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৪৯তম বিসিএস ⎯ ফলিত রসায়ন [৫৪১]

পরীক্ষা৪৯তম বিসিএস ⎯ ফলিত রসায়ন [৫৪১]তারিখতারিখ অনির্ধারিতসময়15 minutes
মোট প্রশ্ন৩০
সিলেবাস
Exam - 02 Topics: Chemical Technological Processes, Feasibility Study and Chemical Process Industries 1. Design and implementation of a chemical project. 2. Fundamentals of Chemicals Industries. 3. Importance of Chemical Technology for Industry. 4. Pre-conditions for setting up of a new Chemical Industry. 5. Problems of Chemical Process Industries in Bangladesh and their solutions. [Source: Class - 01 and Relevant Books]
প্রশ্ন দেখুনঅনুশীলন
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

৪৯তম বিসিএস ⎯ ফলিত রসায়ন [৫৪১]

৪৯তম বিসিএস ⎯ ফলিত রসায়ন [৫৪১] · তারিখ অনির্ধারিত · ৩০ প্রশ্ন

১.
What is the initial stage in the development of a chemical engineering project?
  1. ক
    Construction and installation
  2. খ
    Feasibility analysis and project evaluation
  3. গ
    Procurement of major equipment
  4. ঘ
    Plant start-up and commissioning
ব্যাখ্যা

A feasibility study in chemical engineering is a preliminary evaluation of a proposed chemical process or plant to determine if it is technically, economically, and environmentally viable before full-scale implementation. It typically includes:
1. Technical Feasibility – Checks if the process can be designed and operated using available technology and resources.

2. Economic Feasibility – Estimates capital and operating costs, profitability (ROI, payback period), and market potential.

3. Environmental & Safety Feasibility – Ensures compliance with regulations, safety standards, and waste management practices.

Purpose: To decide whether the project should proceed to detailed design and construction, preventing costly failures and ensuring sustainability.

২.
Which document outlines the overall plan and purpose of a chemical project?
  1. ক
    Project charter
  2. খ
    Utility diagram
  3. গ
    Process flow diagram
  4. ঘ
    P&ID
ব্যাখ্যা
Project Charter – This is the official document that defines the overall plan, purpose, scope, objectives, key stakeholders, and high-level requirements of a project. It is prepared in the early phase and authorizes the project to start.

Utility Diagram – Focuses only on the layout and distribution of utilities like steam, cooling water, and compressed air within the plant, not the overall plan or purpose.

Process Flow Diagram (PFD) – Shows process steps, equipment, and material flow, but it is technical in nature and does not cover the overall purpose or project scope.

P&ID (Piping & Instrumentation Diagram) – Gives detailed piping, valves, and instrumentation for process control and operation, not the project’s overall objectives.
৩.
Which of the following is a critical path method tool used in project scheduling?
  1. ক
    SWOT analysis
  2. খ
    Gantt chart
  3. গ
    PERT/CPM
  4. ঘ
    FMEA
ব্যাখ্যা
 PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) / CPM (Critical Path Method) – These are network-based project management tools used to identify the critical path, which determines the minimum time required to complete a project. They help in scheduling, sequencing activities, and managing dependencies.

SWOT Analysis – A strategic planning tool to assess Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats, not for scheduling.

Gantt Chart – A bar chart used for visualizing project timelines and progress, but it does not calculate the critical path.

FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis) – A risk analysis tool to identify potential failures and their impacts, not related to scheduling.

So, PERT/CPM is the tool specifically used for critical path determination and project scheduling.
৪.
Which document helps estimate the total project cost?
  1. ক
    Block diagram
  2. খ
    Bill of Quantities (BOQ)
  3. গ
    PERT chart
  4. ঘ
    Site map
ব্যাখ্যা
Block Diagram – Shows only basic process steps or layout, not cost details.

Bill of Quantities (BOQ) – A detailed document listing materials, equipment, and quantities required, along with their estimated costs. It is a key tool for estimating the total project cost.

PERT Chart – Used for project scheduling and timeline analysis, not cost estimation.

