পরীক্ষা আর্কাইভ

ডেইলি কুইজ [২০০ দিন]

পরীক্ষাডেইলি কুইজ [২০০ দিন]তারিখতারিখ অনির্ধারিতসময়13 minutes
মোট প্রশ্ন২৩
সিলেবাস
[নির্দেশিকা: এই রুটিনে সারাবছর জুড়ে পরীক্ষা চলমান থাকে। আপনি আজ ১ম পরীক্ষা দেওয়া শুরু করলে ২০০ দিনের মধ্যে পুরো সিলেবাস সম্পন্ন হবে।] Subject - English Language and Grammar Topics - Sentence and Transformation. [The Simple, Complex and Compound Sentence, The Active and Passive Voice, The Positive, Comparative and Superlative Degree] সোর্স: প্রচলিত যেকোনো গাইড বই, High School English Grammar and Composition by Wren and Martin, Advanced Learner's Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain, A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hossain, Applied English Grammar and Composition by P. C. Das, English Grammar in Use by Raymond Murphy, Cliffs TOEFL Dictionaries (Oxford, Cambridge, Merriam-Webster etc.) [সকল বই পড়া জরুরি নয়। গাইড বইয়ের পাশাপাশি উপর্যুক্ত বইগুলোর যেকোনো একটি বেছে নিন]
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

ডেইলি কুইজ [২০০ দিন]

ডেইলি কুইজ [২০০ দিন] · তারিখ অনির্ধারিত · ২৩ প্রশ্ন

.
We practice daily so that we can improve our skills. (Make it simple)
  1. We practice daily for improve our skills.
  2. We practice daily so improve our skills.
  3. We practice daily to improve our skills.
  4. We practice daily to be improve our skills.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Complex: We practice daily so that we can improve our skills.
- Simple: We practice daily to improve our skills.

• So that যুক্ত complex কে simple করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত sentence এর প্রথম থেকে so এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত বসে,
- so থেকে many/might/can/could পর্যন্ত উঠে যায়,
- to বসে,
- প্রদত্ত sentence এর বাকি অংশ বসে।

• More examples:
- Complex: He ran fast so that he could catch the bus.
- Simple: He ran fast to catch the bus.
.
The complex form of:
The boy was hungry, but he didn’t ask for food.
  1. As the boy was hungry, he didn’t ask for food.
  2. Although the boy was hungry, he didn’t ask for food.
  3. Since the boy was hungry, he didn’t ask for food.
  4. The boy was hungry, and he didn’t ask for food.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Compound Sentence: The boy was hungry, but he didn’t ask for food.
- Complex Sentence: Although the boy was hungry, he didn’t ask for food.

• But যুক্ত Compound Sentence কে Complex Sentence করার এর ক্ষেত্রে,
- প্রথমে Though/Although ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- তারপর ১ম clause টি বসে।
- but উঠে গিয়ে ২য় clause টি বসে।

• More Examples:
- Compound Sentence: The journey was challenging, but the destination was rewarding.
- Complex Sentence: Though the journey was challenging, the destination was rewarding.

• Complex Sentence:
→ যে sentence- এ একটি Principal Clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate Clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে।
→ Complex Sentence এর Subordinate Clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।
→ but দ্বারা দুইটি clause -এর contraction বোঝায়, তাই though, although (contraction) ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
→ Since/as/if দ্বারা contraction বোঝায় না।
.
Tutul was too weak to hike. (Make it compound)
  1. Tutul was so weak and could not hike.
  2. Tutul was very weak and can not hike.
  3. Tutul was very weak and could not hike.
  4. Tutul was very weak that could not hike.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Simple sentence: Tutul was too weak to hike.
- Compound sentence: Tutul was very weak and could not hike.

• Too + to যুক্ত Simple sentence কে Compound sentence এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- Subject + verb বসবে,
- প্রথমে Too এর পরিবর্তে very বসবে এবং to এর পরিবর্তে and বসবে,
- tense অনুযায়ী cannot/could not বসে,
- to এর পরের অংশ।

• More examples:
- Complex: He is too young to understand the problem.
- Compound: He is very young and cannot understand the problem.
.
The simple form of the sentence:
He didn't pass the interview although he had experience.
  1. Despite of him having experience, he didn't pass the interview.
  2. As he having experience, he didn't pass the interview.
  3. In spite of his having experience, he didn't pass the interview.
  4. In spite of his being experience, he didn't pass the interview.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Complex Sentence: He didn't pass the interview although he had experience.
- Simple Sentence: In spite of his having experience, he didn't pass the interview.

