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ডেইলি কুইজ [২০০ দিন]

পরীক্ষাডেইলি কুইজ [২০০ দিন]তারিখতারিখ অনির্ধারিতসময়13 minutes
মোট প্রশ্ন১৬
সিলেবাস
Subject - English Language and Grammar Topics - Sentence and Transformation. [The Simple, Compound and Compound Sentence, The Active and Passive Voice, The Positive, Comparative and Superlative Degree]
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

ডেইলি কুইজ [২০০ দিন]

ডেইলি কুইজ [২০০ দিন] · তারিখ অনির্ধারিত · ১৬ প্রশ্ন

.
China is the most populated country in the world. (Make it positive)
  1. No other countries in the world are as populated as China.
  2. No other country in the world is as populated as China.
  3. Very few country in the world is as populated as China.
  4. Very few countries in the world are as populated as China.
ব্যাখ্যা
Superlative: China is the most populated country in the world.
Positive: No other country in the world is as populated as China.

• Superlative কে positive করতে হলে চারটি কাজ করতে হয়:
1. Subject- Object হয়, Object - Subject হয়।
2. Affirmative -Negative হয়, Negative Affirmative হয়।
3. Degree change হয়।
4. Indicator Change হয় (as... as/ so....as --> than)।

• The + superlative যুক্ত বাক্যকে positive করার নিয়ম-
- No other +singular Noun + singular Verb+ as/so + Positive Degree+ as +Subject of Positive Degree.

• Example:
• Superlative: Rafee is the smallest player on the team.
• Positive: No other player in the team is as small as Rafee.

• Superlative: Pride is the greatest vice.
• Positive: No other vice is as great as pride.

• অন্যদিকে, 
• Superlative বাক্যে One of the থাকলে সেটিকে Positive করার নিয়ম হচ্ছে:
- Very few + positive degree এর পরের Plural Noun + Plural Verb + as/so + Positive Degree + as + Subject of Positive Degree.

• Superlative: Pride is one of the greatest vices.
• Positive:  Very few vices are as great as pride.

.
This city is cleaner than all other cities in the country. (Make it superlative)
  1. This is the cleanest city in the country.
  2. This is the cleanest cities in the country.
  3. This is one of the cleanest cities in the country.
  4. This is one of the cleanest city in the country.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Comparative Degree + than all other/ than any other থাকলে (the + superlative degree) হয়।
- the + superlative degree এর পর Singular Noun বসে।

• Structure:
- প্রথম Subject প্রথমেই বসে
- এরপর Verb +  the + Comparative Degree-এর Superlative form +  Singular Noun বসে
- সব শেষে  than all other/ than any other এর পরের অংশ।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর -
Comparative: This city is cleaner than all other cities in the country.
Superlative: This is the cleanest city in the country.

• অন্যদিকে,
• Than most other/ than few other যুক্ত Comparative Degree কে Superlative Degree তে রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
• Structure:
- প্রথম Subject প্রথমেই বসে
- এরপর Verb + one of the + Comparative Degree-এর Superlative form + Plural noun বসে
- সব শেষে  most other/ few other এর পরের অংশ।
- যেমন:
Comparative: This city is cleaner than most other cities in the country.
Superlative: This is one of the cleanest cities in the country.
.
Shakespeare is greater than most other poets in English literature. (Make it positive)
  1. Very few poets in English literature are as great as Shakespeare.
  2. Very few poet in English literature is as great as Shakespeare.
  3. No other poets in English literature are as great as Shakespeare.
  4. No other poet in English literature is as great as Shakespeare.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Comparative: Shakespeare is greater than most other poets in English literature.
Positive: Very few poets in English literature are as great as Shakespeare.

• Than most other/than few other যুক্ত Comparative Degree কে Positive Degree তে রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
(i) প্রথমে Very few বসে + (ii) few other/most other এর পরের অংশ বসে + (iii) verb এর Plural বসে+ (iv) so বসে + (v) Comparative degree এর Positive form বসে + (vi) as বসে (vii) প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject বসে।

যেমন -
Comparative: The cow is more useful than most other animals.
Positive: Very few animals are as useful as the cow.
.
This road is wider than most other roads in the city. (Make it superlative)
  1. This is one of the widest road in the city.
  2. This is one of the widest roads in the city.
  3. This is the widest roads in the city.
  4. This is the widest road in the city.
ব্যাখ্যা
Comparative: This road is wider than most other roads in the city.
Superlative: This is one of the widest roads in the city.

• Than most other/ than few other যুক্ত Comparative Degree কে Superlative Degree তে রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
• Structure:
- প্রথম Subject প্রথমেই বসে
- এরপর Verb + one of the + Comparative Degree-এর Superlative form + Plural noun বসে
- সব শেষে  most other/ few other এর পরের অংশ বসে। 

- যেমন:
Comparative: This book is more interesting than few other books/ most other books I have read.
Superlative: This is one of the most interesting books I have read.
.
No sooner had I finished my work than I went out for a walk. (Make it positive)
  1. Hardly as I finished my work, I went out for a walk.
  2. As soon I had finished my work, I went out for a walk.
  3. Hardly soon as I finished my work, I went out for a walk.
  4. As soon as I finished my work, I went out for a walk.
ব্যাখ্যা
Comparative: No sooner had I finished my work than I went out for a walk.
Positive: As soon as I finished my work, I went out for a walk.

