ডেইলি কুইজ [২০০ দিন]

The correct answer is: Infinitive 

"to invite" is an infinitive. 
- An infinitive is the word “to” + a verb’s root. 

কোন বাক্যে infinitive দুই ভাবে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে: 
1. Noun হিসেবে। যেমন: To err is human/ To swim is a good exercise. 
2. Adjective হিসেবে। যেমন: I brought us some lemonade to drink with lunch. 

প্রদত্ত বাক্যের to invite একটি infinitive এবং এটা Noun হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে । 

অপরদিকে, 
- Non-finite verb বাক্যে ব্যবহৃত হয়, without the verb having a tense.
- অর্থাৎ,  নির্দিষ্ট কাল এর অর্থ প্রকাশ করে না। 
- Non-finite verb এর তিনটি প্রধান রুপ আছে: 
যেমন: 
To open, tear off the tab. (Infinitive)
Looking around, he noticed a letter on the floor. (Gerund)
Worn out by the heat, they stopped for a drink. (Participle)

Source: British Council Learning Website
             Collins Dictionary.com
             Cambridge Dictionary, Grammar reference.  

 

 

Here, send is a transitive verb. 

Transitive verbs এর সাধারণ Structure  হচ্ছে : subject + verb + object

- Transitive verbs involve not only the subject, but also someone or something else, the object. অর্থাৎ Transitive verb এর কেবল subject নয় বরং এক বা একাধিক Object ‍ও থাকবে। 

যেমন: She has many friends, but (she) admires Victoria most.

 নিচের transitive verb গুলোর দুটো Object আছে। একটি প্রত্যক্ষ অপরটি পরোক্ষ: 
- She brought me my breakfast in bed on a silver tray.

অপরদিকে, 

Intransitive verb এর সাধারণ Structure  হচ্ছে: subject + verb
- If an action concerns only one person or thing, you mention only the person or thing that carries out the action (the subject) and the action itself (the verb).
- Verbs which describe such actions are called intransitive verbs, e.g. I waited and waited, but nobody came.

Source: Cliffs TOEFL 

সঠিক উত্তর হলো: Causative verb

- When the master does his own thing, it is called a Simple Verb.
- But when the master does something to someone; such as showing, teaching, feeding, etc., then the verb is called the Causative Verb.

যেমন:
The bird is flying. (Simple verb) 
The boy is flying a kite. (Causative verb)

আরো কিছু উদাহরণ, 

**The injured man cannot move. (Simple)
His pathetic story moved me. (Causative)

I know of this event. (Simple)
I informed him of this event. (Causative)

এছাড়াও, 

 The causative is used when someone else does something for you. অর্থাৎ অন্য কেউ যখন আমার হয়ে কাজটি করে দেয় তাকে The causative বলা হয়। 

- এর সাধারণ structure হলো: to have + object + past participle = to have something done.  যেমন:  I need to have my bag repaired. 

Source: Cliffs TOEFL & Grammarly.com 

Run away means পালিয়ে যাওয়া। যেমন: She ran away with her foreign boyfriend. 

তবে প্রদত্ত বাক্যে এটি মূল verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হচ্ছেনা, বরং এটি হবে infinitive.
- An infinitive is the word “to” + a verb’s root. কোন বাক্যে infinitive দুই ভাবে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে: 

1. Noun হিসেবে। যেমন: To err is human/ To swim is a good exercise. 
2. Adjective হিসেবে। যেমন: I brought us some lemonade to drink with lunch. 

অতএব প্রদত্ত Run away  এর পূর্বে একটি to বসবে।  

Source: Oxford Practice Grammar by J. Eastwood. 

The right answer is: To carry. ( infinitive)

Infinitive: 
- An infinitive is the word “to” + a verb’s root. 

- We use the to-infinitive after certain verbs (verbs followed by to-infinitive), particularly verbs of thinking and feeling:

Similar verbs like this: 

Choose, decide, forget , expect, hope, hate, intend, learn, like, love, mean, plan, prefer, remember, want, would like/love etc. 

Example: They decided to start a business together.

Some verbs are followed by a direct object and then the to-infinitive: for example:

Example: He encouraged his friends to vote for him.

Source: British Council Learning website. 

সঠিক উত্তর:  get used to

used to + infinitive and be/get used to + -ing এগুলো  আপাত:দৃষ্টিতে একই মনে হলেও এদের ব্যবহার ভিন্ন। 

Used to
- We use, used to + infinitive to talk about a past situation that is no longer true.
- It tells us that there was a repeated action or state in the past which has now changed. এর দ্বারা বোঝায়, কোন একটি কাজ করতে আমরা অতীতে অভ্যস্ত ছিলাম কিন্তু এখন নই। 

যেমন: 
- She used to be a long-distance runner when she was younger. যখন সে ছোট ছিল, তখন সে দুরপাল্লার দৌড়ে অভ্যস্ত ছিল। 
- I didn't use to sleep very well, but then I started doing yoga and it really helps.