• Though/ Although Clause- এ has/ have/ had থাকলে সে ক্ষেত্রে Complex Sentence কে Simple Sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Though/ Although এর পরিবর্তে Despite/ Inspite of বসে।
- Subject অনুসারে এর Possessive form বসে।
- has/ have/ had এর পরিবর্তে having বসে।
- প্রদত্ত Sentence এর বাকী অংশ বসবে।

• More examples:
- Complex Sentence: She came to the class although she was sick.
- Simple Sentence: In spite of her being sick, she came to the class.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
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Having eaten lunch, he resumed work. (Make it complex)
  1. When he had eaten lunch, he resumed work.
  2. When he eat lunch, he resumed work.
  3. Because he eaten lunch, he resumed work.
  4. Since he ate lunch, he resumed work.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Simple: Having eaten lunch, he resumed work.
- Complex: When he had eaten lunch, he resumed work.

• Having + Verb এর past participle form যুক্ত Simple Sentence কে Complex Sentence এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমেই Having এর পরিবর্তে When বসে।
- তারপর Subject + had + Verb এর past participle form বসে।
- বাকী অংশ অপরিবর্তিতভাবে বসে।

• Structure: Having এর পরিবর্তে When বসে + Subject + had + Verb এর past participle form + বাকী অংশ।

• More examples:
- Simple: Having completed the task, she took a rest.
- Complex: When he had completed the task, she took a rest.

- Simple: Having finished the work, he left the office.
- Complex: When he had finished the work, he left the office.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
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The compound form of:
If you don’t apologize, we won’t forgive you.
  1. Unless you apologize and we won’t forgive you.
  2. Apologize or otherwise we won’t forgive you.
  3. Unless you don’t apologize or we won’t forgive you.
  4. Apologize or we won’t forgive you.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Complex: If you don’t apologize, we won’t forgive you.
- Compound: Apologize or we won’t forgive you.

• Complex Sentence-এর একটি clause যদি if you দ্বারা গঠিত হয় বা if clause হয় তাহলে নিম্নরূপে তাকে compound-এ রূপান্তরিত করতে হয়:
i) Complex sentence-টি affirmative বা হ্যাঁ-বোধক হয় তাহলে if you তুলে দিয়ে verb-এর পরে and বসাতে হয়।
ii) Complex sentence-টি negative বা না-বোধক হয় তাহলে if you do not তুলে দিয়ে verb-এর শেষে or বসাতে হয়।
iii) If যুক্ত Clause- Affirmative বা Negative যাই হোক না কেন, If যুক্ত Clause টি Affirmative Imperative হয়ে বসে।

• More examples:
- Complex: If you don't confirm your attendance, they will cancel the event. 
- Compound: Confirm your attendance or they will cancel the event

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
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He shouted loudly and drew everyone’s attention. (Change it to simple)
  1. Since shouting loudly, he drew everyone’s attention.
  2. By shouting loudly, he drew everyone’s attention.
  3. If he shouting loudly, he drew everyone’s attention.
  4. Having shouting loudly, he drew everyone’s attention.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Compound Sentence: He shouted loudly and drew everyone’s attention.
- Simple Sentence: By shouting loudly, he drew everyone’s attention.

• একটি simple sentence- এ শুধু মাত্র একটি clause থাকে অর্থাৎ, একটি subject এবং একটি finite verb থাকে।
- 'and' যুক্ত compound sentence কে simple sentence এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম-
- প্রথমে By + verb +ing, তারপর 'and' উঠিয়ে দিয়ে তার পরের clause টি বসে।

• More examples:
Compound Sentence: Cross that line and face the music.
Simple Sentence: By crossing that line you will face the music.

Compound Sentence: He opened the book and started reading.
Simple Sentence: By opening the book, he started reading.
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The box was too heavy to lift. (Complex)
  1. The box was very heavy that I can not lift it.
  2. The box was heavy but I could not lift it.
  3. The box was so heavy that I did not lift it.
  4. The box was so heavy that I could not lift it.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Simple: The box was too heavy to lift.
- Complex: The box was so heavy that I could not lift it.

