the identity of the thing referenced by the following noun.
For example, Those mangoes are ripe.
As we have to identify which part of speech the word belongs to, we need to know the significance of the parts of speech.
Parts of Speech: A category to which a word is assigned in accordance with its syntactic functions.
In English, the main parts of speech are noun, pronoun, adjective, determiner, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection.​

Here, the word ‘Those’ refers to 'boys'. So, ‘Those’ will be categorized as a determiner.

There are some verbs/nouns/adjectives which are followed by fixed prepositions as given below: ​
Exonerate from, refrain from, subject to, based on, aptitude for, inured to, accused of, predilection for, respite from, vexed at, etc.
Example: ​After spending some time on the island, they became inured to the hardships.​ ​
Hence, according to the phrases given above, 'to' will be the correct choice.
The given phrase 'subject to' means cause or forced to undergo (a particular experience of a form of treatment).
Correct Sentence: Our prices are subject to a heavy discount.

Let's look at the meaning of the word and the marked option.
Obsolete (adjective): no longer produced or used; out of date.
Obsolescence (noun): the state of being which occurs when an object, service, or practice is no longer wanted even though it may still be in good working order.
Example: ​Mobile phone technology is developing so quickly that many customers are concerned about obsolescence. ​
Hence from the given meaning and example, we find that the correct answer is: Obsolescence.

The correct answer is option 2), i.e., Later.
The comparative degree of the adjective 'Late' is 'Later'.

The comparative degree of the adjective 'Late' is 'Later'.


'Latter' looks like 'Later' but it is not the correct answer.
It is an adjective denoting the second thing mentioned of two things.
Example: Out of Roses and Lilies, I like the latter.

The correct option is option 3.
We will use both 'anyhow' or 'anyway' because they both mean 'nevertheless'.

In the given fill-in-the-blank, the 'is' is grammatically correct.
When two subjects in a sentence are connected with ''either...or, not...only, neither...nor, no...or, not... or, or, then verb should be used according to the nearest subject.
In the given sentence 'Henry' is the nearest subject. And it is singular.
Therefore, a singular helping verb should be used.

Singular is a grammar term that is defined as the form of a word used when discussing only one person, place or thing.
There are some nouns like measles, mathematics, dominoes etc. that look plural but are singular.
Thus, option 4 is the most appropriate choice.

As English has constantly borrowed words from other languages throughout its history,
there are many nouns with plural endings taken from the source language.
For eg.
Bacterium - Bacteria
Datum - Data
Medium -Media

There are certain nouns that only have a plural form.
For eg.- Police

Let us explore the given options:
The preposition 'under' means below (something covering or protecting).
The preposition 'below' means at a lower level or layer than.
The preposition 'in' is used to indicate a location or place.
The preposition 'through' means moving in one side and out of the other side of (an opening, channel, or location).
Hence, the correct answer is 'in'.
Complete Sentence: We sat in the shade of the tree.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e. 'Milk is more nourishing than any other food.'
One of the degrees of comparison is the 'comparative degree' that describes the comparison between more than two persons or things.
Option 1 is such an example of the comparative form of an adjective.
In this case, the comparative adjective of 'most nourishing' is 'more nourishing.'
In the case of converting the sentence, it can also be transformed to a comparative degree.
Option 1 is an example of a superlative to comparative transformation.
A comparative degree can be formed as follows: Subject + Verb + Comparative adjective + Than + Any other + Object.
Milk + is + more nourishing + than + any other + food.
Additionally, a superlative degree can be identified with the verb suffix -est or with the prefix most _____.
A comparative degree can be identified with the suffix -er or prefix more ______ than.

In a sentence, the verb is used according to person and number.
In the case of the following words, the verbs used will be singular:
Each, every/everyone, someone/somebody, none/ nobody, one, any, many a, more than one, etc.​​
For example:
Everyone are addicted to smartphones nowadays. (Incorrect)
Everyone is addicted to smartphones nowadays. (Correct)
As per the rule and example have given above, 'does' will be used in the blank part of the given question.
Correct Sentence: Each of the Girl Scouts does a community project.

‘Quench’ is not a noun but a verb that means “to satisfy”.
Other options - mention, trench, tension are mainly used as nouns.

‘That’s the last straw’ is an idiom.
Meaning: a further difficulty or annoyance, typically minor in itself but coming on top of a series of difficulties, that makes a situation unbearable. 
Ex: His affair was the last straw
Therefore, option 3 is the correct answer.

