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ব্যাংক ডেইলি কুইজ [লং কোর্সের অংশ]

পরীক্ষাব্যাংক ডেইলি কুইজ [লং কোর্সের অংশ]তারিখতারিখ অনির্ধারিতসময়08 minutes
মোট প্রশ্ন১১
সিলেবাস
Exam - 16 English: Topic: Voice, Narration
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

ব্যাংক ডেইলি কুইজ [লং কোর্সের অংশ]

ব্যাংক ডেইলি কুইজ [লং কোর্সের অংশ] · তারিখ অনির্ধারিত · ১১ প্রশ্ন

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Our task had been submitted before sunset. (Active)
  1. We had submited our task before sunset.
  2. We have submitted our task before sunset.
  3. We submitted our task before sunset.
  4. We had submitted our task before sunset.
ব্যাখ্যা
Passive Voice: Our task had been submitted before sunset.
Active Voice: We had submitted our task before sunset.  (অপশন 'ঘ')

• Past perfect tencse যুক্ত Passive Voice কে Active Voice করার নিয়ম - 
→ প্রদও বাক্যটি paasive form- এ রয়েছে। 
→ এখানে, object = us ঊহ্য রয়েছে। 
→ সম্পূর্ণ sentence টি হচ্ছে - Our task had been submitted before sunset by us.

→ active voice- এ রূপান্তর করার সময় প্রথমে 'by' এর পরে object = us, active voice- এ subject = We রূপে বসবে।
→ by উঠে যাবে।
→ passive voice- এ auxiliary verb = had been, active voice- এ subject = We- এর পর 'had' হিসেবে বসবে। 
→ 'had' এর পর principal verb = submit এর past participle form = submitted বসবে।
→ passive voice এর subject = Our task, active voice- এ object হিসেবে বসবে।
→ before sunset = extension হিসেবে active voice- এ বসবে।
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Change the given sentence from direct to indirect speech: Saniya said to her sister, "Will you go there?"
  1. Saniya told her sister if she will go there.
  2. Saniya asked her sister if she would go there.
  3. Saniya asks her sister if she would go there.
  4. Saniya asked her sister if she will go there.
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct Speech: Saniya said to her sister, "Will you go there?"
Indirect Speech: Saniya asked her sister if she would go there.

• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
Sentence টি Interrogative sentence এ থাকলে,
→ Reporting verb টি  ask, inquire of, want to know, demand, wonder ইত্যাদিতে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
→ Sentence টি Interrogative এর পরিবর্তে Assertive এ পরিণত হয়।

• Interrogative sentence এ যদি W/H question word না থেকে যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তখন সেই বাক্যটিকে পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
→ Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
→ Tense অনুযায়ী ask/ inquire of বসে।
→ Object বসে (যদি থাকে)।
→ if/ whether বসে।
→ reported speech এর subject বসে।
→ reported speech এর verb বসে।
→ বাকি অংশ।

Structure: Reporting verb এর subject + Tense অনুযায়ী ask/ inquire of + Object + if/ whether + reported speech এর subject + reported speech এর verb + বাকি অংশ।

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.
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Achieve the goal without deviating from the outlined strategy and objectives. (Passive)
  1. Let the goal being achieved without deviating from the outlined strategy and objectives.
  2. Let the goal to achieve without deviating from the outlined strategy and objectives.
  3. Let the goal be achieved without deviating from the outlined strategy and objectives.
  4. Let the goal should achieve without deviating from the outlined strategy and objectives.
ব্যাখ্যা
Active Voice: Achieve the goal without deviating from the outlined strategy and objectives.
Passive Voice: Let the goal be achieved without deviating from the outlined strategy and objectives.

