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স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য) - লং কোর্স

পরীক্ষাস্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য) - লং কোর্সতারিখতারিখ অনির্ধারিতসময়30 minutes
মোট প্রশ্ন২৫
সিলেবাস
Pathology-01 - a. Cell biology general concept. b. Inflammation, Degeneration, Necrosis and gangrene. c. Sterilization and disinfection. d. Disorder of growth: Tumors including cancers. e. Radiation, Hazards and prevention.
প্রশ্ন দেখুনঅনুশীলন
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য) - লং কোর্স

স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য) - লং কোর্স · তারিখ অনির্ধারিত · ২৫ প্রশ্ন

১.
Atrophy occurs when-
  1. ক
    ক) Altered physiologic stimuli
  2. খ
    খ) Increased demand, increased stimulation
  3. গ
    গ) Decreased nutrients, Decreased stimulation
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Chronic irritation (physical or chemical)
ব্যাখ্যা
[Robbins 9th 33]
২.
An increase in their number of cells
  1. ক
    ক) Hypertrophy
  2. খ
    খ) Hyperplasia
  3. গ
    গ) Atrophy
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Metaplasia
ব্যাখ্যা
[Robbins 9th 35]
৩.
Oncogenic bacteria
  1. ক
    ক) C. jejuni
  2. খ
    খ) H. pylori
  3. গ
    গ) B. anthracis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) B. coli
ব্যাখ্যা

Oncogenic microbes
 HTLV-1: adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma
 HPV: benign warts, cervical cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer
 EBV: Burkitt lymphomas, B-cell lymphomas in patients with T-cell immunosuppression
 Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus: hepatocellular carcinomas
 H. pylori: gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma

৪.
Hypertrophy + Hyperplasia simultaneously occurs in following organ except-
  1. ক
    ক) Thyroid
  2. খ
    খ) Breast
  3. গ
    গ) Penis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Prostate
ব্যাখ্যা
Hypertrophy + Hyperplasia simultaneously occurs in five organs; Thyroid, Breast, Kidney, Uterus Prostate
৫.
Wilms tumour is a malignant tumour of
  1. ক
    ক) Thyroid
  2. খ
    খ) Kidney
  3. গ
    গ) Placenta
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Liver
৬.
CA 19-9 is related to carcinoma of
  1. ক
    ক) Pancreas
  2. খ
    খ) Stomach
  3. গ
    গ) Liver
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Breast
৭.
Which type of tumour mainly follows lymphatic spread?
  1. ক
    ক) Carcinoma
  2. খ
    খ) Sarcoma
  3. গ
    গ) Adenoma
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Fibroma
ব্যাখ্যা

Dissemination of cancers may occur through one of three pathways:
 Direct seeding of body cavities or surfaces,
 Lymphatic spread- mainly carcinoma
 Hematogenous spread- mainly Sarcomas

৮.
Enzyme not involve in removal of free radical
  1. ক
    ক) Catalase
  2. খ
    খ) Dehydrogenase
  3. গ
    গ) Superoxidase dismutase
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Glutathione peroxidase
ব্যাখ্যা
[Robbins 9th 48]
৯.
Reactive oxygen species is a mediator of
  1. ক
    ক) Tissue damage
  2. খ
    খ) Pain
  3. গ
    গ) Fever
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Chemotaxis
১০.
Type of necrosis in abscess-
  1. ক
    ক) Coagulative necrosis
  2. খ
    খ) Liquefactive necrosis
  3. গ
    গ) Caseous necrosis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Fat necrosis
ব্যাখ্যা
[Robbins 9th 43]
১১.
Pathway of cell death that is induced by a tightly regulated suicide program -
  1. ক
    ক) Necrosis
  2. খ
    খ) Apoptosis
  3. গ
    গ) Necroptosis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Pyroptosis
ব্যাখ্যা
[Robbins 9th 52]
১২.
Necroptosis occurs in-
  1. ক
    ক) Steatohepatitis
  2. খ
    খ) Acute pancreatitis
  3. গ
    গ) Reperfusion injury
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) All of above
ব্যাখ্যা
[Robbins 9th 59]
১৩.
Cardinal signs of inflammation ‘calor’ means: -
  1. ক
    ক) Redness
  2. খ
    খ) Swelling
  3. গ
    গ) Heat
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Pain
ব্যাখ্যা
[Robbins 9th 71]
১৪.
Mediators of pain-
  1. ক
    ক) IL-1
  2. খ
    খ) Bradykinin
  3. গ
    গ) TNF
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Prostaglandins
ব্যাখ্যা
[Robbins 9th 90]
১৫.
Caseating granuloma produce in-
  1. ক
    ক) Tuberculosis
  2. খ
    খ) Leprosy
  3. গ
    গ) Syphilis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Cat-scratch disease
ব্যাখ্যা
[Robbins 9th 98]
১৬.
Which one is double edged sword?
  1. ক
    ক) Atrophy
  2. খ
    খ) Hypertrophy
  3. গ
    গ) Hyperplasia
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Metaplasia
ব্যাখ্যা

