৪৯তম বিসিএস ⎯ ফিন্যান্স ও ব্যাংকিং [৭১১]

Luca Pacioli, often referred to as the Father of Accounting, made significant contributions to the field of accounting, particularly through his introduction of the double-entry bookkeeping system.

Eugene Fama is often referred to as the "Father of Modern Finance" for his groundbreaking work on the efficient market hypothesis.

Peter Drucker is widely recognized as the "Father of Management". He is known for his extensive work in the field of business management, including his contributions to management theory and practice. 

The father of banking is often considered to be Alexander Hamilton, who played a crucial role in establishing the First Bank of the United States in 1791 and laid the foundation for the American banking system. He was instrumental in creating the nation's financial structure and served as the first Treasury Secretary. 

Ingredients of Public Finance:

ØPublic revenue
ØPublic Expenditure
ØPublic Debt
ØBudgeting

Functions of Finance are: 

oRaising Fund(তহবিল সংগ্রহ)
oCapital Budgeting Decisions(মূলধন বাজেটিং সিদ্ধান্ত)
oCurrent Asset Management(স্বল্পমেয়াদী সম্পদ ব্যবস্থাপনা)
oDistribution of Profit (মুনাফা বন্টন)


সোর্স: ‍একাদশ ও দ্বাদশ শ্রেণীর ফিন্যান্স, ব্যাংকিং ও বিমা, প্রথম পত্র, মোহাম্মদ খালেকুজ্জামান ও মোঃ হারুনার রশিদ

Capital budgeting relates to long terms resources. Capital planning is the cycle a business attempts to assess likely significant tasks or speculations.


Source: Unacademy

Sole proprietorships and partnership do not produce a separate business entity. This means your business assets and liabilities are not separate from your personal assets and liabilities. You can be held personally liable for the debts and obligations of the business.

The simplest form of business structure where a single individual owns and manages the entire business. 
 
There's no legal distinction between the owner and the business; they are considered one and the same entity. 

This means the owner is personally liable for all business debts and obligations

Portfolio diversification is an investment strategy that involves spreading your investment capital across a variety of assets or securities within your investment portfolio. The aim of diversification is to reduce risk and increase the likelihood of achieving more stable and consistent returns over time.

Profit refers to the money companies keep after paying all of their expenses.
Gross profit equals sales minus the cost of goods sold.
Operating profit accounts for expenses like overhead and depreciation.
Net profit is also referred to as the bottom line.
Companies can distribute profits to shareholders as dividends or reinvest them back into the business.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is the U.S. government oversight agency responsible for regulating the securities markets and protecting investors.
The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 established the SEC, mainly in response to the stock market crash of 1929 in the leadup to the Great Depression.
The SEC is responsible for regulating financial markets and approving securities for sale to the public.
The SEC brings civil action against those it alleges broke securities laws or regulations.