লগ ইননিবন্ধন
পরীক্ষা আর্কাইভ

৪৮তম বিশেষ বিসিএস [স্বাস্থ্য] ⎯ মেডিকেল অংশ [Archived]

পরীক্ষা৪৮তম বিশেষ বিসিএস [স্বাস্থ্য] ⎯ মেডিকেল অংশ [Archived]তারিখতারিখ অনির্ধারিতসময়20 minutes
মোট প্রশ্ন৪০
সিলেবাস
Exam - 23 Forensic Medicine [Full Subject]
প্রশ্ন দেখুনঅনুশীলন
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

৪৮তম বিশেষ বিসিএস [স্বাস্থ্য] ⎯ মেডিকেল অংশ [Archived]

৪৮তম বিশেষ বিসিএস [স্বাস্থ্য] ⎯ মেডিকেল অংশ [Archived] · তারিখ অনির্ধারিত · ৪০ প্রশ্ন

১.
Which genital finding strongly supports recent sexual intercourse in a rape victim?
  1. ক
    Hymenal tags
  2. খ
    Fresh tears or lacerations
  3. গ
    Normal vaginal discharge
  4. ঘ
    Cervical erosion
ব্যাখ্যা
Fresh hymenal/vaginal tears, bruises, or semen presence are key findings in recent sexual assault cases.
২.
Which injury qualifies as "grievous hurt" under BPC Section 320?
  1. ক
    Simple bruise
  2. খ
    Fracture or dislocation
  3. গ
    Superficial cut
  4. ঘ
    Temporary pain
ব্যাখ্যা
Grievous hurt (BPC 320) includes fractures, dislocations, permanent disfigurement, or injuries endangering life.
৩.
What is the difference between a dying declaration and a dying deposition?
  1. ক
    Dying declaration is oral; deposition is written
  2. খ
    Dying declaration is recorded by anyone; deposition is before a magistrate
  3. গ
    Deposition requires a doctor’s certification
  4. ঘ
    Declaration is only for homicide cases
ব্যাখ্যা
A dying declaration can be recorded by anyone (even police), while a dying deposition is a formal statement recorded by a magistrate.
৪.
Which type of witness provides expert opinion in court (e.g., a doctor)?
  1. ক
    Eyewitness
  2. খ
    Hostile witness
  3. গ
    Expert witness
  4. ঘ
    Character witness
ব্যাখ্যা
An expert witness (like a forensic doctor) provides specialized knowledge to assist the court in understanding evidence.
৫.
Which feature is most reliable for sex determination in skeletal remains?
  1. ক
    Skull shape
  2. খ
    Pelvic morphology
  3. গ
    Long bone length
  4. ঘ
    Rib curvature
ব্যাখ্যা
The pelvis (subpubic angle, sciatic notch, etc.) is the most reliable skeletal indicator of sex due to distinct male/female differences.
৬.
Which method is used to estimate fetal age before birth?
  1. ক
    Ossification centers
  2. খ
    Crown-rump length (ultrasound)
  3. গ
    Dental eruption
  4. ঘ
    Skull suture fusion
ব্যাখ্যা
Crown-rump length (CRL) via ultrasound is the most accurate method for estimating fetal age in early pregnancy.
৭.
Rigor mortis typically appears first in which muscles?
  1. ক
    Large muscles (thighs, back)
  2. খ
    Small muscles (eyelids, fingers)
  3. গ
    Heart muscles
  4. ঘ
    Smooth muscles
ব্যাখ্যা
Rigor mortis appears first in smaller muscle groups (jaw, eyelids, fingers) before progressing to larger muscles.
৮.
Which autopsy finding is pathognomonic for death by hanging?
  1. ক
    Froth in airways
  2. খ
    Ligature mark with a furrow oblique and incomplete
  3. গ
    Cherry-red lividity
  4. ঘ
    Pugilistic posture
ব্যাখ্যা
In hanging, the ligature mark is oblique, incomplete, and usually above the thyroid cartilage, distinguishing it from strangulation.
৯.
Which preservative is recommended for preserving viscera for chemical analysis?
  1. ক
    10% formalin
  2. খ
    90% alcohol
  3. গ
    Saturated sodium chloride
  4. ঘ
    Saturated solution of common salt