Site Map – Represents the layout or geographical location of the plant/site, not the project cost.

So, BOQ (Bill of Quantities) is prepared during the planning phase to estimate the total project cost accurately.
৫.
A pilot plant is typically set up to:
  1. ক
    Market the product
  2. খ
    Train labor
  3. গ
    Evaluate process feasibility at small scale
  4. ঘ
    Reduce taxes
ব্যাখ্যা
A pilot plant is a small-scale version of an industrial chemical plant built to test the process under real operating conditions before full-scale implementation. It is larger than laboratory experiments but smaller than a commercial plant, typically 1/100 to 1/1000 of full scale. The main purposes are to validate process design, optimize operating conditions, gather data for scale-up, and identify potential problems related to safety, control, and economics. Pilot plants help reduce risks and improve reliability before investing in a full-scale plant.
৬.
Which department is most involved in process control during a project’s operation phase?
  1. ক
    Marketing
  2. খ
    Civil
  3. গ
    FINANCE
  4. ঘ
    Production/Operations
ব্যাখ্যা
 Production/Operations Department – This department is responsible for running the plant, monitoring process variables, and ensuring product quality during the operation phase. They handle process control, troubleshooting, and efficiency optimization.

Marketing – Deals with product sales and market strategies, not process control.

Civil – Concerned with construction and structural works, mainly during the design and construction phase, not operation.

Finance – Manages budgeting and cost control, not technical process control.
৭.
Which of the following statements about the chloro-alkali industry is TRUE?
  1. ক
    The membrane cell process produces chlorine and hydrogen without any by-products.
  2. খ
    The diaphragm cell process requires asbestos as a separator and produces very pure caustic soda.
  3. গ
    The mercury cell process poses environmental hazards due to mercury emissions.
  4. ঘ
    All three processes (mercury, diaphragm, and membrane) produce chlorine by electrolyzing aqueous sodium carbonate solution.
ব্যাখ্যা

ক) Incorrect: Membrane cell process does produce by-products (main products are chlorine, hydrogen, and caustic soda).

খ) Incorrect: Diaphragm cells use asbestos as a separator, but the caustic soda produced is not very pure; it contains salt.

গ) Correct: Mercury cell process causes mercury pollution, making it environmentally hazardous, and is being phased out.

ঘ) Incorrect: All processes electrolyze aqueous sodium chloride (brine), not sodium carbonate solution.

৮.
The production of ammonia uses the:
  1. ক
    Solvay process
  2. খ
    Bayer process
  3. গ
    Contact process
  4. ঘ
    Haber-Bosch process
ব্যাখ্যা
Haber-Bosch process is the industrial method for synthesizing ammonia (NH3) from nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) gases under high temperature (400–500 °C) and high pressure (150–300 atm) using an iron-based catalyst.

Solvay process → Used for producing sodium carbonate (soda ash) from sodium chloride and limestone.

Bayer process → Used for extracting alumina (Al2O3) from bauxite ore.

Contact process → Used for manufacturing sulfuric acid (H2SO4) by oxidizing SO2 to SO3 using a vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) catalyst.
৯.
A continuous process is more suitable when:
  1. ক
    Demand is low
  2. খ
    Product variety is high
  3. গ
    Small-scale production is needed
  4. ঘ
    Large quantities of a single product are produced
ব্যাখ্যা
A continuous process is designed for mass production of standardized products where:
Production runs non-stop for long periods.
High fixed costs are spread over a large output.
Automation and process control make it cost-effective for high demand, low variety products.

Other options:

ক) Demand is low → Continuous processes require high demand to justify cost.

খ) Product variety is high → Not feasible; changing setups frequently would break continuity.

