ব্যাংক নিয়োগ প্রস্তুতি ⎯ লং কোর্স

সিলেবাস

Exam - 91

Math - 11:
Topic: Percentage, Profit & Loss, Discount.

প্রশ্ন দেখুন অনুশীলন

ব্যাংক নিয়োগ প্রস্তুতি ⎯ লং কোর্স

ব্যাংক নিয়োগ প্রস্তুতি ⎯ লং কোর্স · তারিখ অনির্ধারিত · ২৫ প্রশ্ন

১.

By selling 90 ball pens for Tk. 160 a person loses 20%. How many ball pens should be sold for Tk. 96 so as to have a profit of 20%?

ক
30
খ
36
গ
42
ঘ
44

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Question: By selling 90 ball pens for Tk. 160 a person loses 20%. How many ball pens should be sold for Tk. 96 so as to have a profit of 20%?

Solution:

S.P. of 90 ball pens = Tk. 160

Loss % = 20%

∴ C.P. of 90 ball pens = [100/(100 - Loss%)] × Selling Price = [100/(100 - 20)] × 160

= (100 × 160)/80 = 200

C.P. of 1 ball pen = 20/9

Now we find how many pens should be sold for 96 to have a profit of 20%

Let us say, ‘x’ number of pens be sold for 96

Then, S.P. of x pens = 96

C.P of x pens = (20/9)x

Profit = S.P - C.P. = 96 - 20x/9
Profit% = (Profit/ C.P.) × 100
{96 - (20x/9)}/(20x/9) × 100 = 20
⇒ {96 - (20x/9)} × 5 = 20x/9
⇒ 96 - (20x/9) = 4x/9
⇒ 96 × 9 - 20x = 4x
⇒ 24x = 96 × 9

⇒ x = (96 × 9)/24 = 36

Therefore, 36 pens should be sold

২.

If the list price of a book is Tk. 50, and a Tk. 10 discount is offered on the book, then what is the discount percentage?

ক
5%
খ
10%
গ
15%
ঘ
20%

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

20%

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

20%

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Question: If the list price of a book is Tk. 50, and a Tk. 10 discount is offered on the book, then what is the discount percentage?

Solution:
Discount % = (Discount/marked Price) × 100

Marked Price = Tk. 50
Discount= Tk. 10

Discount (%) = (10/50) ×100%

= 100/5 %

= 20%

∴ Therefore, the discount percentage is calculated as 20%.

৩.

A shopkeeper takes 10% profit on his goods. He lost 20% of his goods during a theft. What is his loss percent?

ক
10%
খ
15%
গ
14%
ঘ
12%

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

12%

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

12%

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Question: A shopkeeper takes 10% profit on his goods. He lost 20% of his goods during a theft. What is his loss percent?

Solution:

Let the number of goods be 100, and

C.P. of each item be Tk. 1

∴ Total C.P. = Tk. 100

Profit% on each item = 10%

20% of goods are lost in a theft

Number of goods left = 80

Now,
S.P. of 1 item = [(100 + 10)/100] × 1 = Tk. 1.10

S.P. of 80 items = 80 × 1.10 = Tk. 88

Loss = 100 - 88 = 12

Loss% = (12/100) × 100% = 12%

Thus, the shopkeeper bears 12% loss.

৪.

If 16% of 40% of a number is 8, then find the number.

ক
115
খ
120
গ
125
ঘ
130

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

125

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

125

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Question: If 16% of 40% of a number is 8, then find the number.

Solution:

Let X be the required number.

Therefore, as per the given question,

(16/100) × (40/100) × X = 8

⇒ X = (8 × 100 × 100)/(16 × 40)

∴ X = 125

৫.

Azim sells an object to Belal at a profit of 15%, Belal sells that object to karim for Tk. 1012 and makes a profit of 10%. At what cost did Azim purchase the object?

