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৪৮তম বিশেষ বিসিএস [স্বাস্থ্য] ⎯ মেডিকেল অংশ [Archived]

পরীক্ষা৪৮তম বিশেষ বিসিএস [স্বাস্থ্য] ⎯ মেডিকেল অংশ [Archived]তারিখতারিখ অনির্ধারিতসময়20 minutes৩৯ বৈধ · ১ অসম্পূর্ণ
মোট প্রশ্ন৪০
সিলেবাস
Exam - 11 Pathology-01 a. Cell biology general concept b. Inflammation, degeneration, necrosis and gangrene c. Sterilization and disinfection d. Disorder of growth: Tumors including cancers e. Radiation, hazards and prevention f. Immunity, immunization against common bacterial and viral infections. Immunodeficiency syndrome with special reference to AIDS g. Common causes of diarrhea and pathogenesis and complications. General reaction to trauma. Hemorrhage and shock h. Bacterial infections with special reference to: • Enteric fever • Tuberculosis • Leprosy • Diphtheria • Whooping cough • Tetanus • Gas gangrene • Food poisoning • Streptococcal and staphylococcal infections • Bacillary dysentery • Cholera i. Common viral diseases: • Poliomyelitis • Chickenpox • Measles • Viral hepatitis • Rabies • Herpes zoster • Dengue • COVID-19 j. Common parasitic diseases: • Ascariasis • Ankylostomiasis (Hookworm infection)
প্রশ্ন দেখুনঅনুশীলন
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

৪৮তম বিশেষ বিসিএস [স্বাস্থ্য] ⎯ মেডিকেল অংশ [Archived]

৪৮তম বিশেষ বিসিএস [স্বাস্থ্য] ⎯ মেডিকেল অংশ [Archived] · তারিখ অনির্ধারিত · ৪০ প্রশ্ন

১.
What is the hallmark of chronic inflammation -
  1. ক
    Fibrosis
  2. খ
    Exudation
  3. গ
    Tissue repair
  4. ঘ
    Tissue destruction
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Chronic inflammation is characterized by inflammation, tissue injury and attempts to repair.
To which persistent tissue destruction is hallmark.
২.
Organism causing invasive diarrhoea -
  1. ক
    Shigella spp
  2. খ
    Giardia lamblia
  3. গ
    Intestinal flukes
  4. ঘ
    Tropical sprue
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Pathogen causing bloody diarrhoea -
Shiga toxin producing E.coli
Enteroinvasive E.coli
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi
Shigella
Camphylobacter
Clostridium difficile
Vibrio
Amoebic dysentery

Others options causes chronic diarrhoea 
৩.
By which way natural active specific immunity gained -
  1. ক
    Toxoid vaccine
  2. খ
    Mother to child transmission
  3. গ
    After subclinical infection
  4. ঘ
    By antisera and antitoxins
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Acquired (specific) immunity by -
1. Active : where antigen are exposed to the body-
Natural : After clinical and subclinical infections - Hepatitis A virus infection
Artificial : Vaccines

2.Passive :
Where antigen are not exposed to the body
Natural : Mother to child
Artificial : Antisera and antitoxins.
৪.
False MT test positivity seen in -
  1. ক
    HIV infection
  2. খ
    Diabetic patient
  3. গ
    BCG vaccination
  4. ঘ
    Measles infection
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
False MT (+) ve seen in :
Infection due to atypical mycobacteria
BCG vaccination
Infection at the site of test
Type-I hypersensitivity

