ব্যাংক নিয়োগ প্রস্তুতি ⎯ লং কোর্স

• Complete Sentence: Don’t wallow in regret; learn from your mistakes and strive to do better next time.

• Wallow in (phrasal verb with wallow verb)
English Meaning: to allow yourself to enjoy something completely.
Bangla Meaning: নিমজ্জিত থাকা; গড়াগড়ি দেওয়া।

Example Sentences:
1. After the breakup, she chose to wallow in her sadness for a few days before trying to move on.
2. Instead of trying to solve the problem, he preferred to wallow in his frustration.

Source:
1. Cambridge Dictionary.
2. Accessible Dictionary by Bangla Academy.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - to gathering.
- Complete sentence: With the pandemic finally under control, many families are looking forward to gathering together for the holidays and celebrating traditions they’ve missed over the past few years.

• Use of Look forward:
- Look forward এরপর to + verb + ing বসে।

• Example:
- I am looking forward to receiving your letter.
- I am looking forward to seeing you.
- My friend is looking forward to going to London.
- He is looking forward to starting his new job.

• এছাড়াও, বাক্যে mind, cannot help, could not help, with a view to, look forward to, be used to, get used to, worth ইত্যাদির পর কোনাে Verb আসলে উক্ত Verb - এর সাথে ing যুক্ত হয়।
যেমন:
- He came to Dhaka with a view to visiting a new place.
- Would you mind closing the door?
- I don't mind taking a cup of tea.
- He cannot help laughing out loud.

Source: Applied English Grammar and Composition, P.C. DAS.

• Complete Sentence: Before the championship game began, the athletes gathered on the field to limber up with a series of stretches, light jogging, and dynamic exercises to ensure they wouldn’t pull any muscles during the intense match.

• limber up (phrasal verb with limber verb)
English Meaning: to prepare the body for physical activity by stretching or doing warm-up exercises.
Bangla Meaning: সহজে বাঁকানো যায় এমন; নমনীয়।

- "ওয়ার্ম-আপ করার জন্য স্ট্রেচিং করা" বোঝাতে limber এর পর সাধারণত 'up' preposition হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Example Sentence:
1. Before the game, the athletes need to limber up to prevent injuries.
2. She spent a few minutes limbering up before starting her dance routine.

Source: Cambridge Dictionary.

• Collins Dictionary এবং Longman Dictionary অনুসারে Watch এর পর verb এর base form অথবা verb+ing দুটিই হতে পারে।
- এছাড়া, কোন simple sentence এ দুটি main verb ব্যবহার করা যায় না।
- তাই একটি verb এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয়।

• তাই, এখানে, playing সঠিক উত্তর।
- Complete sentence: She watched the children playing in the park, their laughter echoing through the air.

• From Collins Dictionary -
• If you watch someone or something, you look at them, usually for a period of time, and pay attention to what is happening.
- The man was standing in his doorway watching him. 
- He watched the waiter prepare the coffee he had ordered. 
- Chris watched him sipping his brandy. 
- I watched as Amy ate a few nuts. 

• From Longman Dictionary -
• watch somebody/something do/doing something
- I watched him go, then went home.
- Ruth could not bear to watch her parents arguing.

• If-যুক্ত clause-এর প্রথম অংশ Past Indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশে subject-এর পরে would/could/might বসে এবং verb-এর Present form হয়। অর্থাৎ, structure টি হয় ‘If + Past indefinite’—(Subject + would/could/might + verb-এর Present form)।

• If I had more experience in graphic design, I would apply for that job at the prestigious advertising agency downtown.
- বাক্যটি একটি Second Conditional বাক্য, যেখানে প্রথম অংশে Past indefinite tense (had) এবং পরের অংশে would এর পরে Present form (apply) ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে।
-এই structure-এ If + Past Indefinite → Subject + might/could/would + verb (Present form) হয়।
অর্থাৎ: If I had more experience in graphic design, I would apply for that job at the prestigious advertising agency downtown.

Source: English Grammar Today - Cambridge & Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.

• Bask in something:
Meaning: to take pleasure from something that makes you feel good.

Complete sentence: After receiving the promotion he had longed for, he spent the evening with his family, basking in their pride and happiness for his achievement.

• Appropriate preposition এর ক্ষেত্রে,
- Bask এর সাথে in বসে।
- তাই শূন্যস্থানে in বসালে বাক্যটি পরিপূর্ণ হয়।

Source: Cambridge Dictionary.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - are heading.
- Complete sentence: They are heading home now to get some rest.