ক
Tk. 950
খ
Tk. 900
গ
Tk. 850
ঘ
Tk. 800

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Tk. 800

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Tk. 800

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Question: Azim sells an object to Belal at a profit of 15%, Belal sells that object to karim for Tk. 1012 and makes a profit of 10%. At what cost did Azim purchase the object?

Solution:

Let the actual cost price at which Azim bought the object be x

When Azim sells the object to Belal

Profit % = 15%

∴ selling price of object = [(100 + 15)/100] × x = 1.15x

Now, this cost price of the object for Belal

When Belal sells the object to karim

Selling Price = Tk. 1012

Profit % = 10%

∴ Selling price = [(100 + 10)/100] × 1.15x

⇒ 1012 = [(100 + 10)/100] × 1.15x
⇒ x = (1012 × 1000)/(11 × 115)
∴ x = 800
Therefore, the price at which Azim bought the object is Tk. 800.

৬.

Marked price of a product is Tk. 240 and 25% discount is provided on it. Find the selling price.

ক
Tk. 180
খ
Tk. 190
গ
Tk. 220
ঘ
Tk. 175

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Tk. 180

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Tk. 180

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

Question: Marked price of a product is Tk. 240 and 25% discount is provided on it. Find the selling price.

Solution:
Discount = SP × 25% = 240 × (25/100) = Tk. 60

Selling price = MP - Discount = 240 - 60 = Tk. 180.

৭.

By selling 100 notebooks, a shopkeeper gains the selling price of 20 notebooks. What is his gain percentage?

ক
15%
খ
20%
গ
25%
ঘ
10%

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

25%

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

25%

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Question: By selling 100 notebooks, a shopkeeper gains the selling price of 20 notebooks. What is his gain percentage?

Solution:

Let the SP of 1 notebook be Tk. 1

SP of 100 notebooks = Tk. 100

Now,
gain = selling price of 20 notebooks = Tk. 20

Then
CP = SP - Gain = 100 - 20 = 80

Gain% = (20/80) × 100% = 25%

৮.

A retail fruit vendor buys pineapples at a score for Tk. 200, and retails them at a dozen for Tk 156. Did he gain or lose in the transaction and what % was his gain or loss?

ক
30% loss
খ
22% loss
গ
22% gain
ঘ
30% gain

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

30% gain

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

30% gain

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Question: A retail fruit vendor buys pineapples at a score for Tk. 200, and retails them at a dozen for Tk 156. Did he gain or lose in the transaction and what % was his gain or loss?

Solution:
C.P of 1 Pineapple = Tk. 200/score = 200/20 = 10 (Note: 1 score = 20)

S.P of 1 Pineapple = Tk.156/dozen = 156/12 = 13 (Note: 1 dozen = 12)

∴ Profit of 1 Pineapple = 13 - 10 = 3

∴ % Profit = (3/10) × 100 % = 30%

৯.

A television and a washing machine were sold for Tk. 12500 each. If the television was sold at a gain of 30% and the washing machine at a loss of 30%. Find the overall profit% or loss% on the entire transaction?

ক
9% profit
খ
9% loss
গ
12% profit
ঘ
12% loss

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

9% loss

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

9% loss

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Question: A television and a washing machine were sold for Tk. 12500 each. If the television was sold at a gain of 30% and the washing machine at a loss of 30%. Find the overall profit% or loss% on the entire transaction?

Solution:

Total SP = 2 × 12500 = 25000

CP of TV = [100/(100 + 30)] × 12500 = 12500 × 100/130

CP of Washing machine = [100/ (100 - 30)] × 12500 = 12500 × 100/70

∴ Total CP = 12500 [(100/130) + (100/70)] = 12500 × 200/91 = 2500000/91 = 27472.53

Clearly SP < CP, that is, there is a loss.

Reqiured loss percentage = [{(2500000/91) - 25000}/(2500000/91)] × 100%
= {(2500000 - 2275000)/2500000} × 100%
= (225000/2500000) × 100%
= 9%
Therefore, there is loss of 9%

১০.