• শুধু মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া imperative sentence এর active voice থেকে passive করার নিয়ম:
→ প্রথমে Let বসবে;
→ Active voice এর object টির subject রূপে বসবে;
→ be বসবে;
→ মূল verb এর past participle বসবে।

• Structure: Let + object টির subject হয় + be + মূল verb এর past participle + extensions.
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Change the narration: "Are you ready?" the doctor said to her children.
  1. The doctor asked her children if he was ready.
  2. The doctor asked her children if they were ready.
  3. The doctor asked her children if it was ready.
  4. The doctor asked her children if they were being ready.
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct Speech: "Are you ready?" the doctor asked her children.
Indirect Speech: The doctor asked her children if they were ready.

• Direct  Speech থেকে Indirect Speech করার নিয়ম হচ্ছে:
→ Reporting verb টি past tense এ থাকলে indirect narration করার ক্ষেত্রে reported speech ও past tense হবে।
→ WH শব্দ না থাকলে reported speech-এর পূর্বে 'if' বা 'weather' বসে + sub+ verb + object.

Structure: Reporting verb এর subject + Tense অনুযায়ী ask/ inquire of + Object + if/ whether + reported speech এর subject + reported speech এর verb + বাকি অংশ।
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Has anybody answered your question? (Passive)
  1. Your question has been answered?
  2. Anybody has answered your question?
  3. Have you answered your question?
  4. Has your question been answered?
ব্যাখ্যা
Active Voice: Has anybody answered your question?
Passive Voice: Has your question been answered? (অপশন 'ঘ')

• Interrogative sentence + present perfect tense এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম - 
→ প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি interrogative sentence- এ রয়েছে।
→ interrogative sentence কে assertive sentence- এ রূপান্তরিত করে এরপর ওই assertive sentence- এর voice change করে তাকে পুনরায় interrogative- এ পরিবর্তন করলে আমরা passive voice (উত্তর) পেতে পারি।

• interrogative sentence → assertive sentence → passive voice → interrogative sentence
→ Interrogative sentence = Has anybody answered your question?
→ Assertive sentence = Anybody has answered your question.
→ Passive voice = Your question has been answered by anybody.
→ Interrogative sentence = Has your question been answered? (by anybody ঊহ্য রয়েছে)
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Every disaster-affected victim has been compensated by the government. (Active)
  1. The government had compensated every disaster-affected victim.
  2. The government has compensated every disaster-affected victim.
  3. The government has been compensating every disaster-affected victim.
  4. The government have been compensating every disaster-affected victim.
ব্যাখ্যা
Passive Voice: Every disaster-affected victim has been compensated by the government. 
Active Voice: The government has compensated every disaster-affected victim.  (অপশন 'খ')

• Present perfect tense যুক্ত Passive Voice কে Active Voice করার নিয়ম - 
→ প্রদও বাক্যটি paasive form- এ রয়েছে। 
→ active voice- এ রূপান্তর করার সময় প্রথমে 'by' এর পরে object = the government, active voice- এ subject রূপে বসেছে।
→ by উঠে গেছে।
→ passive voice- এ auxiliary verb = has been, active voice- এ subject = The government- এর পর 'has' হিসেবে বসেছে। 
→ 'has' এর পর principal verb এর past participle form = compensated বসেছে।
→ passive voice এর subject = Every disaster-affected victim, active voice- এ object হিসেবে বসেছে।
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The man refused him admittance. (Passive)
  1. Admittance is refused to him by the man.
  2. Admittance was refused by the man to him.
  3. He was refused admittance by the man.
  4. Admittance is refused him by the man.
ব্যাখ্যা
Active Voice: The man refused him admittance.
Passive Voice: He was refused admittance by the man. (অপশন 'গ')

• Past indefinite tense যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম - 
→ প্রথমে object = him, passive voice- এ subject = He রূপে বসেছে।
→ Passive voice- এ subject = He এর পর active voice- এর tense অনুসারে auxiliary verb = was বসেছে।
→ 'was' এরপর principal verb- এর past participle form = refused বসেছে।
→ refused এরপর admittance = optional agent হিসেবে বসেছে।
→ এরপর by বসেছে।
→ 'by' এরপর active voice এর subject = The man, passive voice এ object = tha man রূপে বসেছে।
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Mostofa said, "Let the girl say whatever he likes." (Indirect Speech)
  1. Mostofa said that the girl might say whatever she liked.
  2. Mostofa said that the girl might say whatever he liked.
  3. Mostofa told that the girl might say whatever he likes.
  4. Mostofa said the girl might say whatever he likes.
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct Speech: Mostofa said, "Let the girl say whatever he likes." 
Indirect Speech: Mostofa said that the girl might say whatever he liked.