• Now, at this moment, right now, gradually, step by step ইত্যাদি হচ্ছে  present continuous tense indicator বা নির্দেশক। 
- অর্থাৎ বাক্যে At this moment, now, right now নির্দেশক শব্দগুলো থাকলে বাক্যটি সাধারণত present continuous tense এ হয়।

• Present Continuous Tense:
- বর্তমানে কোন কাজ চলছে বা নিকট ভবিষ্যতে চলবে এরূপ বোঝালে present continuous tense হয়।
• Present Continuous tense এর structure: 
- Subject + am/is/are + sub + verb + ing + extension.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - were.
- Complete sentence: Not only the bride but also the guests were impressed by the breathtaking decorations at the wedding venue.

- not only... but also থাকলে but also এর পরের Noun/ pronoun (the band members - plural) অনুযায়ী Verb বসবে।
- বাক্যটি Passive, তাই are praised হয়েছে।

• Either ............ or, Neither ............ nor, not only ...... but also দ্বারা যুক্ত ২টি Noun এর শেষেরটির Number ও Person অনুযায়ী verb বসে।
- যেমন:  Either he or his brothers are responsible for the occurrence.

• Past Perfect Tense এর ব্যবহার: 
• Past perfect tense + before + past indefinite tense
- অর্থাৎ  before এর পূর্বে Past perfect tense এবং পরে Past indefinite tense হয়।
- The cyclist had looked cautiously before he crossed the main street.

• Past indefinite tense + after + Past perfect tense
- অর্থাৎ after এর পরে Past perfect tense এবং পূর্বে Past indefinite tense হয়।
- He crossed the main street after the cyclist had looked cautiously.

তাই, Complete Sentence - They had already set up the equipment before the event started, making the process much smoother.

• Complete Sentence: After spending the whole day shopping and running errands, I was too tired to do anything else and sacked out on the couch with a cup of tea and a good book.

• sack out (phrasal verb with sack verb)
English Meaning: to go to bed.
Bangla Meaning: শুয়ে পড়া।

- "শুয়ে পড়া" বোঝাতে sack এরপর preposition হিসেবে সাধারণত 'out' বসে।

Example Sentence:
1. After a long day at work, I just want to sack out on the couch.
2. It's late - I'm going to sack out.

Source:
1. Cambridge Dictionary.
2.  Accessible Dictionary by Bangla Academy.

• No sooner had ..... than, Scarcely had ....... when, hardly had ..... before থাকলে than, when, when এর পূর্বে verb এর past participle এবং পরে verb এর past form হয়।
• অর্থাৎ, Scarcely had দ্বারা বাক্য শুরু হলে পরের clause টি when দ্বারা শুরু করতে হয় এবং প্রথম clause টি past perfect + verb এর past participle এবং দ্বিতীয় clause টি past indefinite হয়।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - Scarcely had the teacher begun the lesson when the students started asking questions.

• মনে রাখা জরুরি,
- no sooner...than, scarcely..when, hardly...when এভাবে আসে। 
- যেমন:
- No sooner had the thief seen the police than he ran away.
- Hardly had I reached the station when the train came.
- Scarcely had we reached the station, when the train left.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - on.
- Complete sentence: The approval of the new policy is contingent on further discussions with the stakeholders and a final vote by the board.

• Contingent on/upon something
English Meaning: depending on something else in the future in order to happen.
Bangla Meaning: (কোনো কিছু) সাপেক্ষ (ঘটতে পারে আবার না-ও পারে)।

Example:
- Outdoor activities are, as ever, contingent on the weather.

Source:
1. Cambridge Dictionary
2. Accessible Dictionary by Bnagla Academy.

• Already, just, yet, recently, lately, ever, just now, still, etc ইত্যাদি হচ্ছে  present perfect tense indicator বা নির্দেশক। 
- অর্থাৎ বাক্যে already, just, yet, recently, lately, ever, just now, still নির্দেশক শব্দগুলো থাকলে বাক্যটি সাধারণত present perfect  tense এ হয়।

Present perfect tense এর  structure:
- Subject+ has/have +Verb এর past participle + object.
- She has met her mother just now.

• সুতরাং, শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - haven’t decided.
- Complete sentence: We haven’t decided on a date for the conference yet

• Yet যদি 'এখনও' অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয় তাহলে Present Perfect Tense এ Auxiliary verb এবং Principal verb এর মাঝখানে বসে। 
যেমন:
- He has not yet come.
- The tree has not yet born fruit. 