False(-ve) MT test seen in :
Miliary tuberculosis
Extreme age
HIV
Malnutrition 
Immunosuppressive drugs
Malignancy
Measles
Lapromatous leprosy
৫.
CSF result in tubercular meningitis -
  1. ক
    Blood stained
  2. খ
    Predominant WBC- lymphocyte found
  3. গ
    Normal glucose level
  4. ঘ
    Decreased protein concentration
৬.
Which pathogen associated with food poisoning 12 hours after eating of reheated fried rice -
  1. ক
    Clostridium perferinges
  2. খ
    Staphylococcus aureus
  3. গ
    Bacillus cereus
  4. ঘ
    Salmonella typhi
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Bacilus spore can germinate after heating from fried rice
৭.
Exotoxins -
  1. ক
    Lipopolysaccharides
  2. খ
    Located in bacterial chromosome
  3. গ
    Highly antigenic
  4. ঘ
    Causes only Fever and shock
৮.
What is the malignant tumor of bone -
  1. ক
    Giant cell tumor
  2. খ
    Osteoblastoma
  3. গ
    Ewing sarcoma
  4. ঘ
    Osteochondroma
৯.
Kal-azar-
  1. ক
    Vector is Anopheles mosquito
  2. খ
    After bite promatigote form convert into amistogote form
  3. গ
    Have life cycle in human RBC
  4. ঘ
    Causes leucocytosis
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
(a) Vector is Sand fly
(b) After bite promastigote taken by monocyte and reticuloendothelial system and converts to amistogote form
( c) No life cycle in RBC
(d) Causes leucopenia,anaemia and high ESR
১০.
Most common teratogenic virus -
  1. ক
    Dengue
  2. খ
    CMV
  3. গ
    Rubella
  4. ঘ
    VZV
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Teratogenicity -
CMV> Rubella
১১.
Feature of irreversible cell injury -
  1. ক
    Lysosomal swelling
  2. খ
    Detachment of ribosome
  3. গ
    Cellular swelling
  4. ঘ
    Presence of myelin figures
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Irreversible cell injury is characterized by -
Extensive plasma membrane damage
Severe swelling of mitochondria 
Swelling of lysosome
Large,flocculent,amorphus densities in mitochondrial matrix
১২.
Pathogen transmitted by transplacental pathway -
  1. ক
    Listeria monocytogens
  2. খ
    Streptococcus agalactiae
  3. গ
    Chlamydia trachomatis
  4. ঘ
    Staphylococcus aureus
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Transplacental transmission of pathogen :
Treponema pallidum
Listeria monocytogens
Cytomegalovirus 
Parvovirus B18,Rubella virus
Measles virus
HIV
Toxoplasma gondii
১৩.
What is the largest intestinal nematode in jejunum -
  1. ক
    Necator americana
  2. খ
    Enterobius vermicularis
  3. গ
    Ascaris lumbricoides
  4. ঘ
    Ancylostoma duodenale
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Ascaris lumbricoides is largeest intestinal nematode lives in the lumen of small intestine.
১৪.
Disease caused by Human herpes virus -5
  1. ক
    Infectious mononucleosis
  2. খ
    Herpes labialis
  3. গ
    Varicella
  4. ঘ
    Kaposi sarcoma
অনির্ধারিত
ব্যাখ্যা

প্রশ্নে "Human herpes virus - 4" এর পরিবর্তে ভুলক্রমে "Human herpes virus - 5" দেওয়া হয়েছিল। 
প্রশ্ন অনুসারে অপশনে সঠিক উত্তর না থাকায় প্রশ্নটি বাতিল করা হয়েছে। 
---------------------

Explanation:

» Human herpes virus 4 is Epstein Barr virus which causes :
• Infectious mononucleosis
• Burkitt lymphoma
• Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
• Oral hairy leucopkakia in AIDS patients.

» Human herpesvirus 5, known as Cytomegalovirus (CMV), can cause a range of illnesses from mild flu-like symptoms to severe infections such as pneumonia and encephalitis. It can pass through the transplacental route during pregnancy. Infection during pregnancy can lead to various consequences including miscarriage, non-immune hydrops, stillbirth, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), microcephaly, intracranial calcification, hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, choroidoretinitis, mental retardation, and sensorineural deafness.

১৫.
Wound healing is delayed by -
  1. ক
    Anabolic steroid
  2. খ
    Ultraviolet radiation
  3. গ
    Starvation
  4. ঘ
    Younger age groups
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Factors affecting / delayed wound healing -
Local factors :
Local infection
Foreign body
Haematoma
Mechanical stress
Type of tissue
Surgical techniques 

Systemic factors :
Extreme age
Anaemia
Vitamin deficiency 
Malnutrition & starvation
Systemic infection
DM,Uremia
Malignant disease
Drugs -(Steroids, cytotoxic medications,Intensive antibiotic therapy)
১৬.
Which lesion in the skin is caised by hook worm -
  1. ক
    Ground itch
  2. খ
    Erythema nodusum
  3. গ
    Dermopathy
  4. ঘ
    Psoriatic patch
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Lesions in skin caused by hook worm ( Ancylostoma duodenale) 
Ground itch ( Ancylostoma dermatitis)  
Creeping eruption caused by filariaform larva
১৭.
T-cell deficiency seen in -
  1. ক
    X- linked hypogammaglobulinaemia
  2. খ
    Heriditary angioedema
  3. গ
    Digeorge's syndrome
  4. ঘ
    Malnutrition
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Primary immunodeficiency -
T-cell deficiency seen in-
Thymic aplasia ( Digeorge's syndrome)
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
Hyper IgM syndrome
Interleukin-12 receptor deficiency 