গ) Small-scale production is needed → Not economical because of high initial investment.
১০.
Which of the following BEST illustrates the strategic importance of chemical technology for modern industries? 
  1. ক
    It reduces the dependence on renewable resources for manufacturing
  2. খ
    It enables value addition to raw materials and supports process integration across sectors
  3. গ
    It focuses primarily on producing laboratory-scale products with maximum purity
  4. ঘ
    It eliminates the need for energy management in industrial processes
ব্যাখ্যা
Chemical technology is vital because it:
** Converts raw materials (like crude oil, ores, biomass) into high-value products (fuels, polymers, specialty chemicals).
** Integrates processes across multiple industries (petrochemical, pharmaceutical, fertilizer, etc.).
** Improves energy efficiency and sustainability.

Other Options:
ক) Wrong → Chemical technology increases efficiency, often reducing non-renewable resource use, not increasing dependence.
গ) Wrong → Industrial focus is large-scale production, not just lab-scale purity.
ঘ) Wrong → Energy management is critical; chemical technology often aims to optimize energy usage, not eliminate it.
১১.
In the context of industrial competitiveness, which of the following BEST explains why chemical technology is considered a key enabler for sustainable growth? 
  1. ক
    It focuses exclusively on minimizing raw material costs to maintain profitability
  2. খ
    It drives process innovations that enhance resource efficiency, product diversity, and environmental compliance
  3. গ
    It allows industries to outsource core operations without affecting product quality
  4. ঘ
    It eliminates the role of thermodynamics and kinetics in large-scale production
ব্যাখ্যা
Importance of Chemical Technology:
1. Enables process optimization (energy savings, yield improvement).
2. Supports product diversification (e.g., petrochemicals → plastics → specialty chemicals).
3. Meets environmental regulations (e.g., cleaner processes, waste minimization).

Other Options:
ক) Cost control is important but not the sole reason for strategic importance.
গ) Outsourcing does not define chemical technology's role; core competence still matters.
ঘ) Thermodynamics and kinetics remain fundamental to chemical process design.
১২.
In a modern petrochemical complex, chemical technology contributes to process intensification primarily by what?
  1. ক
    Reducing the overall number of chemical reactions required
  2. খ
    Replacing all heat exchangers with mechanical mixers
  3. গ
    Combining multiple unit operations into a single integrated system to improve efficiency
  4. ঘ
    Eliminating the need for catalysts in high-temperature reactions
ব্যাখ্যা
Process intensification = making processes more compact, efficient, and energy-saving.

Examples: Reactive distillation (reaction + separation), membrane reactors.

Why not others?

ক) The number of reactions is determined by chemistry, not just technology.

খ) Heat exchangers are still critical; mechanical mixers cannot replace thermal duties.

ঘ) Catalysts are even more important in intensified processes, not less.
১৩.
Use of catalysts in a chemical process:
  1. ক
    Slows down the reaction
  2. খ
    Speeds up the reaction
  3. গ
    Increases energy consumption
  4. ঘ
    Is illegal in production
ব্যাখ্যা
A catalyst provides an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy, which makes the reaction faster without being consumed in the process.

Catalysts do not:
Change the equilibrium position (only speed up reaching it).
Increase overall energy consumption; in fact, they often reduce energy requirements.
Violate any legal aspect of production—they are essential in industrial chemistry.
১৪.
Chemical process automation generally results in:
  1. ক
    Increased labor requirements
  2. খ
    Reduced product consistency
  3. গ
    Random product quality
  4. ঘ
    Improved safety and control
ব্যাখ্যা
Chemical process automation uses systems like PLC, DCS, and SCADA to control operations automatically. 
This provides:
Improved Safety: Automation reduces human error and includes features like alarms and emergency shutdown systems, which prevent accidents in hazardous conditions.
Better Control: Parameters such as temperature, pressure, and flow are maintained within limits, ensuring smooth and stable operations.
Consistent Quality: Automated control avoids fluctuations, giving uniform product quality.

Why others are wrong:
ক) Higher labor requirements: Automation reduces manual intervention, so labor needs decrease.
খ) Lower product consistency: It actually increases consistency.
গ) Random product quality: Automation eliminates randomness, ensuring precision.
১৫.
Which technology helps in separation of components based on boiling points?
  1. ক
    Distillation
  2. খ
    Adsorption
  3. গ
    Sedimentation
  4. ঘ
    Filtration
ব্যাখ্যা

ক) Distillation is a separation process that works by exploiting differences in boiling points of components in a mixture. When the mixture is heated, the component with the lower boiling point vaporizes first and is then condensed back to liquid for separation.