A T-shirt is sold after providing two successive discounts of 20%. If the marked price of a T-shirt is Tk. 200 then find the selling price.

ক
Tk. 120
খ
Tk. 160
গ
Tk. 132
ঘ
Tk. 128

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Tk. 128

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Tk. 128

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Question: A T-shirt is sold after providing two successive discounts of 20%. If the marked price of a T-shirt is Tk. 200 then find the selling price.

Solution:
Discount 1 = 200 × (20/100) = Tk. 40

Selling price after 1st discount = 200 - 40 = Tk. 160

Discount 2 = 160 × (20/100) = Tk. 32

∴ Selling price after 2nd discount = 160 - 32 = Tk. 128

১১.

A dishonest shopkeeper pretends to sell his goods at cost price but uses false weights and gains 11.11%. Find the false weight he is using instead of 1kg weight.

ক
900 gm
খ
950 gm
গ
850 gm
ঘ
800 gm

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

900 gm

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

900 gm

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

Question: A dishonest shopkeeper pretends to sell his goods at cost price but uses false weights and gains 11.11%. Find the false weight he is using instead of 1kg weight.

Solution:

Let the false weight be x gm.

Gain % = [(True weight - False weight)/ False weight] × 100

⇒ 11.11 = 100/9 = [(1000 - x)/x] × 100

⇒ 9000 - 9x = x
⇒ 10x = 9000

⇒ x = 900

∴ the shopkeeper is using weights of 900 gm instead of 1kg.

১২.

The price of a house is decreased from Fifteen lakhs taka to Twelve lakhs taka. Find the percentage of decrease.

ক
15%
খ
20%
গ
25%
ঘ
30%

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

20%

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

20%

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Question: The price of a house is decreased from Fifteen lakhs taka to Twelve lakhs taka. Find the percentage of decrease.

Solution:

Original price = Tk. 15,00,000

Changed price = Tk. 12,00,000

∴ Decrease in price = 15,00,000 - 12,00,000 = Tk. 3,00,000

Therefore, the percentage of decrease = (3,00,000)/(15,00,000) × 100 % = 20%.

১৩.

Manajir bought an AC for Tk. 12160 and paid Tk. 340 for transportation. Then he sold it for Tk. 12875. Find his profit %.

ক
4%
খ
4.5%
গ
3%
ঘ
5%

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Question: Manajir bought an AC for Tk. 12160 and paid Tk. 340 for transportation. Then he sold it for Tk. 12875. Find his profit %.

Solution:

CP of AC = Actual CP + Transportation cost = 12160 + 340 = 12500

SP of AC = 12875

∴ Profit = 12875 - 12500 = 375

Profit % = (375/12500) × 100 = 3%

১৪.

A man gains 30% by selling an article for a certain price. If he sells it at double the current selling price, then what will be the profit percentage?

ক
60%
খ
160%
গ
90%
ঘ
120%

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

160%

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

160%

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Question: A man gains 30% by selling an article for a certain price. If he sells it at double the current selling price, then what will be the profit percentage?

Solution:
Let,
the cost price be Tk. x.

∴ Selling price = Tk. 1.3x

Now,
new SP = Tk. 2.6x

∴ Profit % = [(2.6x - x )/x] × 100 % = 160%

১৫.

If an article is sold for Tk. 178 at a loss of 11%, what should be its selling price in order to earn a profit of 11%?

ক
Tk. 222
খ
Tk. 224
গ
Tk. 228
ঘ
Tk. 232

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Tk. 222

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Tk. 222

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

Question: If an article is sold for Tk. 178 at a loss of 11%, what should be its selling price in order to earn a profit of 11%?

Solution:

SP of the article = Tk. 178

Loss % = 11%

∴ CP = {100/(100 - 11)} × 178

= (178 × 100)/89 = 200

Now CP = Tk. 200 and Profit% = 11%

∴ New SP = {(100 + 11)/100} × 200 = (111 × 200)/100 = 222

Therefore, the article should be sold at Tk. 222

১৬.