Be used to 
Be used to means 'be familiar with' or 'be accustomed to'. কোন কিছুতে অভ্যস্ত হয়ে যাওয়া বোঝায়। যেমন:
- She's used to the city now and doesn't get lost any more. অর্থাৎ সে এখন শহরের সাথে সাথে পরিচিত হয়ে গেছে এবং এখন আর পথ হারায় না। 
- I'm a teacher so I'm used to speaking in public. অর্থাৎ যেহেতু, আমি শিক্ষকতা করি, আমি জনসমাগমে বক্তব্য দিতে অভ্যস্ত হয়ে গেছি। 

Get used to 
to talk about the process of becoming familiar with something. অর্থাৎ, কোন কিছুতে অভ্যস্ত হয়ে যাওয়ার প্রক্রিয়াকে বোঝায়।
  
- I'm finding this new job hard but I'm sure I'll get used to it soon. নতুন চাকরিটা আমার কাছে বেশ কঠিন মনে হলেও আমি নিশ্চিত আমি দ্রুতই এর সাথে অভ্যস্ত হয়ে যাবো। 
It took my mother years to get used to living in London after moving from Pakistan. পাকিস্তান থেকে লন্ডনে এসে, এখানকার জীবনযাত্রার সাথে অভ্যস্ত হতে আমার মার অনেক বছর লেগেছে। 

**Be used to and get used to are followed by a noun, pronoun or the -ing form of a verb, and can be used about the past, present or future.

Source: British Council Learning Website.

Verbals: Gerunds, Infinitives, and Participles

- The three verbals— gerunds, infinitives, and participles—are formed from verbs, but are never used alone as action words in sentences.
- Instead, verbals function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. These Verbals are important in phrases.

Source: Cliffsnotes.com 

সঠিক উত্তর হবে: Barking. 
This is an example of present participle. 

Participle:
- It is the form of a verb that usually ends in "ed" or "ing" and is used as an adjective:
- Participle একই সাথে Verb ও Adjective এর কাজ করে। 

In the sentences "He's sleeping" and "I've already eaten", the words "sleeping" and "eaten" are both participles.

Participle মূলত: তিন প্রকার: 
1. Present Participle. Ex: Do not disturb a sleeping dog. 
2. Past Participle. Ex: This is a book written by Charles Dickens. 
3. Perfect Participle. Ex: Having eaten rice, he went to bed. 

Use of Participle: 
1. To form a verb: They are playing football. 
2. As Adjective: The book is interesting. 
3. As Absolute: We will go there, God willing. 

Source: BBC learning english website 
A passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

 

Gerund:
- It is a word ending in "-ing" that is made from a verb and used like a noun:
- Gerunds don’t describe action—they act as nouns.
- By gerund, we mean that the verb—the word that describes the action that’s happening, like “biking,” “thinking,” “running,” or “speaking”—becomes a thing, a concept that can now be the sentence’s subject, direct object, indirect object, or the object of a preposition. 

- A gerund can be either the subject or object of a sentence in English, e.g. 'Cycling is fun' or 'I enjoy cycling'.

 

Source: Macmillan dictionary Grammar Reference

mind, cannot help, could not help, with a view to, look forward to, be used to, get used to, worth ইত্যাদির শব্দের পর কোন  verb  আসলে উক্ত  verb এর পর ing যুক্ত হয়।

উল্লেখ্য, যে Look forward to এবং Looking forward to দুটোই ব্যবহার করা যায়, তবে  অধিকতর Formal ব্যবহারের ক্ষেত্রে,  Look forward to এর ব্যবহার বেশি উপযুক্ত। 

 

The right answer is: To work. (infinitive)

Infinitive: 
- An infinitive is the word “to” + a verb’s root. 

- We use the to-infinitive after certain verbs (verbs followed by to-infinitive), particularly verbs of thinking and feeling:

- Similar verbs like this: 
Choose, decide, forget , expect, hope, hate, intend, learn, like, love, mean, plan, prefer, remember, want, would like/love etc. 
Example: They decided to start a business together.

- Some verbs are followed by a direct object and then the to-infinitive: for example:
Example: He encouraged his friends to vote for him.

Source: British Council Learning website.

The right answer is: you to remember( infinitive)

Infinitive: 
- An infinitive is the word “to” + a verb’s root. 

- We use the to-infinitive after certain verbs (verbs followed by to-infinitive), particularly verbs of thinking and feeling:

- Some verbs are followed by a direct object and then the to-infinitive: for example:

Example: He encouraged his friends to vote for him.

Source: British Council Learning website.

সঠিক উত্তর: jogging 

Gerund:
- It is a word ending in "-ing" that is made from a verb and used like a noun:
- Gerunds don’t describe action—they act as nouns.
For example: Walking is good exercise. 

মনে রাখতে হবে, 
- Gerund এবং Present Participle উভয়েরই গঠন ( V+ing) হলেও Gerund  বাক্যে Verb+Noun এর কাজ করে। অপরদিকে, Present Participle একই সাথে verb+adjective এর কাজ করে।  
- এছাড়া, Gerund কখনো কখনো শুধু Noun এর কাজ করে; তখন একে Verbal noun বলা হয়। যেমন: The reading of newspaper is a good habit. 