• Comparative এ No sooner had …… than থাকলে As soon as বসিয়ে positive করা হয়।
- Sooner comparative form এর positive form soon বসে এবং than উঠিয়ে দেয়া হয় এবং as .... as যোগ হয়।
- As soon as যুক্ত sentence টি এরপর শুধু comma বসে।
- দুইটি clause ই past indefinite এ হয়।

• Example: 
Comparative: No sooner had he graduated than he got a job.
Positive: As soon as he graduated, he got a job.
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As I had forgotten him I went out. (Make it simple)
  1. Forgetting him, I went out.
  2. Having forgotten him, I went out.
  3. Being forgetting him, I went out.
  4. Both ক + খ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complex: As I had forgotten him I went out. 
• Simple: Forgetting him, I went out or Having forgotten him, I went out.
- সুতরাং, সঠিক উত্তর হবে - Both ক + খ। 

• যখন As বা Since যুক্ত complex sentence-এর দুটি clause এর subject একই হয়, তখন present participle (V-ing) বা perfect participle (Having + past participle) ব্যবহার করে simple sentence তৈরি করা যায়। 
- সেক্ষেত্রে, First clause-এর verb-এর present participle (V-ing) বা perfect participle (Having + past participle) ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
- Second clause-এর subject বাদ দিয়ে verb ব্যবহার করতে হবে, কারণ দুটি clause-এর subject একই।
- As বা Since-এর মানে "যেহেতু" বা "কারণ", সুতরাং, প্রথম clause-এ বলা action বা condition reason হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• Example: As he had finished his homework, he played outside.
Simple Sentence:
Having finished his homework, he played outside.
Finishing his homework, he played outside.
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Unless you finish the task, you cannot leave. (Make it compound)
  1. You cannot leave unless you finish the task.
  2. Finish the task unless you cannot leave.
  3. Finish the task either you cannot leave.
  4. Finish the task or you cannot leave.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex: Unless you finish the task, you cannot leave.
Compound: Finish the task or you cannot leave.

• Complex sentence এর শুরুতে  “Unless” ও এর পরে second person (you) থাকলে, Compound sentence- এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম: 
- Unless ও you উঠে যাবে।
- দুই clause এর মাঝে ”or” বসে। 
- অন্য কোনো পরিবর্তন হবে না।

Example:
Complex: Unless you watch closely, you will miss the scenario.
Compound: Watch closely or you will miss the scenario.
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After the lecture ended, everyone left the auditorium. (Make it complex)
  1. After the lecture had ended, everyone left the auditorium.
  2. Since the lecture had ended, everyone left the auditorium.
  3. When the lecture had ended, everyone left the auditorium.
  4. As the lecture ended, everyone left the auditorium.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Before/after/ ইত্যাদি যুক্ত simple sentence কে complex এ পরিণত করতে দুইটি নিয়ম অনুসরণ করা যায়।

• Complex sentence এ -
- After যুক্ত clause টি past perfect tense এ হয়, তবে পরের clause টি past indefinite এ হবে। অর্থাৎ, 
- প্রথমে After বসবে + এরপর subject + verb এর past perfect form বসে,
- তারপর দ্বিতীয় subject + verb এর past form বসে।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক complex sentence টি হচ্ছে - After the lecture had ended, everyone left the auditorium.

• আবার, 
- After এর পরিবর্তে when বসে, 
- verb এর past indefinite form বসে
- দ্বিতীয় subject + বাকি অংশ।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী  - When the lecture ended, everyone left the auditorium.
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Having attended the meeting, they returned to their desks. (Make it Complex)
  1. When they have attended the meeting, they returned to their desks.
  2. After attending the meeting, they returned to their desks.
  3. When they had attended the meeting, they returned to their desks.
  4. After they attend the meeting, they returned to their desks.
ব্যাখ্যা
Simple: Having attended the meeting, they returned to their desks.
Complex: When they had attended the meeting, they returned to their desks.

• Structure:
• Simple Sentence to Complex Sentence: (Having + Verb এর past participle form যুক্ত)
• Structure: Having এর পরিবর্তে When বসে + Subject + had + Verb এর past participle form + বাকী অংশ।

• এ বাক্যে প্রথমেই Having এর পরিবর্তে When বসেছে।
- তারপর Subject - they বসেছে।
- এরপর had + Verb এর past participle form - attended বসেছে।
- বাকী অংশ অপরিবর্তিত রয়েছে।

• এ জাতীয় আরোও একটি উদাহরণ - 
- Simple: Having told this, he went away.
- Complex: When he had told he went away.

