৪৮তম বিশেষ বিসিএস [স্বাস্থ্য] ⎯ ডেন্টাল অংশ [Archived]

The two teeth which can be removed by rotation only are maxillary central incisors and mandibular second premolar. (Ref-Vinod Kapoor)

The patient should not be kept in supine or reclined position to avoid pressure on inferior vena cava by the fetus, which results in poor venous return and hypotension. The patient is turned onto left side to relieve the pressure. (Ref-Vinod Kapoor)

Reactionary hemorrhage occurs within 24hours post-operatively due to rise of blood pressure or slipping of ligature. (Ref-Vinod Kapoor)

Usually the palatal root of maxillary first molar is present closer to maxillary sinus followed by maxillary second premolar, maxillary first premolar and last the maxillary second molar. (Ref- Vinod Kapoor)

Pain of dry socket is experienced on 3rd day after extraction. (Ref-Vinod Kapoor)

The ideal time to remove an impacted wisdom tooth is when one-third to two-thirds of the root is formed, which generally corresponds with the middle to late teenage years.If it is removed too early, when no root is formed, the extraction process is difficult because the tooth tends to roll around in its bony crypt. If ,on the other hand,the roots are completely formed,the tooth is anchored firmly in place. (Ref- Critical decision in Periodontology by WALTER B. HALL)

The six factors chosen for scoring in WHARFE assessments are-   Winter’s classification, Height of mandible, Angulation of third molar, Root shape, Follicle, Path of Exit of tooth during removal. (Ref-Srinivasan)

Action of toxic doses of local anesthesia on CNS can be described as first stimulating the CNS followed by depression. (Ref-Vinod Kapoor)

It is difficult to obtain local infiltration anesthesia in the presence of inflammation because of decreased pH. (Ref- Monheim’s

Nasoendotracheal tube with throat pack general anesthetic technique should be used for anesthesia in oral surgery. (Ref- Vinod Kapoor)

Because of sudden change in angulation, angle is considered as weakest part of mandible. (Ref- Vinod Kapoor)

Eburnation is seen in the case of non-union of fracture and the radiograph shows rounding off and sclerosis of bone ends. (Ref- Killey’s Mandibular Fracture)

Sublingual ecchymosis is considered as pathognomonic sign of mandibular fracture. (Ref- Peterson)

Post-auricular ecchymosis in cases of fracture of the base of skull is called Battle’s sign. (Ref- Killey’s Mandible Fracture)

Glassgow coma scale is used to know the level of consciousness of patient. It includes-Motor response, Verbal response, Eye opening. (Ref- Killyey’s Mid third fracture)

CSF rhinorrhea is seen in nasoethmoidal, Le fort 2, Le fort 3 fractures associated with comminuted cribriform plate of ethmoid. Tramline effect and Halo on pillow effect are diagnostic signs of CSF rhinorrhea. (Ref-Killey’s Mid third Fracture)

Panda facies is due to oedema and ecchymosis around the eyes.Because of this the patient develops black circles around the eyes(Raccoon eyes). (Ref-Neelima )

Hanging drop sign is best seen in the water projection of the face. (Ref- Killey’s Mid Third Fracture)

The structure of anatomical significance  in Gillis approach is superficial temporal artery. (Ref-Killey’s Mid Third fracture)

IF fracture line passes above the Whitnall’s tubercle, it removes the support given to eye by Lockwood’s suspensory ligament and the upper eyelid follows the globe down producing hooding of eyes. (Ref- Killey’s Mid Third fracture)

Spasm of muscle is responsible for acute dislocation.For frequent/recurrent dislocation, ligament and capsular flaccidity,flattening of articular eminence and trauma are the causative triad.( Ref-Neelima)

In dislocation of the jaw, displacement of the articular disc beyond the articular tubercle of the TMJ results from spasm or excessive constriction of lateral pterygoid muscle. (Ref- Neelima)

In unilateral TMJ ankylosis , face is asymmetrical with fullness on the affected side of mandible and flattening on the normal side. (Ref-Neelima)

Autogenous costochondral graft acts as a growth centre to the TMJ area to provide future growth of mandible. A minimum of 1.5cm of chondral graft is harvested through the inframammary region. Either 6th or 7th rib is harvested. (Ref-Neelima)

Disk displacement with reduction is more common than disk displacement without reduction. Disk displacement with reduction typically causes clicking and pain with chewing. (Ref- Burket’s)

Marsupialization involves  de roofing of cyst along with adjoining bone and mucoperiosteum so that the cystic lining becomes continuous with oral epithelium.It is indicated in excessively large cyst. (Ref-Neelima)

A low protein content of less than of 4 gm/dl is typical for keratocyst.All other cysts will have protein content of 5-11 gm/dl which is equal to mean protein level of serum. (Ref-Neelima)

Stafne’s idiopathic bone cavity is located below mandibular canal and yields air on aspiration. (Ref- Neelima)

Microscopic examination is the most appropriate method to differentiate between a dentigerous cyst and an ameloblastoma. (Ref-Neelima

Treatment of fibrous dysplasia is -if the lesion is small, dissection is done; if lesion is large, cosmetic surgery has to be carried out. (Ref-Neelima)

Garre’s osteomyelitis characteristically shows proliferative periostitis where there is peripheral subperiosteal bone deposition caused by mild irritation and infection. ( Ref-Neelima)

Primary mandibular spaces are – submental space, sublingual space, submandibular space, Buccal space. (Ref- Neelima)

In Ludwig's angina, there is progressive dyspnoea due to backward spread of infection. If not treated,it results in edema of glottis and causes complete respiratory obstruction.
(Ref-Neelima,Vinod Kapoor)

Osteomyelitis of mandible can show symptoms of lip paraesthesia. (Ref- Neelima)

In osteomyelitis, Dead bone is seen on the x-ray as more radiopaque. (Ref - Neelima)

The sites of secondary infection from pterygomandibular space infections are- Infratemporal space, Retropharyngeal space, Buccal space and submandibular space. (Ref-Neelima)

Alveoloplasty is performed following multiple extractions for proper wound closure and for removal of undercut areas.

Alveolectomy refers to surgical removal or trimming of alveolar process.The main aim of alveolectomy is to prepare a good bed for denture. (Ref- Neelima, Vinod Kapoor)

V-Y plasty procedure is used for frenectomy procedure to increase the stability of denture. (Ref- Neelima)

Poor accessibility is the main disadvantage of semilunar flap. (Ref- Vinod Kapoor)

Abbey-Estlander flap is used in the reconstruction of lip. (Ref- Stell_Marans)