ব্যাংক নিয়োগ প্রস্তুতি ⎯ লং কোর্স

Definition of AutoCorrect:
a computer feature that attempts to correct the spelling of a word as the user types it.

- Go to File > Options > Proofing and select AutoCorrect Options.
- On the AutoCorrect tab, select or clear Replace text as you type.

Source: Microsoft support & Merriam - Webster Dictionary.

The space between the margin and the text is called Indent.

A Hanging indent, also known as a second line indent, sets off the first line of a paragraph by positioning it at the margin and then indenting each subsequent line of the paragraph.

Source: Microsoft support.

Ctrl+Shift+F6: switches to the previous document window when more than one document is open.

Some important shortcut with F6:
- F6 alone: switch between the document, task pane, status bar, and ribbon. In a document that has been split, F6 includes the split panes when switching between panes and the task pane.
- Shift+F6: switches between the document, ribbon, status bar, and task pane.
- Ctrl+F6: switches to the next document window when more than one document is open.
Alt+F6: moves from an open dialog box back to the document, for dialog boxes that support.

Ctrl+V: Paste the contents of the Clipboard.

Some important shortcut:
Ctrl+X: Cut the selected content to the Clipboard.
Ctrl+C: Copy the selected content to the Clipboard.
Ctrl+A: Select all document content.

Source: Microsoft support.

By default, a new workbook contains three worksheets, but you can change the number of worksheets that you want a new workbook to contain.
For more information, see Change the number of worksheets in a new workbook.
You can also add and remove worksheets as needed.

There have been 3 worksheets (''Sheet1'', ''Sheet2'', ''Sheet3'') by default in any new MS Excel workbook.

Source: Microsoft support & ux.stackexchange.com

- An active cell refers to the currently selected cell in a spreadsheet.
It can be identified by a bold (typically blue) outline that surrounds the cell.
The standard way to reference the location of an active cell is with a column/row combination, such as A2 (first column, second row) or B5 (second column, fifth row).

- Whenever you click on a specific cell within a spreadsheet, it becomes the active cell. Once a cell is selected, you can enter values or a function into the cell.
Most spreadsheet programs will display the value of the active cell both inside the cell itself and within a long text field in the spreadsheet toolbar.

Source: TechTerms

- F2 alone: edit the active cell and put the insertion point at the end of its contents. Or, if editing is turned off for the cell, move the insertion point into the formula bar.
If editing a formula, toggle Point mode off or on so you can use arrow keys to create a reference.

- Shift+F2: adds or edits a cell note.

- Ctrl+F2: displays the print preview area on the Print tab in the Backstage view.

Source: Microsoft support

- Ctrl+F4: closes the selected workbook window.

- Alt+F4: closes Excel.

- F4 alone: repeats the last command or action, if possible.
When a cell reference or range is selected in a formula, F4 cycles through all the various combinations of absolute and relative references.

- Ctrl+F5: restores the window size of the selected workbook window.

- Ctrl+F6: switches between 2 Excel windows.

Source: Microsoft support

Slide layouts contain formatting, positioning, and placeholder boxes for all of the content that appears on a slide.
Placeholders are the dotted-line containers on slide layouts that hold such content as titles, body text, tables, charts, SmartArt graphics, pictures, clip art, videos, and sounds. Slide layouts also contain the colors, fonts, effects, and the background (collectively known as the theme) of a slide.

Source: Microsoft support

Ctrl+P: Change the pointer to a pen.

Some important shortcut:

Ctrl+A: Change the pointer to an arrow.

Ctrl+L: Start the laser pointer.

Ctrl+E: Change the pointer to an eraser.