• 'Let' যুক্ত বাক্যকে Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech করার নিয়ম:

→ Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরিত করার সময় Let দ্বারা প্রস্তাব না বোঝালে Reporting verb এর পরিবর্তন হয় না।
→ Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে  that বসে + Reported Verb এর subject পুনরায় বসে + might + reporting speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত হয়।

→ Structure: Subject + প্রদত্ত  Reporting verb + object যদি থাকে + that + Reported speech এর subject + might + reporting speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত।

Example:
Direct Speech: Anwar said, "Let him say whatever he likes."
Indirect Speech: Anwar said that he might say whatever he liked.
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Change the voice: "The novel was acclaimed as a masterpiece."
  1. We acclaimed the novel as masterpiece.
  2. The novel was acclaimed as a masterpiece.
  3. The novel was being acclaimed as a masterpiece.
  4. People acclaimed the novel as a masterpiece.
ব্যাখ্যা
Passive Voice: The novel was acclaimed as a masterpiece.
Active Voice: People acclaimed the novel as a masterpiece.

• আমজনতার সাথে Related কাজ হলে Subject হিসেবে People বসাতে হবে।
→ প্রথমে People বসাতে হবে।
→ মূল Verb এর ঠিক আগের 'be' Verb 'was' বাদ যাবে।
→ মূল Verb এর ঠিক আগের 'be' Verb এর গঠন অনুযায়ী মূল Verb বসবে।
→  Subject টি Object হবে।
→ বাকি অংশ বসবে।

More Example:
Passive Voice: He was called wise.
Active Voice: People called him wise.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
১০.
Identify the correct indirect speech. He said, "How delightful the taste of this dish was!"
  1. He exclaimed that the taste of this dish was delightful.
  2. He exclaimed that the taste of this dish was very delightful.
  3. He exclaimed that the taste of this dish had been very delightful.
  4. He exclaimed that the taste of this dish was being very delightful.
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct Speech: He said, "How delightful the taste of this dish was!"
Indirect Speech: He exclaimed that the taste of this dish had been very delightful.

• Exclamatoey Sentence- এ ক্ষেত্রে Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
→ Direct speech এ reporting verb (said) past tense এ থাকায়, Indirect speech এ reporting verb 'exclaimed' হবে। 
→  direct speech এ 'was' থাকায় reported speech- এ 'had been' হবে।
→  exclamatory sentence এ how থাকলে assertive sentence এ very বসে।
১১.
You should open the wine about five hours before you use it. (Passive)
  1. Wine should be opened about five hours before use.
  2. Wine should be opened by you five hours before use.
  3. Wine should be opened about five hours before it is used.
  4. Wine should be opened about five hours before you use it.
ব্যাখ্যা
Active Voice: You should open the wine about five hours before you use it.
Passive Voice: Wine should be opened about five hours before it is used. (অপশন 'গ')

• প্রদত্ত বাক্যটির দুইটি অংশ।
• 'before' conjunction দ্বারা দুইটি principal clause যুক্ত রয়েছে। দুইটি clause কেই আলাদা ভাবে passive voice- এ রূপান্তর করতে হবে।
• about five hours = object agent হিসেবে অপরিবর্তিত অবস্থায় বসেছে।

প্রথম অংশ:
→ Active Voice: You should open the wine.
→ Passive Voice: Wine should be opened.

দ্বিতীয় অংশ:
→ Active Voice: You use it.
→ Passive Voice: It is used.