Gerund after particular Finite Verbs:
Mind, drop, practice, finish, delay, forbid, endure, excuse, consider, stop, fancy, suggest,
present, prefer, deny, enjoy, miss, forgive, avoid, pardon.

After these finite (principal) verbs --- if another verb (action word) sits, it takes the structure of
gerund (verb+ing).

Example:
a. We enjoyed playing football.
b. We stopped working.
c. I suggest doing it.
d. She forbade doing this.
e. I have finished reading.

The pronoun 'either' is singular and requires a singular verb even though it seems to be referring to two things. 
But sometimes 'either' takes a plural verb when these pronouns are followed by a prepositional phrase beginning with 'of'. 
The above statement is particularly true of interrogative constructions:
 ''Have either of you two clowns read the script?'' or ''Are either of you taking this seriously?'' ​Let's see the tense of the given options:- 
Did: The auxiliary verb 'did' works with all persons, singular and plural, but the main verb appears in its base form. 
Has: It is the singular form of the verb. 
Have: It is the plural form of the verb.
 Was: It is the singular form of the verb. ​
Since 'seen' is the past participle form of the verb, thus 'have' will be used. 
Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Dilate means make or become wider, larger, or more open.
Ex: Her eyes dilated with horror.

Meanings of the given words:
Breath - the air is taken into or expelled from the lungs. 
Push - hold and exert force on (something) so as to cause it to move in front of one. 
Widen - to make or become wider. 
Terrible - extremely bad or serious. 
Out of these only Widen shows the meaning of Dilate.

The main verb of the sentence is 'watched' with this verb we always use the bare infinitive that is don't use 'to + v1' 
There are some other verbs that take the bare infinitive - Watch, Let, help, etc.
So the correct sentence is - I watched him fall.

The correct answer is option 2), i.e. Adverb.
An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. 
Example: They are extremely poor.
In the given sentence 'clean' is used before the word 'forgot' to express the meaning 'completely'.
It has modified the verb 'forgot'. 
So, it is an adverb. 
Ex:
The bullet went clean through his shoulder.
I clean forgot that I was supposed to be meeting Lucy last night.

'Clean' is also used as an adjective. 
It means 'washed' or 'free from dust or dirt'. 
Example: Her dress is clean. 
'Clean' is also used as a verb. 
It means 'to wash'. 
Example: You should clean your bag.

When two nouns (bread and butter) joined by 'and' talk about a single collective idea, we use the singular verb. Let us explore the given options: 
The verb 'is' is the third-person singular present verb.
 The verb 'are' is the second person singular present and first, second, third person plural present verb. 
The verb 'was' is the first and third-person singular past verb. 
The verb 'were' is the second person singular past, plural past, and past subjunctive verb.
Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Let's explore the meaning of the marked word and the given word.
Appellant: someone who appeals for a legal or official decision to be changed. 
Example: The jury acquitted the appellants of the conspiracy as it was originally charged.
Defendant: a person in a law case who is accused of having done something illegal.
Example: The jury concluded from the evidence that the defendant was innocent. 
From above, the correct answer is option 1.

Let us explore the given options: 
The modal 'might' is used to express possibility.
The modal 'would' is used to talk about hypotheses (when we imagine something). 
The modal 'should' is used to express mild obligation or advice. 
The modal 'shall' is used for expressing a strong assertion or intention.
 Complete Sentence: If he discovers the truth, there's no knowing what might happen.

Let us explore the given options: 
Take over means to become responsible for a task in succession to another. 
Take up with means to begin to associate with someone, especially in a way disapproved of by the speaker. 
Take down means to write down spoken words.
Take off means choosing to have a period away from work. 
Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Complete Sentence: The teacher will take up with a new chapter tomorrow.

Profess (verb):
Meaning:
1. Claim that one has (a quality or feeling), especially when this is not the case.
2. Have or claim knowledge or skill in (a subject or accomplishment)
3. Affirm one's faith in or allegiance to (a religion or set of beliefs)

Synonyms:
declare, announce, proclaim, assert, state, affirm, admit, avow, maintain, protest, aver, vow, claim, pretend, purport, allege.

Antonyms:
minimize, understate, disregard, ignore, neglect, overlook, disavow, disclaim, disown, negate, negative, reject, repudiate

Source: Oxford and Merriam-Webster Dictionary.