ব্যাখ্যা
For chemical analysis of viscera in suspected poisoning, saturated solution of common salt is the recommended preservative. Formalin is avoided as it fixes tissues and may interfere with chemical detection of poisons.
১০.
Which permanent tooth is most reliable for age estimation in adolescents?
  1. ক
    First molar
  2. খ
    Lateral incisor
  3. গ
    Canine
  4. ঘ
    Third molar (wisdom tooth)
ব্যাখ্যা
The third molar erupts around the age of 17–21 years, making it useful for estimating the transition into adulthood. However, its eruption is variable, so it is used cautiously in age estimation during late adolescence.
১১.
A person with both testicular tissue and ovarian tissue is classified as having which condition?
  1. ক
    Pseudohermaphroditism
  2. খ
    Gonadal agenesis
  3. গ
    True hermaphroditism
  4. ঘ
    Gonadal dysgenesis
ব্যাখ্যা
True hermaphroditism (now termed ovotesticular disorder of sexual development) is characterized by the presence of both ovarian and testicular tissue. This is distinct from pseudohermaphroditism, where external genitalia do not match the gonads.
১২.
What is the recommended time frame to examine a rape victim for maximum evidence collection?
  1. ক
    Within 72 hours
  2. খ
    After 7 days
  3. গ
    Within 2 weeks
  4. ঘ
    Any time after assault
ব্যাখ্যা
The first 72 hours after a sexual assault are crucial for forensic evidence collection (e.g., semen, injuries, hair, foreign materials). Beyond this, evidence deteriorates or is lost due to natural body processes or washing.
১৩.
What is the first step a doctor must take before examining a sexual assault survivor?
  1. ক
    Collect swabs
  2. খ
    Inform police
  3. গ
    Obtain informed consent
  4. ঘ
    Examine genitalia
ব্যাখ্যা
Informed consent is legally and ethically mandatory before any examination, sample collection, or reporting in cases of sexual assault. Consent should be taken in the language the survivor understands, and for each procedure separately.
১৪.
In police inquest, the inquiring officer is usually of which rank?
  1. ক
    DSP
  2. খ
    Inspector
  3. গ
    Sub-Inspector
  4. ঘ
    Magistrate
ব্যাখ্যা
In India, police inquests are usually done by the officer-in-charge, typically a sub-inspector.
১৫.
Which of the following is the most commonly used incision for a routine autopsy examination?
  1. ক
    T-shaped incision
  2. খ
    Y-shaped incision
  3. গ
    Straight midline incision
  4. ঘ
    J-shaped incision
ব্যাখ্যা
The straight midline incision, extending from the suprasternal notch to the pubic symphysis, is the most common and versatile incision used in autopsies to expose the thoracic and abdominal organs.
১৬.
What is the primary medico-legal importance of accurate age determination?
  1. ক
    To determine the financial status of an individual
  2. খ
    To establish criminal responsibility and competency
  3. গ
    To predict future health conditions
  4. ঘ
    To assess educational attainment
ব্যাখ্যা
Accurate age determination is crucial in medico-legal cases to establish criminal responsibility (e.g., whether someone is a minor or an adult for legal proceedings), determine competency to stand trial, and for identification purposes.
১৭.
Which of the following describes a "hostile witness"?
  1. ক
    A witness who provides testimony in favor of the prosecution
  2. খ