খ) Adsorption: Separates based on surface adhesion, not boiling points.

গ) Sedimentation: Uses density differences under gravity, not boiling points.

ঘ) Filtration: Separates solids from liquids using a porous medium, unrelated to boiling points.

১৬.
Which of the following is a major contribution of nanotechnology to chemical processes?
  1. ক
    It limits catalyst activity by reducing surface area  
  2. খ
    It enables creation of highly efficient catalysts and novel materials
  3. গ
    It focuses on making very large macromolecules only
  4. ঘ
    It primarily reduces process efficiency
ব্যাখ্যা
Nanotechnology improves chemical processes by creating nano-sized catalysts with high surface area, which speeds up reactions and reduces energy use. It also helps develop advanced materials with better strength, selectivity, and durability for industrial applications.

Other options:

ক) Wrong because nanotechnology increases surface area.

গ) Wrong because it works on small-scale structures, not large ones.

ঘ) Wrong because it increases efficiency, not reduces it.
১৭.
What is the role of simulation software in chemical technology?
  1. ক
    Compliance reporting and regulatory documentation
  2. খ
    Dynamic process modeling, optimization, and predictive analysis
  3. গ
    Structural packaging design for hazardous materials
  4. ঘ
    Market demand forecasting and trend analysis
ব্যাখ্যা
Simulation software (e.g., Aspen Plus, HYSYS, CHEMCAD) is widely used in chemical technology to:

1. Model chemical processes before actual implementation.
2. Optimize operations by adjusting parameters (temperature, pressure, flow rates) to reduce costs and improve efficiency.
3. Predict performance under different operating conditions without physical trials, saving time and resources.
১৮.
Which factor influences location selection of a chemical plant?
  1. ক
    Proximity to market
  2. খ
    Availability of water and utilities
  3. গ
    Transportation facilities
  4. ঘ
    All of the above
ব্যাখ্যা
The location of a chemical plant greatly affects production cost, efficiency, and profitability. Key factors include:

1. Availability of Raw Materials: Plants are usually near raw material sources to reduce transportation costs and ensure continuous supply.

2. Proximity to Market: Being close to customers lowers distribution costs and improves delivery time.

3. Transportation Facilities: Good road, rail, water, or pipeline connections are essential for moving raw materials and products.

4. Utilities: Reliable supply of water, power, steam, and fuel is critical for operations.

5. Labor Availability: Skilled and unskilled labor must be accessible at reasonable cost.

6. Environmental and Safety Regulations: Location must comply with legal norms and minimize impact on residential areas.

7. Waste Disposal: Easy and safe disposal of effluents and solid waste is necessary. etc.
১৯.
Which of the following is a financial precondition for a chemical project?
  1. ক
    Capital investment availability
  2. খ
     Plant elevation
  3. গ
    Labor laws
  4. ঘ
    Choice of catalyst
ব্যাখ্যা
A financial precondition means a monetary requirement that must be met before starting a chemical project. The availability of capital investment is essential to fund plant construction, equipment purchase, raw materials, and working capital. Without sufficient funds, the project cannot proceed.

Other Options:

খ) Plant elevation: This is a design factor, not financial.
গ) Labor laws: These are legal/regulatory factors, not financial preconditions.
ঘ) Choice of catalyst: This is a technical decision, not financial.
২০.
Which of the following best describes the core objective of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) under international environmental law?
  1. ক
    To calculate financial feasibility of environmentally friendly projects
  2. খ
    To predict, evaluate, and mitigate adverse environmental impacts before project approval
  3. গ
    To issue environmental compliance certificates after project completion
  4. ঘ
    To design alternative products that are eco-friendly
ব্যাখ্যা
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a planned approach to evaluate the potential environmental effects of a proposed project before implementation. It helps in predicting impacts on air, water, soil, flora, fauna, and human health, ensuring that the project is environmentally sustainable.