Rasel bought accessories worth Tk. 150. Out of the amount spent for buying accessories, Tk. 10 was spent on sales tax due to taxable purchases. If the tax rate was 10%, calculate the price of the tax-free items.

ক
Tk. 50
খ
Tk. 60
গ
Tk. 40
ঘ
Tk. 45

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Tk. 40

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Tk. 40

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Question: Rasel bought accessories worth Tk. 150. Out of the amount spent for buying accessories, Tk. 10 was spent on sales tax due to taxable purchases. If the tax rate was 10%, calculate the price of the tax-free items.

Solution:
Total Price = 150
Tax paid = 10
Paid Price of accessories without Tax = 150 - 10 = 140
Tax = 10%

Let the taxable purchases = Tk. x

⇒ 10% of x = 10

⇒ 0.1x = 10

∴ x = 100

∴ Price of Tax free items = 140 - 100 = 40

১৭.

A cloth merchant sold half of his cloth at 20% profit, half of the remaining at 20% loss and the rest was sold at the cost price. Calculate the overall profit% or loss%?

ক
5% loss
খ
7.5% loss
গ
7.5% profit
ঘ
5% profit

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

5% profit

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

5% profit

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Question: A cloth merchant sold half of his cloth at 20% profit, half of the remaining at 20% loss and the rest was sold at the cost price. Calculate the overall profit% or loss%?

Solution:

Let the CP of the whole cloth be x

CP of 1/2 cloth = x/2

CP of half of the remaining = x/4

SP of first half of cloth = (120 × x/2) ÷ 100

SP of the half of the remaining cloth = (80 × x/4) ÷ 100

SP of the remaining half = x/4

Total SP = (120 × x/2)/100 + (80 × x/4)/100 + x/4
= 3x/5 + x/5 + x/4
= (12x + 4x + 5x)/20
= 21x/20

Gain = 21x/20 - x = x/20

Gain % = (x/20)/x × 100% = 5%

১৮.

If A bought an article at Tk. 200 and sold it to B at 20% profit. Again B sold the article at 10% profit to C. Find the amount paid by C.

ক
Tk. 250
খ
Tk. 256
গ
Tk. 264
ঘ
Tk. 268

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Tk. 264

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Tk. 264

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Question: If A bought an article at Tk. 200 and sold it to B at 20% profit. Again B sold the article at 10% profit to C. Find the amount paid by C.

Solution:
Price paid by B = 200 + (200/100 × 20) = 200 + 40 = 240

∴ Price paid by C = 240 + (240/100 × 10) = 240 + 24 = 264

১৯.

Suppose a shopkeeper has bought 1 kg of apples for Tk. 100. And sold it for Tk. 120 per kg. How much is the profit gained by him?

ক
Tk. 20
খ
Tk. 10
গ
Tk. 25
ঘ
Data inadequate

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Tk. 20

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Tk. 20

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

Question: Suppose a shopkeeper has bought 1 kg of apples for Tk. 100. And sold it for Tk. 120 per kg. How much is the profit gained by him?

Solution:

Cost Price for apples is Tk. 100

Selling Price for apples is Tk. 120

Then profit gained by shopkeeper is = SP - CP = 120 - 100 = Tk. 20

২০.

Param purchased a bicycle for Tk. 5954. He had paid a VAT of 14.5%. Find the list price of the bicycle.

ক
Tk. 5400
খ
Tk. 5800
গ
Tk. 5200
ঘ
Tk. 6817.33

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Tk. 5200

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Tk. 5200

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Question: Param purchased a bicycle for Tk. 5954. He had paid a VAT of 14.5%. Find the list price of the bicycle.

Solution:
Let the list price be Tk. a.
VAT = 14.5%

So,
a × (114.5/100) = 5954

⇒ a = (5954 × 100)/114.5

⇒ a = 5200

∴ The list price of the bicycle was Tk. 5200.