• Too + --- + to যুক্ত Simple sentence- কে Complex sentence এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- Subject + verb এরপরে প্রথম too এর জায়গায় so বসে।
- Too + --- + to এর মাঝের Adjective word টি বসে।
- that বসে।
- প্রথম subject টি বসে।
- tense অনুযায়ী can not/ could not বসে।
- to উঠে যায় ।
- বাকী অংশ বসে।

• More example:
- Simple: Akash is too sick to go outside.
- Complex: Akash is so sick that he can not go outside.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
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Being late, she missed the bus. (Make it Compound)
  1. She was late yet missed the bus. 
  2. She was being late so she missed the bus. 
  3. She was late, and she missed the bus.
  4. Because she was late so that she missed the bus.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Simple: Being late, she missed the bus.
- Compound: She was late, and she missed the bus.

• Simple Sentence থেকে Compound Sentence:
- যদি Simple sentence-এ Present Participle Phrase (Verb + ing) ব্যবহার করে কারণ (Reason) বোঝানো হয়, তাহলে Compound sentence-এ রূপান্তর করার সময়
- Present Participle Phrase (Verb + ing)-কে Independent Clause-এ রূপান্তর করতে হবে।
- দুটি Independent Clause যুক্ত করতে and বা so ব্যবহার করতে হবে।

- অর্থাৎ যদি Simple Sentence-এ কোনো ব্যক্তির কাজ করার কারণ এবং তার ফলাফল উল্লেখ থাকে, তবে Compound Sentence-এ প্রথমে কারণ উল্লেখ করা হয় এবং তারপর ফলাফল-কে conjunction "and" দিয়ে যুক্ত করা হয়।

- সুতরাং Transformation Rule অনুসারে সঠিক Compound Sentence টি হবে: She was late, and she missed the bus. 

• More examples:
- Simple: Feeling tired, he went to bed early.
- Compound: He was feeling tired, so he went to bed early.
১০.
They have built a bridge.
What is the passive form?
  1. A bridge is being built by them.
  2. A bridge has been built by them.
  3. A bridge was built by them.
  4. A bridge was being built by them.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Active voice: They have built a bridge.
- Passive voice: A bridge has been built by them.

• Have/has/had + V3 যুক্ত Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Have/has/had + been হয়।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।

• More examples:
- Active voice: The author has written a new novel.
- Passive voice: A new novel has been written by the author.
১১.
The passive form of:
Were the boys flying kites?
  1. Were kites flown by the boys?
  2. Was kites being flown by the boys?
  3. Were kites been flown by the boys?
  4. Were kites being flown by the boys?
ব্যাখ্যা
- Active: Were the boys flying kites?
- Passive: Were kites being flown by the boys?

• Am/is/are/was/were +(verb+ing) যুক্ত Interrogative sentence কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Am/is/are/was/were বসে।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Auxiliary verb হিসেবে being বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- তারপর by + Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।

• Structure:
- Active: Am/Is/Are + Subject + (verb+ing) + object?
- Passive: Am/Is/Are + Subject + being + past participle of verb +by+object?

• More examples:
Active: Is she cooking dinner?
Passive: Is dinner being cooked by her?
১২.
Don’t write on the wall. (Change the voice)
  1. Let not the wall to be written on.
  2. Let not the wall been written on.
  3. Let not the wall be written on.
  4. Let the wall being not written on.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Active: Don’t write on the wall.
- Passive: Let not the wall be written on.

• Do not যুক্ত Imperative sentence এর Active voice থেকে passive এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let not বসবে।
- Active voice এর object টির subject রূপে বসবে।
- be বসবে।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসবে।

• Structure: Let not + object টির subject হয় + be + মূল verb এর past participle.

• Note: object টি pronoun হলে pronoun এর পরে not বসে।

• More examples:
Active Voice: Don't waste your efforts.
Passive Voice: Let not your efforts be wasted.
১৩.
They decided to start the meeting later. (Make it passive)
  1. They decided that the meeting should be started later.
  2. They decided that the meeting had been started later.
  3. They decided the meeting should have started later.
  4. The meeting should start later by them.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Active: They decided to start the meeting later.
- Passive: They decided that the meeting should be started later.

• Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- that বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের Object (direct object) বসবে।
- should be বসবে।
- infinitive এর past participle বসবে।

• More examples:
- Active: She determined to finish the task before sunset.
- Passive: She determined that the task should be finished before sunset.
১৪.
By whom was this picture painted? (Make it active)
  1. Who has painted this picture?
  2. Who painted this picture?
  3. By whom this picture was painted?
  4. This picture was painted by who?
ব্যাখ্যা
- Passive: By whom was this picture painted?
- Active: Who painted this picture?