EIA also provides mitigation measures to minimize negative impacts and recommends alternatives if necessary. It is a legal requirement in most countries for large industrial projects, including chemical plants, to maintain compliance with environmental laws.
২১.
Which of the following is a primary consideration before selecting a location for a chemical industry?
  1. ক
    Proximity to major cultural and recreational hubs
  2. খ
    Accessibility to skilled labor and social infrastructure
  3. গ
    Consistent and economical availability of essential raw materials
  4. ঘ
    Government-sponsored trade fairs and promotional events
ব্যাখ্যা
The availability of raw materials is the most important consideration when choosing a location for a chemical industry. Raw materials should be readily accessible and economically transported to the plant to ensure continuous production. Proximity to raw material sources helps in reducing transportation costs, avoiding delays, and maintaining steady supply, which directly impacts the overall cost and efficiency of operations.
২২.
Why is availability of skilled manpower important before setting up a chemical industry?
  1. ক
    It helps in reducing land costs
  2. খ
    It ensures efficient and safe operations
  3. গ
    It increases the need for foreign experts
  4. ঘ
    It reduces the cost of raw materials
ব্যাখ্যা
Skilled manpower is essential in a chemical industry because trained personnel can operate complex equipment, handle hazardous chemicals safely, and maintain process efficiency. Lack of skilled workers can lead to operational errors, accidents, and reduced productivity.

Other Options:

ক) Reducing land costs: Workforce has no impact on land pricing.

গ) Increases need for foreign experts: Skilled manpower actually reduces this need.

ঘ) Reduces cost of raw materials: Raw material costs depend on suppliers, not labor skills.
২৩.
Which of the following is a legal prerequisite before starting a chemical manufacturing unit?
  1. ক
    Membership of a political party
  2. খ
    Environmental clearance from regulatory authorities
  3. গ
    Import license for machinery
  4. ঘ
    Contract with foreign investors
ব্যাখ্যা
Before starting a chemical manufacturing unit, obtaining environmental clearance is a mandatory legal requirement to ensure the project does not harm the environment. This involves an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and compliance with pollution control norms set by regulatory bodies.

Why others are wrong:

ক) Membership of a political party: Not required for any legal or industrial approval.

গ) Import license for machinery: Needed only if importing equipment, not a universal legal prerequisite.

ঘ) Contract with foreign investors: Optional, based on business strategy, not a legal requirement.
২৪.
What role does infrastructure play in setting up a chemical industry?
  1. ক
    It provides necessary logistics like water, electricity, and transport
  2. খ
    It determines the color of packaging
  3. গ
    It controls the brand value
  4. ঘ
    It helps in advertising
ব্যাখ্যা
Infrastructure is the foundation on which a chemical industry operates. It provides essential facilities like:

1. Power Supply: Continuous electricity for running reactors, pumps, and safety systems.

2. Water Availability: Required for cooling, steam generation, and various processes.

3. Transportation: Roads, railways, and ports for the movement of raw materials and finished products.

4. Waste Management Systems: For safe disposal and treatment of effluents to meet environmental norms.

5. Communication Networks: For process monitoring and coordination.

Without proper infrastructure, operations become costly, inefficient, and unsafe, affecting both production and compliance.
২৫.
One major challenge faced by chemical industries in Bangladesh is:
  1. ক
    Excess of skilled labor
  2. খ
    Shortage of high-quality raw materials
  3. গ
    Overregulation by environmental agencies
  4. ঘ
    Too much automation
ব্যাখ্যা
One of the primary challenges faced by chemical industries in Bangladesh is the shortage of high-quality raw materials. Many essential raw materials used in chemical production, such as petrochemicals, specialty chemicals, and high-grade solvents, are not produced locally in sufficient quantities or with the required purity standards.

As a result, industries must import a significant portion of their raw materials, which creates several problems:

** Increased Production Cost: Importing raw materials adds transportation costs, customs duties, and currency exchange fluctuations.