২১.

A man buys a fan for Tk. 1000 and sells it at a loss of 15%. What is the selling price of the fan?

ক
Tk. 950
খ
Tk. 850
গ
Tk. 890
ঘ
Tk. 915

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Tk. 850

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Tk. 850

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Question: A man buys a fan for Tk. 1000 and sells it at a loss of 15%. What is the selling price of the fan?

Solution:
Cost Price of the fan is Tk.1000

Loss percentage is 15%

As we know,
Loss percentage = (Loss/Cost Price) × 100

15 = (Loss/1000) × 100

∴ Loss = 150

As we know,

Loss = Cost Price - Selling Price

∴ Selling Price = Cost Price - Loss

= 1000 - 150

= 850

∴ Selling Price = Tk. 850

২২.

If the cost price of 5 oranges is equal to the selling price of 4 oranges, then find a profit percentage.

ক
15%
খ
30%
গ
20%
ঘ
25%

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

25%

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

25%

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Question: If the cost price of 5 oranges is equal to the selling price of 4 oranges, then find a profit percentage.

Solution:
ধরি,
৫টি কমলার ক্রয়মূল্য ক টাকা
∴ ১টি কমলার ক্রয়মূল্য ক/৫ টাকা

৪ টি কমলার বিক্রয়মূল্য ক টাকা
∴ ১ টি কমলার বিক্রয়মূল্য ক/৪ টাকা

∴ লাভ = ক/৪ - ক/৫ = (৫ক - ৪ক)/২০ = ক/২০

শতকরা লাভ = (ক/২০)/(ক/৫) × ১০০% = ২৫%

২৩.

If a pen cost Tk. 50 after 10% discount, then what is the actual price or marked price (MP) of the pen?

ক
Tk. 50.55
খ
Tk. 60.66
গ
Tk. 55.55
ঘ
Tk. 50

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Tk. 55.55

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Tk. 55.55

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Question: If a pen cost Tk.50 after 10% discount, then what is the actual price or marked price (MP) of the pen?

Solution:

Since, we know;

MP - D = SP ........(1)

where MP is marked price, D is discount, SP is selling price.

Percentage discount, D% = D/MP × 100

⇒ D = (D% × MP)/100 ........(2)

Substitute value of D in (1).

MP - (D% × MP)/100 = SP

⇒ MP × (100 - D%)/100 = SP

Putting the given values in formula

MP × (100 - 10)/100 = 50

⇒ MP × (90/100) = 50

⇒ MP = (50 × 100)/90

∴ MP = 55.55

২৪.

10 pens costs Tk. 100 each. If half of the pens are sold at 10% loss then find at what price remaining each pen should be sold for making no loss and no profit.

ক
Tk. 110
খ
Tk. 112
গ
Tk. 120
ঘ
Tk. 90

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Tk. 110

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Tk. 110

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

Question: 10 pens costs Tk. 100 each. If half of the pens are sold at 10% loss then find at what price remaining each pen should be sold for making no loss and no profit.

Solution:
Total cost price of 10 pens = 10 × 100 = Tk. 1000

Selling price of 1 pen = 100 - (100 × 10%) = Tk. 90
Hence, selling price of 5 pens = Tk. 450

Now, selling price of remaining 5 pens = 1000 - 450 = Tk. 550
Hence, selling price of 1 pen = Tk. 110

২৫.

A student bought a bag for Tk. 350 and later sold it for Tk. 400. Find the profit percentage he earned.

ক
17.29%
খ
14.29%
গ
16.57%
ঘ
11.11%

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

14.29%

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

14.29%

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Question: A student bought a bag for Tk. 350 and later sold it for Tk. 400. Find the profit percentage he earned.

Solution:
Here,
CP = 350, and SP = 400

As SP > CP,

∴ Profit = SP - CP = 400 - 350 = 50.

Profit% = (50/350) ×100%

=100/7 %
= 14.29%