Functions of the Gerund: 
কোন বাক্যে Gerund ব্যবহৃত হয়: 
1. As subject: Rising early is a good habit. 
2. As object: I like playing Badminton.
3. As object of preposition: He is fond of cooking beef. 
4. As complement of verb: Working is earning.

10 common verbs followed by Gerund:

Avoid, Finish, be worth, Enjoy, Consider, Miss, discuss, dislike, dread, feel like. 

Source: British Council learning website , A Passage to the English Language by S.M Zakir Hussain, EngVid.com

Infinitive: 
- An infinitive is the word “to” + a verb’s root. 

- নির্দিষ্ট কিছু এর ক্ষেত্রে, বিশেষ করে verbs of thinking and feeling এর পর  to-infinitive ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমন: To walk is a good exercise. 

- এরকম কিছু verb হলো:  Choose, decide, forget, expect, hope, hate, intend, learn, like, love, mean, plan, prefer, remember, want, would like/love etc. 
Example: They decided to spend a holiday together.

- Some verbs are followed by a direct object and then the to-infinitive: for example:

Example: He encouraged his friends to vote for him.

10 Common verbs following by infinitives: 
Like, want, hope, agree, plan, decide, choose, promise, need

Source: British Council Learning website & engvid.com 

- সঠিক উত্তর: Participle 

- কিছু  prepositions আছে , যেগুলো  participle verb এর পূর্বে বসে এবং কোন ঘটনাকে  further emphasize অথবা events’ order, time, cause and effect  ইত্যাদিকে আরো clarify  করে। 

যেমন: এই শব্দগুলো:  like after, before, since, while and with.  for example:
After eating, we sat on the couch.
Since coming to England, I have met a lot of new people.

Participle:
- It is the form of a verb that usually ends in "ed" or "ing" and is used as an adjective:
- Participle একই সাথে Verb ও Adjective এর কাজ করে। 

Participle মূলত: তিন প্রকার: 
1. Present Participle. Ex: Do not disturb a sleeping dog. 
2. Past Participle. Ex: This is a book written by Charles Dickens. 
3. Perfect Participle. Ex: Having eaten rice, he went to bed. 

Source: A passage to the English Language by S.M Zakir Hussain & Essential Grammar in use by Raymond Murphy.

The correct answer is: She runs a Company. 

Transitive verbs এর সাধারণ Structure  হচ্ছে : subject + verb + object

- Transitive verbs involve not only the subject, but also someone or something else, the object. অর্থাৎ Transitive verb এর কেবল subject নয় বরং এক বা একাধিক Object ‍ও থাকবে। 

যেমন: She has many friends, but (she) admires Victoria most.

 নিচের transitive verb গুলোর দুটো Object আছে। একটি প্রত্যক্ষ অপরটি পরোক্ষ: 
- She brought me my breakfast in bed on a silver tray.

On the other hand, 

Intransitive verbs: (subject + verb)
- If an action concerns only one person or thing, you mention only the person or thing that carries out the action (the subject) and the action itself (the verb).
- Verbs which describe such actions are called intransitive verbs, e.g. I waited and waited, but nobody came.

Infinitive: 
- An infinitive is the word “to” + a verb’s root. 

- We use the to-infinitive after certain verbs (verbs followed by to-infinitive), particularly verbs of thinking and feeling:

Similar verbs like this: 

Choose, decide, forget , expect, hope, hate, intend, learn, like, love, mean, plan, prefer, remember, want, would like/love etc. 

Example: They decided to start a business together.

Some verbs are followed by a direct object and then the to-infinitive: for example:

Example: He encouraged his friends to vote for him.

Source: British Council Learning website.

A participle is a form of a verb - either ING or Past Participle (3rd form of a verb). A participle clause is a subordinate clause which begins with a participle. They act like adverbs and are linked to the main clause of a sentence. They usually show things like event order, time, cause and effect:

Example: Stepping on camera, I relaxed completely. (When I stepped on camera)

Source: engvid.com & Cambridge Dictionary Grammar reference.

সঠিক উত্তর: Either Gerund or Infinitive // ing & to // Both A+B

.কিছু verb আছে, যেগুলোর পরে, Gerund or Infinitive যে কোনটি বসানো যেতে পারে। যেমন: 
begin, start, cease, continue, intend, like, love, hate, prefer
Example:
- He began to run around shouting.
- He began running around shouting.

তবে, উপরোক্ত উদাহরণটিতে অর্থের তারতম্য না ঘটলেও নিম্নের উদাহরণটিতে অর্থের পরিবর্তন ঘটবে। যেমন: 
- I stopped drinking coffee. যার অর্থ, আমি কফি খাওয়া ছেড়ে দিয়েছি। 
- I stopped to drink coffee. যার অর্থ, কোথাও যাবার প্রাক্কালে আমি কফি খাওয়ার জন্য থেমেছিলাম। 

এরকম আরো কিছু verb হল: try, forget, remember ইত্যাদি। 

Source: Collins Dictionary Grammar Reference. 
Essential Grammar in use by Raymond Murphy .