** Supply Chain Delays: Global shipping issues or political instability can cause delays, affecting plant operations.

** Quality Variability: Dependence on multiple foreign suppliers can lead to inconsistency in quality, impacting final product standards.

This heavy reliance on imports makes the chemical industry in Bangladesh less competitive, slows down industrial growth, and creates vulnerability to global price changes.
২৬.
What is the major consequence of poor waste management in chemical industries?
  1. ক
    Increased environmental pollution and risk of legal penalties
  2. খ
    Improved chances of winning export contracts
  3. গ
    Reduction in raw material requirements
  4. ঘ
    Faster production and higher efficiency
ব্যাখ্যা
When chemical industries fail to manage waste properly, hazardous effluents and toxic by-products often end up in rivers, soil, and the atmosphere. This causes severe environmental damage, public health risks, and attracts regulatory action, such as fines or even plant closures. Poor waste management also damages a company’s reputation, making it harder to compete in markets with strict environmental standards.

Why others are wrong:

খ) Exports suffer, not improve, because global buyers prefer eco-friendly producers.

গ) Waste management doesn’t reduce raw material needs; it only deals with residues.

ঘ) Inefficient waste handling can disrupt operations and increase costs, not speed up production.
২৭.
 What is one viable solution to energy shortages in Bangladesh’s chemical industries?
  1. ক
    Relying solely on coal
  2. খ
    Importing oil from neighboring countries
  3. গ
     Ignoring power issues during production planning
  4. ঘ
    Investing in renewable energy and energy-efficient technologies
ব্যাখ্যা

A practical and sustainable solution to energy shortages in chemical industries is to adopt renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and biomass, combined with energy-efficient technologies. These measures help reduce dependence on fossil fuels, minimize greenhouse gas emissions, and lower long-term operating costs. Additionally, they support environmental compliance and enhance the industry's image as eco-friendly, ensuring both economic and environmental sustainability

২৮.
How does the lack of R&D facilities impact chemical industries in Bangladesh? 
  1. ক
    It reduces the need for advertisements
  2. খ
    It limits innovation and delays technology advancement
  3. গ
    It directly lowers worker salaries
  4. ঘ
    It boosts political influence in the sector
ব্যাখ্যা

R&D (Research and Development) is essential for creating new products, improving process efficiency, and introducing modern technologies. Without strong R&D facilities, chemical industries become technologically stagnant, heavily dependent on imports, and less competitive in the global market.

Why others are wrong:

ক) Advertising depends on marketing, not R&D.

গ) Labor costs are not influenced by research capability.

ঘ) Political influence has nothing to do with technological development.

২৯.
Which policy initiative would most effectively ensure the sustainable growth of Bangladesh’s chemical industry?  
  1. ক
    Strong government-industry partnerships for infrastructure development and skill training
  2. খ
    Restricting foreign investment in the chemical sector
  3. গ
    Eliminating all taxes on chemical products
  4. ঘ
    Completely removing environmental and safety regulations
ব্যাখ্যা
Long-term sustainability in the chemical sector depends on robust infrastructure, skilled workforce, and access to modern technology. A partnership between government and industry can deliver these by investing in transport, energy facilities, R&D centers, and technical education programs. This improves competitiveness and ensures compliance with environmental and safety standards.
৩০.
What is a major factor limiting the global competitiveness of Bangladesh’s chemical industry? 
  1. ক
    Excess production for the domestic market
  2. খ
    Absence of strong international branding and recognized quality certifications
  3. গ
    Over-automation compared to global standards
  4. ঘ
    High international demand for Bangladeshi chemicals
ব্যাখ্যা
Bangladesh’s chemical industry struggles to compete globally primarily due to weak international branding and the lack of globally accepted quality certifications such as ISO, GMP, and REACH. These certifications are critical for entering high-value markets and gaining buyer trust. Without them, even competitively priced products fail to secure international clients.

Why others are incorrect:

ক) Domestic oversupply is not the issue; global compliance and branding are.

গ) The industry actually suffers from low automation, not excessive automation.

ঘ) While demand exists internationally, Bangladeshi products fail to meet compliance requirements.