ব্যাংক নিয়োগ প্রস্তুতি ⎯ লং কোর্স

Transputer : is a microprocessor with integral memory designed for parallel processing, for scientific, real-time control and AI applications.
It contains a CPU, memory and communications capability all in a single chip.

The full form of ASCII is American standard code for information interchange which has nearly 0-256 codes.
Example: A has 65 ASCII code.

Visual display unit (VDU) or video display terminal (VDT): any device used with computers to display images.
It typically consists of a computer monitor or similar display device and a keyboard, and could also include a mouse.
For example, a flat panel display and a projector are both examples of VDUs.
So, it is a peripheral device.

COBOL : used in business, finance, and administrative systems for companies and governments.
PASCAL : encourage good programming practices using structured programming and data structuring.
FORTRAN (FORmula Translation): it was designed to allow easy translation of mathematical formulas into code.

Access time is related to the time taken to access a piece of information from the memory, let it the RAM or anything else.
Seek time is related to the Storage Disks. It is the time taken by the head to get to the required position from the current position in order to read the data.
I don't know the exact meaning of the Real Time, but according to what I read, real time is relative to the user than any system. If a user requests for any service, in what time does it get serviced is Real Time.
So, Effective Time make more sense here. Given an equipment that you are working on, how long will it work for is its effective usage time.

A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer with a microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU).
It includes a microprocessor, memory, and input/output (I/O) facilities. Microcomputers became popular in the 1970s and 80s with the advent of increasingly powerful microprocessors.

A compiler is that converts source code to bytecode & interpreter is that which converts bytecode to machine code (known as low level language or 0 & 1), that computer can understand.
Compiler & interpreter both comes in program.

32 bits = (4x8) bits.
8 bits equals a byte.
Therefore 32 bits = 4 multiples of byte.= 4bytes.

Solid-state display technology : refers to electronic components, devices, and systems based entirely on the semiconductor.
Integrated circuit (IC), the light-emitting diode (LED), and liquid-crystal display (LCD) are examples of solid-state devices.

Sequential access memory (SAM) : is data storage devices that read stored data in a sequence. This is in contrast to RAM where data can be accessed in any order. SAM devices are usually a form of magnetic storage.
So it is not a memory component of a PC, it is a secondary storage devices.

Adder : is a unit which adds together two input variables.
Half-adder can only add the inputs together.
Full-adder can add a bit carried from another addition as well as the two inputs.

First generation of computers : started in 1946 with ENIAC, the first 'computer' to use electronic valves (ie. Vacuum tubes).
Second Generation (1956-1963) : Transistors replace vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers.
Third generation (1965-1971) : used integrated circuits (IC's) in place of transistors. A single IC has many transistors, resistors and capacitors along with the associated circuitry.
The fourth generation computers : uses microprocessor, microprocessor is a silicon chip contains millions of transistors. These computers uses LSI (Large Scale Integration) and VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) technology. That was designed using LSI and VLSI technology.
Fifth generation computing devices : based on artificial intelligence, some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today.
The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality.

1 byte = 8 bit,
1 kilobit = 125 byte,
1 Megabit = 125,000 byte,
1 Megabyte = 1,000,000 byte. (10⁶ byte)

2's complement number of (110010)=001110
because 1's complement of 110010=001101
and 2's complement is 001101+1=001110

Computer - Input Devices
Keyboard.
Mouse.
Joy Stick.
Light pen.
Track Ball.
Scanner.
Graphic Tablet.
Microphone.