• By whom যুক্ত Passive Voice-কে Active Voice করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Subject হিসেবে Who বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী verb বসে।
- Passive Voice -এর Subject - Object হয়ে বসবে।

• More examples:
- Passive: By whom was the letter written?
- Active: Who wrote the letter?

- Passive: By whom was the decision made?
- Active: Who made the decision?
১৫.
The passive voice of:
I know that she did the work.
  1. It was known to me that the work was done by her.
  2. It is known to me that the work has done by her.
  3. It is known to me that the work was done by her.
  4. It was known to me that the work had been done by her.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Active: I know that she did the work.
- Passive: It is known to me that the work was done by her.

• Complex/compound Sentence -এর voice পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- Complex/compound sentence -এর Active voice -কে passive করার সময় উভয় clause -এ যদি transitive verb থাকে তাহলে উভয়েরই voice পরিবর্তন করা হয়।
- তবে, transitive verb বিহীন অংশ থাকলে তা অপরবর্তিত থাকবে।
- প্রদত্ত বাক্যটির দ্বিতীয় অংশ ' she did the work' transitive verb আছে।
- তাই, এটিকেও passive করতে ব্যবহৃত হবে।
- এই রকম ক্ষেত্রে দুইভাবে passive করা হয়ে থাকে।

• প্রথমে ২য় অংশটিকে (It) ধরে।
- প্রদত্ত Complex Sentence টির প্রথম অংশ (I know) present Indefinite tense -এ আছে,
- known -এর পর Passive Voice -এ by না বসে to বসে।
- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী প্রথম অংশ It is known to me হবে।

- আবার ২য় অংশের ক্ষেত্রে 'that she did the work' এর passive হবে- that the work was done by her.

• More examples:
Active: I found that his story was false.
Passive: It was found by me that his story was false.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
১৬.
You should check your answer. (Make it passive)
  1. Answer should be checked.
  2. Your answer should have checked.
  3. Your answer should check by you.
  4. Your answer should be checked.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Active: You should check your answer.
- Passive: Your answer should be checked.

• May, might, can, could, shall, should, will, would, must, ought to, used to, ইত্যাদি modal auxiliary যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার সময়-
- Active এর object, subject হিসাবে বসে।
- তারপর modal auxiliary টি বসে।
- এর পরে be বসে।
- তার পরেই মূল verb টির Past Participle বসে।
- by + active এর subject object হিসাবে বসে।

• More examples:
- Active voice: You must shut these doors.
- Passive voice: These doors must be shut.
১৭.
The passive form of:
The flower smells sweet.
  1. The flower is sweet when it is smelled.
  2. The flower is sweet as it is smelled.
  3. The flower being sweet is smelled.
  4. The flower are sweet to smell.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Active: The flower smells sweet.
- Passive: The flower is sweet when it is smelled.

-প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি একটি Quasi Passive Voice -এর উদাহরণ।

• Feel, look, smell, read, write, taste, sell, ইত্যাদি Quasi-Passive verb গুলোর পরে complement থাকলে Passive করার নিয়ম-
• এই ধরনের Active voice -কে দুই ভাবে passive করা যায়:
1) Active voice -এর subject টিই passive voice -এর subject হিসেবে বসে + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + complement টি বসে + when + প্রথম subject অনুযায়ী if/ they বসে + আবারো tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + মূল verb এর past participle.
- যেমন:
- Active: The flower smells sweet.
- Passive: The flower is sweet when it is smelled.

2) Active voice -এর subject টিই passive voice -এর subject হিসেবে বসে + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + মূল verb এর past participle + complement টি বসে।
- যেমন:
- The book reads difficult.
- The book is read difficult.

• সাধারণ passive structure টি হলো -
- Subject + be verb + complement + when (if) + it/they + be verb + V3.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
১৮.
The comparative form of:
Mr. Kadir is the oldest man in the village.
  1. Mr. Kadir is older than most other man in the village.
  2. Mr. Kadir is older than any other man in the village.
  3. Mr. Kadir is older than many other man in the village.
  4. No other man is more older than Mr. Kadir in the village.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Superlative: Mr. Kadir is the oldest man in the village.
- Comparative: Mr. Kadir is older than any other man in the village.