• আর Yet যদি 'তবুও/তথাপি' অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয় তাহলে সাধারণত বাক্যের শুরুতে অথবা শেষে বসে।
যেমন:
- He did not behave with me well. Yet, I respect him.

• Complete Sentence: I was completely vexed at the lack of transparency in the company's decision-making process, especially when I had worked so hard to provide them with all the necessary reports and suggestions.

• vexed (adjective)
English Meaning: affected with, marked by, or causing trouble or vexation.
Bangla Meaning: বিরক্ত/উত্যক্ত/জ্বালাতন/হয়রান করা।

- বিরক্ত করা বোঝাতে vexed এরপর preposition হিসেবে সাধারণত at বসে।

Source:
1. merriam-webster.
2. Accessible Dictionary by Bangla Academy.

• Use of Would rather:
- would rather is used as a modal auxiliary verb.
- কোনো কিছুর প্রতি বেশী পছন্দ বুঝাতে Would rather ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- সাধারণত Would rather বসে number of subject এবং meaning of sentence এর উপর নির্ভর করে।
- Would rather এর পর সবসময় verb এর base form বসে।

Structure: sub + would rather + verb এর base form + than + verb/noun.

Complete Sentence: I would rather work from home today than deal with the traffic on my way to the office.
Example Sentence:
1. She would rather walk to work than take the subway.
2. He would rather listen to classical music than pop songs.

• সঠিক উত্তরটি হবে - to handling.
- Complete sentence: They are used to handling customer complaints, so they remain calm and professional in difficult situations.

• Used to (phrase)
English Meaning: shows that a particular thing always happened or was true in the past, especially if it no longer happens or is no longer true.
Bangla Meaning: অতীতের নিত্য বা প্রায়িক ঘটনা নির্দেশে ব্যবহৃত।

• Modal auxiliary এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- শুধু Used to এর পর Verb এর base form বসে।
যেমন:
- I used to eat meat, but now I’m a vegetarian.
- He used to go to our school.

• তবে be (am, is, are, was, were) + used to থাকলে এর পর Verb+ing ব্যবহৃত হয়।
• Be used to/get used to এর পরে noun অথবা Gerund বসে।
• Structure: subject + be/get + used to + [verb + ing]/noun.
যেমন:
- I'm used to living in Paris.
- She’s used to working hard.
- He was used to waking up early for his morning jog.
- I am used to studying in crowded places.

Source:
1. Cambridge Dictionary.
2. Accessible Dictionary by Bangla Academy.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - off.
- Complete sentence: The politician was rumoured to be siphoning off donations intended for charity, funnelling the money into private accounts for personal gain.

• Siphon something off (phrasal verb with siphon verb)
English Meaning: to dishonestly take money from an organization or other supply, and use it for a purpose for which it was not intended.
Bangla Meaning: অসৎ উপায়ে অর্থ উপার্জন।

Source:
1. Cambridge Dictionary.
2. Accessible Dictionary by Bangla Academy.

• Complete Sentence: It is high time the government implemented stronger regulations to ensure the safety of consumers, especially in industries that handle hazardous materials.

• It is time/It is high time:
- It is time/It is high time থাকলে আর এর পর subject বসলে subject - এরপরের verb টি past indefinite form হয়।

• It is time ও It is high time এর পরে subject না এসে, কোন verb আসলে ঐ verb এর Infinitive form হবে।
- যেমন: It is high time to change our attitude.

Example Sentence:
1. It is high time we changed our attitude.
2. It is high time we addressed the environmental issues affecting our community.

Source: A Passage To The English Language: S. M. Zakir Hussain.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - moves.
- Complete sentence: He said, "Heat always moves from a hotter object to a cooler one, which is a basic principle of thermodynamics."

• 'General truth', 'universal truth' সবসময় present indefinite tense দ্বারা প্রকাশ করা হয়।
- Present indefinite tense এর structure হলো Subject + verb এর base form + object.
- subject টি third person singular number হলে verb এর সাথে 's' বা 'es' যুক্ত হয়)
- সুতরাং verb-টি হবে 'attracts'.

• Oblivious of:
Meaning: অচেতন; বিস্মৃত।

• Appropriate preposition এর ক্ষেত্রে,
- Oblivious এর সাথে 'অচেতন' অর্থ বুঝাতে of বসে।
- এই বাক্যটির ক্ষেত্রে of বসালে বাক্যটির অর্থ পরিপূর্ণ হয়।
- তাই এই বাক্যে preposition হিসেবে of বসবে।

Complete sentence: She walked into the meeting room, oblivious of the tension in the air, unaware that a serious discussion was about to begin.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain & Accessible Dictionary.