- Simple: Having done this, he went away.
- Complex: When he had done this he went away.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
১০.
I wanted to join the party, but I had an urgent task. (Complex)
  1. Even though I wanted to join the party, but yet I had an urgent task.
  2. Although I wanted to join the party, but I had an urgent task.
  3. Although I wanted to join the party, I had an urgent task.
  4. Even though I wanted to join the party, but I had an urgent task.
ব্যাখ্যা
Compound: I wanted to join the party, but I had an urgent task.
Complex: Although I wanted to join the party, I had an urgent task.

• Compound Sentence এ but থাকলে Complex Sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে Though/Although ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• Complex Sentence: 
- যে sentence- এ একটি Principal Clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate Clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে। 
- Complex Sentence এর Subordinate Clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।

More Examples:
Compound sentence: He is poor but he is honest.
Complex Sentence: Though he is poor, he is honest.

Compound Sentence: The weather was gloomy, but the atmosphere was cheerful. 
Complex Sentence: Though the weather was gloomy, the atmosphere was cheerful.
১১.
The company was reviewing the policy. (Make it passive)
  1. The policy was reviewed by the company.
  2. The policy were being reviewed by the company.
  3. The policy was been reviewed by the company.
  4. The policy was being reviewed by the company.
ব্যাখ্যা
Active: The company was reviewing the policy.
Passive: The policy was being reviewed by the company.

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।

• The company was reviewing the policy - বাক্যটি Past Continuous tense এ আছে।
- এই sentence টির passive voice এর structure হবে: Sub + am/is/are/was/were + being + verb in past participle. 
- তাই এর সঠিক passive form হবে: The policy was being reviewed by the company.
১২.
Why was a plan proposed? (Make it active)
  1. Why plan was proposed?
  2. Why did somebody proposed a plan?
  3. Why did they propose a plan?
  4. Why somebody proposed a plan?
ব্যাখ্যা
Passive: Why was a plan proposed?
Active: Why did they propose a plan?

• Passive voice কে Active voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম:
- Passive voice এর object‌ টি Active Voice এর subject হয়,
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে,
- মূল verb এর base form হয়,
- Passive voice এর subject টি Active voice এর object হয়,
- তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) উঠে যায়।

• Passive Voice এ যদি by + Object না থাকে এবং verb টি যদি পেশা বা নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর সাথে Related কাজ হয় তাহলে ঐ পেশা জীবী বা ঐ নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর নাম Subject হিসেবে বসাতে হবে অথবা একটি সুবিধাজনক subject ধরে নিয়ে active করতে হবে।
- সে অনুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে - Why do they propose a plan?
১৩.
The student's performance pleased the teacher. (Make it passive)
  1. The teacher was pleased by the student's performance.
  2. The teacher was pleased at the student's performance.
  3. The teacher was pleased with the student's performance.
  4. The teacher was pleased from the student's performance.
ব্যাখ্যা
Active Voice: The student's performance pleased the teacher.
Passive Voice: The teacher was pleased at the student's performance.

• Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয় + Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + মূল verb এর past participle + Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to,in) বসে।

• ব্যক্তির ক্ষেত্রে with বসে আর ব্যক্তির কাজ বা বস্তুর উপরে সন্তুষ্টি বোঝাতে at বসে।
- যেহেতু প্রশ্নে ব্যক্তির কাজের উপর সন্তুষ্টি বোঝানো হয়েছে তাই pleased at বসবে।
১৪.
The children laughed at the clown. (Make it passive)
  1. The clown was laughed at with the children.
  2. The clown was laughed at by the children.
  3. The clown was laughed by the children.
  4. The clown was laughed by at the children.
ব্যাখ্যা
Active: The children laughed at the clown.
Passive: The clown was laughed at by the children

• Past Indefinite Tense যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম হলো -
- Object এর Subject form হবে + was/were + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object.
- Active Voice এর sentence এ কোনো Group verb থাকলে Voice change করার সময় Group verb এর Preposition টি verb এর সাথেই থাকে; এর পরে by বসাতে হয়।
১৫.
We are going to start a new project. (Make it passive)
  1. A new project is going to started by us.
  2. A new project is going to be start by us.
  3. A new project is going to being started by us.
  4. A new project is going to be started by us.
ব্যাখ্যা
Active: We are going to start a new project.
Passive: A new project is going to be started by us.

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:

- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।

• Going to যুক্ত বাক্যের passive করার সময় Going to + be + verb এর past participle হয়।

• Example: 
- Active: He is going to open a shop.
- Passive: A shop is going to be opened by him.
১৬.
People always admire great leaders. (Make it passive)
  1. Great leaders are always being admired.
  2. Great leaders are always admired by the people.
  3. Great leaders are always admired.
  4. Great leaders will always be admired by people.
ব্যাখ্যা
Active: People always admire great leaders.
Passive: Great leaders are always admired.

• Active voice কে Passive Voice- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object টি Passive Voice এর Subject হয়।
- Active Voice এর মূল Verb এর form অনুযায়ী অতিরিক্ত ‘be’ Verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর Past Participle form বসে।
- Active Voice এর subject টি Passive Voice এর Object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।

• তবে,  Active Voice এর Subject People হলে, তা Passive Voice এর Object হিসেবে না লিখলেও চলে।