AIDS and measles is a secondary immunodeficient disorder Where T cell deficiency seen
১৮.
Molluscum contagiosum -
  1. ক
    Caused by herpes virus
  2. খ
    Transmitted by blood
  3. গ
    Treatment is liquid N2
  4. ঘ
    Vaccine available
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
(a) Caused by pox virus
(b) Transmitted by close contact/ sexual contact
(c) Treatment : Self limiting / electrocautery/
Liquid N2
(d) No available vaccine
১৯.
Opportunistic disease in AIDS patient if CD4 count <200 cells/ cmm -
  1. ক
    Tuberculosis
  2. খ
    Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
  3. গ
    Toxoplasmosis
  4. ঘ
    Non typhoid salmonellosis
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
CD4 count <200 cells/cmm causes following disease  in AIDS patient :
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
Chronic herpes simplex ulcer
Oropharyngeal candidiasis
Peripheral neuropathy
HIV wasting syndrome
২০.
What is the confirmatory test for disseminated intravascular coagulation -
  1. ক
    Increase BT
  2. খ
    Diminished platelet count
  3. গ
    Raised D- dimer
  4. ঘ
    High INR
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Laboratory features –
 Increase - BT, CT, PT, APTT, FDP, INR, D-dimer
 Decrease – Thromboplastin generation time, Platelet count, Clotting factor.
Confirmatory : Raised D-dimer.
২১.
In viral marker study of hepatitis B virus, HbsAg(-ve),Anti HBs(-ve),Anti HBc IgM(-ve),Anti HBc IgG (+ ve) seen in which stage of disease process -
  1. ক
    Infective phase
  2. খ
    Early acute infection
  3. গ
    Vaccination
  4. ঘ
    Window period
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
During the window period of viral hepatitis, specifically for Hepatitis B (HBV), neither the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) nor its antibody (HBsAb) are detectable in the serum. However, the hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb), particularly the IgM form, may be the only positive marker during this time
২২.
Which tumor frequently show bony metastasis -
  1. ক
    Hepatocellular carcinoma
  2. খ
    Papillary carcinoma of thyroid
  3. গ
    Adrenal gland tumor
  4. ঘ
    Prostatic carcinoma
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Following organ tumor shows bony metastasis -
Breast
Bronchus of lung
Kidney
Prostate
Thyroid ( Except papillary carcinoma)
Another -
Testes
Ovary
Colangiocarcinoma.
২৩.
Which is obligate intracellular pathogen -
  1. ক
    Brucella
  2. খ
    Ricketsia
  3. গ
    Salmonella
  4. ঘ
    Mycoplasma
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Obligate intracellular pathogen :
Chlamydia
Ricketsia
Microsporidia
Virus
Histoplasma capsulatum
২৪.
A necrotic tissue become pale colour and exhibit firm texture.On staining it takes acidophil stain.What type of necrosis may happen to this tissue -
  1. ক
    Colliquetive necrosis
  2. খ
    Coagulative necrosis
  3. গ
    Caseous necrosis
  4. ঘ
    Fibrinoid necrosis
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Coagulative necrosis is a form of necrosis in which the architecture of dead tissue is preserved for a span of at least some days.

The affected tissue has a firm texture. Presumably, the injury denatures not only structural proteins but also enzymes and so blocks the proteolysis of the dead cells; as a result, intensely eosinophilic cells with indistinct or reddish nuclei may persist for days or weeks.
Ultimately, the necrotic cells are broken down by the action of lysosomal enzymes derived from infiltrating leukocytes, which also remove the debris of the dead cells by phagocytosis.
Ischemia caused by obstruction in a vessel may lead to coagulative necrosis of the supplied tissue in all organs except the brain (see next paragraph for explanation).
A localized area of coagulative necrosis is called an infarct.
২৫.
Following which is live bacterial vaccine -
  1. ক
    Typhoid vaccine
  2. খ
    Coxiella vaccine
  3. গ
    Haemophilus influenzae type B
  4. ঘ
    Plague
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Live bacterial vaccines-
BCG
Typhoid
Live cholera vaccine
Killed bacterial vaccine -
Coxiella
Cholera
Plague
Pertusis
Ricketsia
২৬.
Location of class -III MHC -
  1. ক
    Platelet
  2. খ
    Free in plasma
  3. গ
    Macrophage
  4. ঘ
    B-cell
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
MHC class III Ag are soluble Ag, secreted in circulation. 
Remains free in plasma
Not expressed on the cell surface.
২৭.
Non beta haemolytic Streptococci -
  1. ক
    S.pyogens
  2. খ
    S.agalactiae
  3. গ
    E.faecalis
  4. ঘ
    S.pneumoniae
২৮.
What is the cause of obstructive shock -
  1. ক
    Air embolism
  2. খ
    Hypertrophic cardiomyopathies
  3. গ
    Adrenal insufficiency
  4. ঘ
    Myocardial ischemia
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Obstructive shock :
Diminished cardiac filling in both side of heart - Decreased pre-load.
Causes :
Cardiac temponade
Tension pneumothorax
Massive pulmonary embolism
Air embolism
২৯.
Type-II hypersensitivity is seen in -
  1. ক
    Pernicious anaemia
  2. খ
    Polyarteritis nodosa
  3. গ
    Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
  4. ঘ
    Type-I diabetes melitus
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Examples of Type II Hypersensitivity:
1.Blood Transfusion Reactions
2.Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
3.Myasthenia Gravis
4.Graves' Disease 
5.Pemphigus Vulgaris
6.Goodpasture's Syndrome
6.Rheumatic Fever
7.Drug-Induced Lupus
8.Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
9.Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
10.Pernicious anaemia
11.Type -II Diabetesmelitus
৩০.
Feature of primary immune response -
  1. ক
    High rate of antibody production
  2. খ
    Long duration of antibody response
  3. গ
    Short latent period(3-5 days)
  4. ঘ
    No memory cell
৩১.
Which disease transmitted by autosomal recessive inheritance -
  1. ক
    Neurogenic muscular atrophy
  2. খ
    Fragile X syndrome
  3. গ
    Chronic granulomatous disease
  4. ঘ
    Alport syndrome
৩২.
Treatment of choice in Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
  1. ক
    Clindamycin
  2. খ
    Vancomycin
  3. গ
    Cefepime
  4. ঘ
    Streptogramins
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
The drug of choice for most MRSA infections, particularly in hospitalized patients, is intravenous vancomycin.
It's used both as initial therapy and for definitive treatment because most MRSA strains are susceptible to vancomycin.