In the given sentence, the present participle/gerund form of the verb should be used. 
Let us explore the given options: 
The verb 'going' is the present participle form of the verb which means moving from one place to another; traveling. 
The verb 'been' is the past participle form of the verb which means existed. 
The verb 'having' is the present participle form of the verb which means possessing, owning or holding.
 The verb 'being' is the present participle form of the verb which means existing. 
Hence, the correct answer is option 4.
Correct sentence: 'There being no porters on the platform, he had to carry his luggage himself.'

The sentence suggests that the blank should contain conjunction as it binds the two sentences. 
The conjunction should also reflect the possibility that the sentence implies, with conditional conjunction, in this case- if.
The only option that gives the intended meaning is 'If'.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

Out of all the options given, customary is most logical because of the event being discussed.
Further mandatory and compulsory both mean the same, are thus eliminated as it is a custom to stand and not a rule. 
And even though expected seems to fit here, it does not go with the following word 'for' (expected of not expected for).

The adjective 'deformed' means (of a person or part of the body) not having the normal or natural shape or form; misshapen. 
The adjective 'useless' means having no ability or skill in a specified activity or area. 
The adjective 'sick' means affected by physical or mental illness. 
The adjective 'hopeless' means feeling or showing no hope. 
Complete Sentence: She cannot use her deformed hand.

The sentence suggests that the blank should contain a noun, as it is used with the adjective 'some'. 
Given the context, the word should mean a fool, the opposite of 'wit'. 
As the sentence suggests the usage of 'or' in a mutually contradicting way,
 e.g. He was a genius or a fool. 
Let's look at the meanings of the given words: 
Ignoble- not honorable in character or purpose. 
Ignominious- deserving or causing public disgrace or shame. 
Ignoramus- an ignorant or stupid person. 
Boor- a rough and bad-mannered person. 
The only option that gives the intended meaning is Ignoramus. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.

Let's look at the meanings of the given word and marked option: 
Sapient- having or showing deep understanding and intelligent application of knowledge 
foolish- showing or marked by a lack of good sense or judgment 
Let's look at the meanings of the other given options: 
wise- having or showing deep understanding and intelligent application of knowledge 
wasteful- given to spending money freely or foolishly 
culvert- a transverse drain 
Hence from the given meanings, we find that foolish and Sapient are antonyms.

An adjective is a word that qualifies a noun or a pronoun. 
Example: I have a pink pencil. 
The word 'whole' is qualifying the word 'class' which is a noun. 
Therefore it is an adjective. 
'Whole' is also used as a noun. 
It means 'all of something'. 
Example: She had to choose the best as she could not accept the whole. 

Let us explore the options: 
Experiencing: The word 'experiencing' is a gerund and also a present participle( '-ing' form of the verb), 
technically a gerund acts as a noun and will have an object thus the use of 'experiencing' is not appropriate here. 
Experiencing: As a present participle (-ing form of the verb) is not appropriate as the verb denotes a continuous action, 
but the given sentence is a factual sentence and hence the present participle form cannot be used in a factual sentence. 
The given sentence is in the simple present tense as it is a factual sentence, therefore the word 'experienced' cannot be used as it is in the past form. 
Hence, from the given options we can say that 'experience' fits suitably in the blank. 
The correct sentence: "Experience of pain is real and affects one's body, mind, and spirit."

Here are the meanings of the given idioms: 
Jump the gun - to do something too soon 
Once in a blue moon - rarely or not very often 
Under the weather - to feel slightly unwell or ill 
Best of both worlds - a situation in which you can enjoy the advantages of two very different things at the same time 

From the context of the sentence, we can see that 'under the weather' is the correct idiom here.
Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Participle is a non-finite verb. It is used as an adjective. 
There are three types of participle:
a. Present Participle: When ‘verb+ing’ works as an ‘adjective and verb’, it is called Present
Participle.
Example: Standing at the door, he knocks.

b. Past Participle: When ‘v3’ works as ‘non-finite verb’, it is called past participle.
Example: The burnt house is not ours.

c. Perfect Participle: When ‘having’ is used as ‘adjective and verb is called perfect participle.
Example: Having done the work, I slept.

Functions:
1. It takes an object like a verb:
Hearing a noise, he woke up.
I saw a boy mending his shoes.
The participle took objects (‘a noise’, ‘his shoes’) like a verb.