• শুধু the যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Superlative Subject + Verb,
- The উঠে যাবে,
- Superlative এর Comparative form বসবে।
- than any other (singular noun) / than all other (plural noun) বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।

• More Examples:
- Superlative: She is the fastest runner in the group.
- Comparative: She is faster than any other runner in the group.
১৯.
No sooner had he sat down to eat than the phone rang. (Make it positive)
  1. Hardly he sat down to eat, then the phone rang.
  2. As soon as he sat down to eat, the phone has rung.
  3. As soon as he sat down to eat, the phone rang.
  4. When he sat down to eat, the phone had rung.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Comparative: No sooner had he sat down to eat than the phone rang.
- Positive: As soon as he sat down to eat, the phone rang.

• Comparative এ No sooner had …… than থাকলে As soon as বসিয়ে positive করা হয়।
- Sooner comparative form এর positive form soon বসে এবং than উঠিয়ে দেয়া হয় এবং as .... as যোগ হয়।
- As soon as যুক্ত sentence টি এরপর শুধু comma বসে।
- দুইটি clause ই past indefinite এ হয়।

• More Example: 
- Comparative: No sooner had he graduated than he got a job.
- Positive: As soon as he graduated, he got a job.
২০.
No other student is so brilliant as Meherin in the class. (Superlative)
  1. Meherin is the most brilliant student in the class.
  2. Meherin is the most brilliant students in the class.
  3. Meherin is one of the most brilliant students in the class.
  4. Meherin is the brilliant student in the class.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Positive: No other student is so brilliant as Meherin in the class.
- Superlative: Meherin is the most brilliant student in the class.

• No other যুক্ত Positive Degree কে Superlative করতে হলে-
- প্রথমে No other বাদ যাবে।
- Object - Subject হয়ে বসবে।
- এরপর the + superlative degree বসবে।
- এর পাশাপাশি Subject - Object হয়ে বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।

• More examples:
- Positive: No other person is so/as good as Asif in the team.
- Superlative: Asif is the best person in the team.
২১.
The positive form of:
This question is more difficult than all other questions in the exam.
  1. Very few questions in the exam are so difficult as this one.
  2. No other question in the exam is so difficult as this one.
  3. No other questions in the exam is more difficult as this one.
  4. This question in the exam is so difficult as that one.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Comparative: This question is more difficult than all other questions in the exam.
- Positive: No other question in the exam is so difficult as this one.

• Than any other/Than all other যুক্ত Comparative Degree-কে Positive Degree-তে রূপান্তরের নিয়ম-
(1) প্রথমে No other বসে +
(ii) any other বা all other এর পরের অংশ বসে+
(iii) verb বসে+ (iv) so বসে +
(v) Comparative Degree এর Positive form বসে +(vi) as বসে+
(vii) প্রদত্ত Sentence এর subject বসে।

• More examples:
Comparative: The Burj Khalifa is taller than all other buildings in the world.
Positive: No other building in the world is so tall as the Burj Khalifa.
২২.
The superlative form of:
He is more hardworking than any other employee in the office.
  1. He is one of the most hardworking employees in the office.
  2. He is one of the most hardworking employee in the office.
  3. He is the most hardworking employee in the office.
  4. He is the hardworking employee in the office.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Comparative: He is more hardworking than any other employee in the office.
- Superlative: He is the most hardworking employee in the office.

• 'Than any other/ than all other' যুক্ত Comparative sentence কে Superlative করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে subject +verb বসবে।
- তারপর comparative এর Superlative form বসবে।
- Than any other/ Than all other বাদ যাবে এবং এরপর তার বাকি অংশ টি বসবে।

• More examples:
- Comparative: Jupiter is larger than any other planet in our solar system.
- Superlative: Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system.
২৩.
This novel is as popular as the previous one. (Make it comparative)
  1. The previous one is not less popular than this novel.
  2. This novel is not popular than the previous one.
  3. The previous one is no less popular than this novel.
  4. This novel is not less popular than the previous one.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Positive: This novel is as popular as the previous one.
- Comparative: This novel is not less popular than the previous one.

• As + adjective + as যুক্ত positive sentence কে দুইভাবে comparative করা যায়: 
- Subject +verb ঠিক থাকে এবং not less+ positive degree বসে।
- যেমন: 
Positive: The mangoes of Rajshahi are as tasty as those of Chapainawabganj.
Comparative: The mangoes of Rajshahi are not less tasty than those of Chapainawabganj.

• অথবা, Object- Subject হয়ে বসে + not + comparative degree বসে।
- যেমন: 
Positive: She is as intelligent as her brother.
Comparative: Her brother is not more intelligent than she.