Source: Microsoft Support

The web browser is an application.
- We use it to connect various pages on the internet for information.
- It can be used on an FTP server to upload or download data.
- Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Microsoft Internet Explorer, Apple Safari, and Opera browser are several commonly used web browsers.
Source: www.study.com & www.mozilla.org

- TCP/IP, in full Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, standard Internet communications protocols that allow digital computers to communicate over long distances.
- The Internet is a packet-switched network, in which information is broken down into small packets, sent individually over many different routes at the same time, and then reassembled at the receiving end.
- TCP is the component that collects and reassembles the packets of data, while IP is responsible for making sure the packets are sent to the right destination.
- TCP/IP was developed in the 1970s and adopted as the protocol standard for ARPANET (the predecessor to the Internet) in 1983.
Source: Britannica

- অনেকে রেমন্ড টমলিনসনকে (Ray Tomlinson) ইমেইলের জনক মনে করে।
- তিনি ১৯৭২ সালে সর্বপ্রথম আরপানেট ব্যবহার করে পরীক্ষামূলক ইমেইল প্রেরণ করেন।
- এই মেইলে তিনি সর্বপ্রথিম ''@'' চিহ্ন ব্যবহার করেন।
সূত্রঃ তথ্য ও যোগাযোগ প্রযুক্তি (একাদশ-দ্বাদশ শ্রেণি), প্রকৌশলী মুজিবুর রহমান।

- ১৯৫৫ সালে যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের MIT এর অধ্যাপক জন ম্যাককার্থি (John McCarthy) কৃত্রিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা বা আর্টিফিসিয়াল ইনটেলিজেন্স (Artificial intelligence) শব্দটির সাথে পরিচয় করিয়ে দেন।
- ১৯৫০ এর শেষের দিকে তিনি কৃত্রিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা প্রয়োগের মাধ্যমে সমস্যা সমাধানের জন্য LISP প্রোগ্রামিং ভাষার উদ্ভাবন করেন।
সূত্রঃ তথ্য ও যোগাযোগ প্রযুক্তি (একাদশ-দ্বাদশ শ্রেণি), প্রকৌশলী মুজিবুর রহমান

ইন্টারনেট ব্যবহারকারীদের দেখার জন্য বিভিন্ন দেশের সার্ভারে রাখা ফাইলকে Web page বলে।
ওয়েব পেইজ সাধারনত HTML (Hypertext Mark-up Language) দ্বারা তৈরি করা হয়।
Merriam - Webster অনলাইন ডিকশনারী অনুসারে ওয়েব পেইজ হল - ''Electronic (digital) document created with HTML and, therefore, accessible with a browser.''

সূত্রঃ তথ্য ও যোগাযোগ প্রযুক্তি (একাদশ-দ্বাদশ শ্রেণি), প্রকৌশলী মুজিবুর রহমান

- Downloading is the transmission of a file from one computer system to another, usually a smaller computer system.
From the Internet user's point-of-view, to download a file is to request it from another computer (or from a Web page on another computer) and to receive it.

- Uploading is transmission in the other direction: from one, usually smaller computer to another computer.
From an Internet user's point of view, uploading is sending a file to a computer that is set up to receive it.

- The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is the Internet protocol for downloading and uploading files and a number of special applications can furnish FTP services for you.
(However, if you are downloading through a Web page, the FTP request is set up for you by the Web page.
You are usually asked where you want the downloaded file placed on your hard disk, and then the downloading transmission takes place.)

Source: Techtarget

- Redaction is a form of editing of a physical document by means of censoring, but not necessarily omitting, specific words, sentences, or entire paragraphs.
The portions that need to be redacted are simply blacked out so that they cannot be read.
This is often done in court or government documents in which certain copies that need to go to organizations or individuals, who do not have the right clearance or privilege to know about certain pieces of information, have these portions blacked out.
Source: Techopedia