However, there are some MRSA strains that have developed resistance to vancomycin, and in such cases, other antibiotics like daptomycin or ceftaroline may be considered.
৩৩.
Type-II lepra reaction -
  1. ক
    Cell mediated immunity
  2. খ
    New skin lesion
  3. গ
    Orchitis,iritis is associated
  4. ঘ
    Prence of granuloma
৩৪.
Which mediator is responsible for Fever in inflammatory process -
  1. ক
    C5a
  2. খ
    Tumor necrosis factor
  3. গ
    Serotonin
  4. ঘ
    Nitric oxide
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Factors responsible for fever in acute inflammation :
IL-1
TNF
Prostaglandin 
Bradykinin
Ref: Robbins 10th
৩৫.
Complication commonly seen in typhoid fever -
  1. ক
    Cholecystitis
  2. খ
    Myocarditis
  3. গ
    Perforation
  4. ঘ
    Nephritis
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
The most common and dangerous complications of typhoid fever are intestinal perforation and gastrointestinal hemorrhage. 
These can lead to life-threatening situations like sepsis and require immediate medical intervention, including surgery. 
Other complications include inflammation of the heart muscle (myocarditis), infection of the heart lining (endocarditis), and even brain complications like meningitis or psychiatric issues. 
৩৬.
What is the primary antibody responsible for complement fixation -
  1. ক
    IgG
  2. খ
    IgM
  3. গ
    IgA
  4. ঘ
    IgE
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Antibody for complement fixation :
Both IgM and IgG
But IgM is most efficient in fixation of classic pathway.
৩৭.
What is the blood marker in nonseminomatous germ cell carcinoma -
  1. ক
    CA-125
  2. খ
    CEA
  3. গ
    Beta HCG
  4. ঘ
    Serum LDH
৩৮.
False statement about pasudomonas infection -
  1. ক
    Causes UTI in cathetetized patient
  2. খ
    Have fruity aeroma from culture
  3. গ
    Can destroyed by disinfectant
  4. ঘ
    Causes pneumonia in cystic fibrosis patient
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Pseudomonas, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa, can form biofilms, which are communities of bacteria encased in a protective matrix, making them difficult to treat.  Form biofilm in contact lens.

Some Pseudomonas species produce pigments, such as pyocyanin (blue) and pyoveridin (yellow-green), which can give infections a distinctive color.  

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known for its ability to develop resistance to various disinfactants and  antibiotics, which can complicate treatment.  

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen, meaning it typically infects individuals with weakened immune systems or those with underlying medical conditions. 
৩৯.
Feature of 47,XX+21 -
  1. ক
    Rocker bottom feet
  2. খ
    Umbilical hernia
  3. গ
    Polydactyly
  4. ঘ
    Cleft lip and palate
৪০.
What are the radiation sensitive tissue -
  1. ক
    Ovary
  2. খ
    Blood cell
  3. গ
    Kidney
  4. ঘ
    Thyroid tissue
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Radiation sensitive tissue -
Tissue with high rate of cell division are sensitive to radiation.
Examples-
Gonad- Testes,ovary
Bone marrow
Lymphatic tissue
Mucosa of gastrointestinal tract.