• Complete Sentence: As they neared the mountain pass, the driver throttled back on the speed, knowing the steep incline would require more careful handling of the car.

• throttle (something) back/down (phrasal verb with throttle verb)
English Meaning: to reduce speed, or to reduce the power and speed being produced by an engine.
Bangla Meaning: গতি বা পরিমাণ কমানো বা কিছু কমিয়ে আনা।

Source:
1. Cambridge Dictionary.
2. Accessible Dictionary by Bangla Academy.

• সাধারণত had এর পরে Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- তবে had better একটি Modal Auxiliary (had থাকা সত্ত্বেও) এর পর Verb এর base form বসবে।
- "Had better" একটি পরামর্শ বা সুপারিশ জানাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়, যা কোনো কিছু করা উচিত বা প্রয়োজনীয় তা নির্দেশ করে।

Complete sentence: We had better call ahead to make a reservation at the restaurant.

Complete Sentence: The chef carefully sprinkled fresh herbs on the dish, adding a burst of colour and flavour to the presentation.

• sprinkle (verb + noun)
English Meaning: to scatter in drops or particles/ the act or an instance of sprinkling.
Bangla Meaning: ছড়িয়ে বা ছিটিয়ে দেওয়া।

- "ছড়িয়ে বা ছিটিয়ে দেওয়া" বোঝাতে sprinkle এর পর preposition 'on' বসে।

Example Sentence:
1. We sprinkle salt on the fries.
2. She sprinkles cinnamon on the oatmeal.

Source: 
1. merriam-webster.
2. Accessible Dictionary by Bangla Academy.

• The correct form of the verb is - has been.
- Complete sentence: The team has been training for the competition for two months, and they are now ready to perform.

• ‘for/since’ এর পরে যখন point of time/period of time (for two hours, since morning etc.) উল্লেখ থাকে,তখন Present Perfect Continuous tense হয়।
- আবার, অতীতে কোন কাজ শুরু হয়ে বর্তমানে ও চলছে বুঝালে বাক্যটি Present Perfect Continuous Tense হয়।
- structure: Subject + have been / has been + verb (ing) + time.

• For এর ব্যবহার:
- Period of time এর পূর্বে for বসে। 
- Period of time হচ্ছে সেই সময়কাল যাকে সময় গণনার একক (সেকেন্ড, মিনিট, ঘন্টা, সপ্তাহ, মাস, বছর ইত্যাদি) দ্বারা গণনা করা হয়। যেমন-
- এক সেকেন্ড, এক মিনিট, এক ঘন্টা, এক সপ্তাহ, এক মাস, এক বছর, দুই বছর, ইত্যাদি।
-ব্যতিক্রম- (for) a long time (অনেক/দীর্ঘ সময়/ক্ষণ/দিন।)
যেমন-
- I have been working on the project for a week. 
- We have been reading in this school for four years.
- He said nothing for a long time.
- Rima has been working here for eight months.

• Since এর ব্যবহার:
- Point of time এর পূর্বে since বসে।
- Point of time হচ্ছে সেই সময়কাল যাকে এক, দুই, তিন ইত্যাদি গণনার একক দ্বারা গণনা করা যায় না বরং কোনো মুহূর্ত বা সময়কে নির্দেশ করে।
- যেমন- গত সোমবার, গত সপ্তাহ/মাস/বছর, দুইটা, সাড়ে তিনটা ইত্যাদি।
Example:
- It has been raining since morning.
- He has been studying since morning.

Source: Applied English Grammar & Composition, P.C. DAS.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর - in
Sentence: Even after several failed attempts to get the company’s approval for the new proposal, she persisted in refining her pitch and was eventually able to convince the board to move forward with her idea.

• Persist in something/in doing something: 
English Meaning - To try to do or continue doing something in a determined but often unreasonable way. 
Bangla Meaning - যুক্তি, ব্যর্থতা বা বিরোধিতা সত্ত্বেও কোনো বিষয়ে নিজস্ব অভিমত বজায় রাখা; নাছোড়বান্দার মতো অটল থাকা। 

• Example Sentences: 
- He persists in crossing the river even in very windy weather.
- If he persists in asking awkward questions, then send him to the boss.

• এছাড়াও, 
Persist with:
Meaning - কোনো বিষয়ে বিরতিহীনভাবে পরিশ্রম করে যাওয়া।
Example - The government is persisting with its ambitious public works programme.

Source: 
1. Cambridge Dictionary. 
2. Accessible Dictionary by Bangla Academy.