    A witness who provides testimony in favor of the defense
  3. গ
    A witness who shows antagonism towards the party calling them to testify
  4. ঘ
    A witness who has no direct knowledge of the facts of the case
ব্যাখ্যা
A hostile witness is a witness who, during examination by the party who called them, shows antagonism, bias, or an unwillingness to tell the truth or cooperate, often trying to harm the case of the party who called them.
১৮.
Which of the following injuries would NOT typically be classified as "grievous hurt" under legal definitions?
  1. ক
    Permanent privation of the sight of an eye
  2. খ
    Fracture or dislocation of a bone
  3. গ
    Simple abrasion or bruise
  4. ঘ
    Any hurt which endangers life
ব্যাখ্যা
Grievous hurt refers to severe injuries, including emasculation, permanent privation of sight or hearing, privation of any member or joint, destruction or permanent impairing of the powers of any member or joint, fracture or dislocation of a bone, any hurt which endangers life, or causes severe bodily pain for a certain period. A simple abrasion or bruise is considered a "simple hurt.
১৯.
Which type of autopsy is conducted under legal authority to investigate sudden, suspicious, or violent deaths?
  1. ক
    Clinical autopsy
  2. খ
    Anatomical autopsy
  3. গ
    Medico-legal autopsy
  4. ঘ
    Virtual autopsy
ব্যাখ্যা
Medico-legal autopsies are performed under legal authority (e.g., police or magistrate orders) to determine cause and manner of death in unnatural cases. Clinical autopsies focus on disease study, anatomical on education, and virtual uses imaging.
২০.
What is the primary purpose of an inquest in forensic medicine?
  1. ক
    To issue a medical certificate
  2. খ
    To perform an autopsy
  3. গ
    To legally investigate the cause and circumstances of death
  4. ঘ
    To preserve viscera for toxicology
ব্যাখ্যা
An inquest is a judicial inquiry led by a magistrate or coroner to establish facts surrounding a death, distinct from a chalan.
২১.
Which pelvic feature best distinguishes female from male skeletons?
  1. ক
    Subpubic angle
  2. খ
    Wider sciatic notch
  3. গ
    Narrow sacrum
  4. ঘ
    Obturator foramen shape
ব্যাখ্যা
Females exhibit a wider sciatic notch (>68°) vs. males (<68°)
২২.
Which finding strongly suggests recent forced penetration?
  1. ক
    Hymenal tags
  2. খ
    Fresh lacerations at posterior fourchette
  3. গ
    Vaginal discharge
  4. ঘ
    Cervical ectropion
ব্যাখ্যা
Acute tears (e.g., at fourchette) indicate trauma; chronic findings like tags are nonspecific.
২৩.
What is the characteristic autopsy finding in cyanide poisoning?
  1. ক
    Cherry-red blood
  2. খ
    Frothy sputum
  3. গ
    Greenish skin discoloration
  4. ঘ
    Marbling of veins
ব্যাখ্যা
Cherry-red blood is a hallmark finding in cyanide poisoning due to the inhibition of oxygen utilization, causing bright red oxyhemoglobin to persist.
২৪.
The earliest deciduous teeth to erupt are:
  1. ক
    Canines
  2. খ
    Central incisors
  3. গ
    Molars
  4. ঘ
    Lateral incisors
ব্যাখ্যা
Lower central incisors erupt around 6–7 months, making them the first deciduous teeth to appear. Dental eruption is crucial in pediatric age estimation.
২৫.
Rule of Hasse for fetal age: at 5 months, fetal length (cm) =
  1. ক
    25 cm
  2. খ
    15 cm
  3. গ
    20 cm
  4. ঘ
    30 cm
ব্যাখ্যা
According to Hasse's rule:

Up to 5 months: Length = (Age in months)²

After 5 months: Length = (Age in months) × 5

So, 5×5 = 25 cm.
২৬.
Barr body is best seen in:
  1. ক
    RBC
  2. খ
    Buccal epithelial cell
  3. গ
    Neutrophil
  4. ঘ
    Liver cell
ব্যাখ্যা
Barr body is the inactivated X chromosome visible as a chromatin mass in female buccal cells.
২৭.
In a child rape case, hymenal tear is best evaluated using:
  1. ক
    Speculum
  2. খ
    Torch
  3. গ
    Colposcope
  4. ঘ
    Palpation
ব্যাখ্যা
Colposcopy provides magnification and better visualization of genital injuries without causing additional trauma, especially in children.
২৮.
Two-finger test is considered:
  1. ক
    Essential
  2. খ
    Illegal and unconstitutional
  3. গ
    Optional
  4. ঘ
    Recommended in virgins only
ব্যাখ্যা
As per Supreme Court, this test violates privacy and dignity. It cannot determine past sexual activity or consent.
 
২৯.
Potency in legal terms refers to:
  1. ক
    Fertility
  2. খ
    Ability to father a child
  3. গ
    Ability to perform sexual act
  4. ঘ
    Libido
ব্যাখ্যা
Potency implies capacity to achieve erection and penetration, which is relevant in rape, annulment, and impotence cases.
৩০.
A fitness certificate is issued for:
  1. ক
    Travel
  2. খ
    Disability
  3. গ
    Fit to work, study, or participate in events
  4. ঘ
    Insurance claim
ব্যাখ্যা
It certifies a person is medically fit for the intended activity. Common before employment, surgery, or court appearances.
৩১.
A doctor refusing treatment to a patient in an emergency is violating which principle?
  1. ক
    Justice
  2. খ
    Autonomy
  3. গ
    Beneficence
  4. ঘ
    Veracity
ব্যাখ্যা
Beneficence obliges doctors to act in the best interest of patients, especially in emergencies where refusal can harm the patient.
৩২.
Engaging in adultery with a patient is categorized as:
  1. ক
    Professional etiquette
  2. খ
    Professional misconduct
  3. গ
    Legal negligence
  4. ঘ
    Civil wrong only
ব্যাখ্যা
Sexual relations with a patient are a clear breach of professional boundaries, punishable under medical council rules.
৩৩.
A doctor has the right to refuse treatment when:
  1. ক
    Patient is mentally ill
  2. খ
    Patient is in emergency
  3. গ
    Treatment is outside the doctor’s expertise
  4. ঘ
    Patient is poor
ব্যাখ্যা
A doctor can ethically and legally decline a case beyond their specialty, except in emergencies.
৩৪.
Medical etiquette refers to:
  1. ক
    Legal duties of a doctor
  2. খ
    Criminal responsibilities
  3. গ
    Code of conduct among doctors
  4. ঘ
    Rules for pharmaceutical companies
ব্যাখ্যা
Etiquette refers to interpersonal behavior between medical professionals (e.g., respecting referrals, communication).
৩৫.
What is the ethical responsibility of a doctor when a patient presents with a condition outside their area of expertise?
  1. ক
    Attempt to treat the condition anyway
  2. খ
    Refer the patient to a qualified specialist
  3. গ
    Dismiss the patient
  4. ঘ
    Prescribe broad-spectrum medication
ব্যাখ্যা
When a patient's condition falls outside a doctor's scope of expertise, the ethical responsibility is to refer the patient to a competent and qualified specialist who can provide appropriate care.
৩৬.
A patient's right to refuse treatment, even if it may lead to their death, is rooted in the principle of:
  1. ক
    Beneficence
  2. খ
    Non-maleficence
  3. গ
    Autonomy
  4. ঘ
    Justice
ব্যাখ্যা
Patient autonomy is the principle that individuals have the right to make their own decisions about their medical care, including the right to refuse treatment, provided they are competent to do so.
৩৭.
Which of the following is a fundamental right of a patient?
  1. ক
    The right to demand any treatment they desire
  2. খ
    The right to receive information about their condition and treatment options
  3. গ
    The right to dictate the doctor's working hours
  4. ঘ
    The right to access medical records of other patients
ব্যাখ্যা
Patients have the right to be fully informed about their medical condition, proposed treatments, potential risks and benefits, and alternative options, allowing them to make informed decisions about their healthcare.
৩৮.
Which type of autopsy is performed to study disease processes and medical research?
  1. ক
    Medico-legal autopsy
  2. খ
    Clinical/Pathological autopsy
  3. গ
    Virtual autopsy (Virtopsy)
  4. ঘ
    Psychological autopsy
ব্যাখ্যা
A clinical/pathological autopsy is conducted for medical research, disease diagnosis, or educational purposes, unlike a medico-legal autopsy, which is for legal investigations.
৩৯.
Which autopsy finding is characteristic of antemortem burning?
  1. ক
    Pugilistic posture (boxer’s stance)
  2. খ
    Blackened soot in airways
  3. গ
    Cherry-red lividity
  4. ঘ
    Absence of rigor mortis
ব্যাখ্যা
Pugilistic posture (flexion of limbs due to muscle contraction) is seen in antemortem burns, distinguishing it from postmortem burns.
৪০.
Which autopsy finding confirms death by drowning?
  1. ক
    Frothy fluid in airways/lungs
  2. খ
    Petal-shaped hemorrhages (Paltauf’s spots)
  3. গ
    Cadaveric spasm (grasping weeds)
  4. ঘ
    All of the above
ব্যাখ্যা
Drowning is confirmed by frothy fluid in airways, water in stomach/sinuses, and diatoms in bone marrow. Paltauf’s spots (pleural hemorrhages) and cadaveric spasm are supportive but not pathognomonic.