স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য) - লং কোর্স

Explanation -
Lower urinary tract symptoms :
Dysuria,Frequency, Urgency 
Impaired urinary flow,Hesitency,Dribbling of urine,Incomplete emptying of bladder
Urinary retention
Incontinence

Explanation -
Asthma is a chronic disorder of the conducting airways,usually caused by immunological reaction,is marked by episodic bronchoconstriction. 
Menifested by recurrent episodes of wheezing,breathlessness,chest tightness,Cough

Explanation :
Hepatitis B related infection :
Partially dsDNA
Hepadna virus
Route of transmission  : Parenteral, sexual contact,Perinatal
Frequency of chronic liver disease : 5-10%

Explanation :
Pre renal cause of acute renal failure :
Cardiac failure
Sepsis
Blood loss
Dehydration
Vascular occlusion 

Drug causing hepatitis -
Isoniazide
Rifampicin
NSAID
Co-amoxiclav
Chrorpromazine
Statins

Explanation :
Causes of bronchiactasis :
Congenital or hereditary conditions
Infections
Bronchial obstruction
Rheumatoid arthritis,SLE,Inflammatory bowel disease,COPD,Post transplantation

Explanation -
Painless haematuria :
Glomerulonephritis 
Tumors of the kidney,ureter,bladder or prostate
Tuberculosis
Interstitial nephritis
Coagulation disorder

Painful haematuria :
Urinary tract infections
Renal calculi
Loin pain haematuria syndrome 

Explanation :
Indications of renal replacement therapy -
K+ level >6 mmol/L
Fluid overload
Pulmonary oedema
S.creatinine >6.8 mg/dl
Plasma urea level >30 mmol/L
Metabolic acidosis

Explanation :
WHO criteria for metabolic syndrome -
Diabetes malitus
Blood pressure >140 /90
Dyslipidemia
Central obesity
Microalbuminuria

Features of consolidation -
Crepitation
Bronchial breath sound

Explanation :
Esophageal causes of hematemesis -
Laceration( Mallory weiss syndrome) 
Esophageal perforation
Varices ( cirrhosis)  most common
Chemical esophagitis
Esophageal ulcer

Explanation :
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia -
Haemolytic anaemia
Ineffective erythropoiesis
Reduced hepatic uptake
Breast milk jaundice
Physiologic jaundice
Gilbert syndrome
Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia -
Dublin johnson syndrome
Autoimmune cholangiopathies

Explanation :
Criteria of non cardiac chest pain :
Peripheral localized
No radiation
Sharp, stabbing,catching
Spontaneous 
Not relieved by rest

Explanation :
H.pylori associated gastritis -
Inflammatory infiltrate - Neutrophil, plasma cell
Location - Antrum
Acid production - Increased to slightly decreased 
Gastrin - Normal to drcreased
Sequelae - Peptic ulcer,Adenocarcinoma,MALToma

Explanation :
Factors associated with PUD -
H.pylori
OCP
Smoking
Alcohol
Drugs - NSAID
Psychological

Explanation :
Gastric ulcer
Ruptures oesophageal varices
Carcinoma of stomach
Ruptured oesophageal varices

Explanation :
Most common bronchogenic carcinoma :
Male - Squamous cell carcinoma
Female - Adenocarcinoma

Explanation :
Frequencies -
VSD - 42%
ASD - 10%

Explanation :
Payhological cause of palpitation :
Atrial fibrillation
SVT
Ventricular extrasystole
Atrial extrasyatole
Dropped beats
Thyrotoxicosis

Explanation :
Complications of peptic ulcer disease -
Bleeding (15-20%) 
Perforation (5%)
Obstruction (2%)

Explanation -
Diatary factors reduce risk for colorectal carcinoma -
Folic acid
Fibers
Calcium
Omega 3 fatty acid

In this question, insteed of the word 'appendicitis' it should be 'pancreatitis'.
The question is canceled due to wrong word apearance in question.

Explanation :
Most common cause of acute pancreatitis is gall stone

Explanation :
The 4 cardinal features of TOF -
1. VSD
2.Obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract
3.An aorta that overrides the VSD
4.Right ventricular hypertrophy 

Explanation :
Most common cause of community acquired pneumonia -
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Nosochomial / hospital acquired pneumonia -
E.coli

Explanation :
Common causes of AF -
Mitral stenosis 
Hypertension 
Thyrotoxicosis
IHD
Idiopathic / lone AF

Explanation :
The dominant cause of IHD syndrome is insufficient coronary perfusion relative to myocardial demand, due to chronic, progressive atherosclerotic narrowing of the epicardial coronary arteries

In this question, insteed of the word 'SAAG ' it should be 'High SAAG'.
The question is canceled due to linguistic issues in the question.

Explanation :
High SAAG -
Portal hypertension 
Heart failure
Nephrotic syndrome 
Hepatic venous obstruction
Constrictive pericarditis
Kwashiorkor 
Low SAAG -
Infection
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Pancreatitis
Serositis
Hypothyroidism

Explanation :
Glomerular syndrome :
Nephritic syndrome
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis 
Nephrotic syndrome 
Chronic renal failure
Isolated urinary abnormalities

Explanation :
IBS is characterized by chronic,relapsing,abdominal pain,bloating,and changes in bowel habits.
Peak prevalence 20-40 years
Related to menstruation of a women

Explanation :
Target organ damage by hypertension -
Blood vessels
Central nervous system 
Retina
Heart
Kidneys

Explanation :
Pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome -
Caused by a derangement in glomerular capillary walls resulting in increased permeability to plasma proteins

Explanation :
Clinical features of cirthosis of liver -
Jaundice
Ascitis
Hepatomegaly
Spider nevi
Gynaecomastia
Loss of libido

Explanation :
Causes of sudden cardiac death -
Heriditary or acquired abnormalities of the cardiac conduction system
Congenital coronary artery abnormalities
Mitral valve prolapse
Myocarditis or sarcoidosis
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Pulmonary hypertension
Myocardial hypertrophy 

Explanation :
Obstructive pulmonary disease -
Asthma
COPD

Explanation :
Major criteria of rheumatic fever :
Carditis 
Polyarthritis( migratory) 
Chorea
Erythema marginatum
Subcutaneous nodules
Minor criteria :
Fever
Arthalgia
Previous rheumatic fever
Raised ESR
Leucocytosis
First degree AV block

Explanation :
Crohns disease -
Bowel region : Ileum + colon
Distribution : Skip lesion
Stricture present
Transmural inflammation 
Lymphoid reaction : Marked

Explanation :
AGN -
Age group : 6-12 years
Haematuria : Present
Hypertension : Present
Mild to moderate proteiniurea

Explanation :
Causes of portal hypertension :
Obstructive thtombosis of portal vein
Cirrhosis
Nodular hyperplasia of liver
Massive fatty change
Diffuse granulomatous disease
Right sided heart failure