ওয়েব কনফারেন্সিং বলতে ইন্টারনেট বা ওয়াল্ড ওয়াইড ওয়েব (www) প্লাটফর্মে বিভিন্ন মিডিয়া(অডিও, ভিডিও, হবা উভয়) ব্যবহার করে ওয়েব সেমিনার বা ওয়েবিনারস, ওয়েবকাস্ট এবং ওয়েব মিটিংসহ বিভিন্ন ধরনের অনলাইন কনফারেন্সিং এবং সহযোগী পরিষেবাকে বোঝায়।
জনপ্রিয় ওয়েব কনফারেন্সিং সফটওয়্যারের মধ্যে জুম (zoom), ফেসটাইম (facetime), ফেসবুক মেসেঞ্জার রুম (Facebook Messenger Room), মাইক্রোসফট টিম (Microsoft Team), সিসকো ওয়েবএক্স (Cisco WebEx), স্কাইপি (Skype) ইত্যাদি উল্লেখযোগ্য।

- Snapchat is a mobile app for Android and iOS devices. It’s headed by co-founder Evan Spiegel. One of the core concepts of the app is that any picture or video or message you send - by default - is made available to the receiver for only a short time before it becomes inaccessible. This temporary or ephemeral, nature of the app was originally designed to encourage a more natural flow of interaction.

Source: তথ্য ও যোগাযোগ প্রযুক্তি (একাদশ-দ্বাদশ শ্রেণি), প্রকৌশলী মুজিবুর রহমান & Pocket-lint

IP address, in full Internet Protocol address, Number that uniquely identifies each computer on the Internet.
A computer’s IP address may be permanently assigned or supplied each time that it connects to the Internet by an Internet service provider.
Source: www.britannica.com

- The WannaCry ransomware attack was a global epidemic that took place in May 2017.
- This ransomware attack spread through computers operating Microsoft Windows.
User’s files were held hostage, and a Bitcoin ransom demanded their return.
- WannaCry is an example of crypto-ransomware, a type of malicious software (malware) used by cybercriminals to extort money.
Source: Kaspersky

MIME (Multi-Purpose Internet Mail Extensions) is an extension of the original Internet e-mail protocol that lets people use the protocol to exchange different kinds of data files on the Internet: audio, video, images, application programs, and other kinds, as well as the ASCII text handled in the original protocol, the Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP).
Source: Techtarget

Alt + Enter: Start a new line in the same cell

Some important shortcut key:
Ctrl + Enter: fills the selected cell range with the current entry.
Shift + Enter: completes a cell entry and selects the cell above.
Ctrl+Home: moves to the beginning of a worksheet.
Ctrl+Shift+Home: extends the selection of cells to the beginning of the worksheet.
Source: Microsoft support

A mail merge is used to create form letters, mailing labels, envelopes, directories, and mass e-mail message and fax distributions.
There are three documents that are involved in the mail merge process:
- the main document,
- the data source, and
- the merged field.
Source: Microsoft Support

- Banker's Algorithm Is used majorly in the banking system to avoid deadlock.
It helps you to identify whether a loan will be given or not.

- This algorithm is used to test for safely simulating the allocation for determining the maximum amount available for all resources.
It also checks for all the possible activities before determining whether allocation should be continued or not.

- The banker’s algorithm is a resource allocation and deadlock avoidance algorithm that tests for safety by simulating the allocation for predetermined maximum possible amounts of all resources, then makes an “s-state” check to test for possible activities, before deciding whether allocation should be allowed to continue.

Source: Geeks for Geeks & guru99.

অনলাইন ব্যাংকিং ব্যবস্থায় তথ্য চুরির সাথে সাথে অনেক সময় টাকা পয়সাও চুরি হয়।
এ ক্ষেত্রে অপরাধীরা কোন নেটওয়ার্কে প্রবেশ করে লুকিয়ে থাকে এবং ইউজার কর্তৃপক্ষ প্রদত্ত তথ্য ডেটাবেজের কপি তৈরি করে।
পরে সেই তথ্যগুলো ব্যবহার করে জালিয়াতির মাধ্যমে কারো একাউন্ট থেকে তার সমস্থ টাকা নিজ একাউন্টে ট্রান্সফার করে নেয়।
এটাই সাইবার চুরি।
উৎসঃ তথ্য ও যোগাযোহ প্রযুক্তি (একাদশ ও দ্বাদশ শ্রেণি), প্রকৌশলী মুজিবুর রহমান