• Metaplasia is a reversible change in which one differentiated cell type (epithelial or mesenchymal) is replaced by another cell type.
• Epithelial metaplasia is a double-edged sword
• It’s of 2 types. Epithelial & connective tissue metaplasia
• The most common epithelial metaplasia is columnar to squamous as occurs in the respiratory tract in response to chronic irritation.

১৭.
In apoptosis
  1. ক
    ক) Cellular swelling
  2. খ
    খ) Disrupted plasma membrane
  3. গ
    গ) Intact cellular content
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Invariably pathological
১৮.
superoxide is inactivated by
  1. ক
    ক) SOD
  2. খ
    খ) Glutathione peroxidase
  3. গ
    গ) Peroxiredoxins
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Caspases
১৯.
Local factors that influence tissue repair
  1. ক
    ক) Diabetes
  2. খ
    খ) Infection
  3. গ
    গ) Glucocorticoids (steroids)
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Nutritional status
ব্যাখ্যা
[Robbins 9th 71]
২০.
Virchow triad include-
  1. ক
    ক) Endothelial injury
  2. খ
    খ) Abnormal blood flow
  3. গ
    গ) Hypercoagulability of the blood
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) All of above
ব্যাখ্যা
[Robbins 9th 123]
২১.
Malignant tumor of skeletal muscle-
  1. ক
    ক) Chondrosarcoma
  2. খ
    খ) Osteogenic sarcoma
  3. গ
    গ) Angiosarcoma
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Rhabdomyosarcoma
ব্যাখ্যা
[Robbins 9th 268]
২২.
Hepatic angiosarcoma associated with-
  1. ক
    ক) Arsenic
  2. খ
    খ) Beryllium
  3. গ
    গ) Radon and
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Vinyl chloride
ব্যাখ্যা
[Robbins 9th 278]
২৩.
Guardian of the Genome
  1. ক
    ক) APC
  2. খ
    খ) TP53
  3. গ
    গ) RB
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) VHL
ব্যাখ্যা
[Robbins 9th 293]
২৪.
Which is excess production of scar tissue that is out of proportion to the wound?
  1. ক
    ক) Hypertrophic scar
  2. খ
    খ) Keloid
  3. গ
    গ) Wound dehiscence
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Naevus
ব্যাখ্যা
Keloid is excess production of scar tissue that is out of proportion to the wound
২৫.
Cell number is increased in
  1. ক
    ক) Hypertrophy
  2. খ
    খ) Hyperplasia
  3. গ
    গ) Atrophy
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Metaplasia
ব্যাখ্যা

• Hyperplasia is defined as an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue in response to a stimulus.
• Hyperplasia is the result of growth factor-driven proliferation of mature cells and, in some cases, by increased output of new cells from tissue stem cells.
• Physiological hyperplasia occurs in – breast during puberty, liver after hepatectomy
• Pathological hyperplasia occurs in – BPH, wart & endometrial tumour