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স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য) - লং কোর্স

পরীক্ষাস্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য) - লং কোর্সতারিখতারিখ অনির্ধারিতসময়01 hr 00 mins
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Subject Final-04 - Pathology
প্রশ্ন দেখুনঅনুশীলন
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য) - লং কোর্স

স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য) - লং কোর্স · তারিখ অনির্ধারিত · ৫৯ প্রশ্ন

১.
Most common tumor of the salivary gland
  1. ক
    ক) Adenocarcinoma
  2. খ
    খ) Pleomorphic adenoma
  3. গ
    গ) Warthin tumour
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
ব্যাখ্যা
Pleomorphic adenoma:
Benign tumor composed of stromal (e.g., cartilage) and epithelial tissue; most common tumor of the salivary gland. Usually arises in parotid; presents as a mobile, painless, circumscribed mass at the angle of the jaw
২.
Which type of emphysema is seen in α1-antitrypsin deficiency
  1. ক
    ক) Centriacinar
  2. খ
    খ) Panacinar
  3. গ
    গ) Distal acinar
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Irregular
ব্যাখ্যা

 Emphysema is a chronic obstructive airway disease characterized by permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles.
 It is a component of along with chronic bronchitis.
 Subtypes include centriacinar (most common, smoking related), panacinar (seen in α1-antitrypsin deficiency), distal acinar and irregular.

৩.
Focal cerebral infarcts are most commonly
  1. ক
    ক) Inflammatory
  2. খ
    খ) Neoplastic
  3. গ
    গ) Traumatic
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Embolic
৪.
Which organism is found in pneumonia after organ transplant recipient?
  1. ক
    ক) Klebsiella
  2. খ
    খ) Neisseria
  3. গ
    গ) Legionella
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Pseudomonas
ব্যাখ্যা
Causes of acute pneumonias in the community include H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis (both associated with acute exacerbations of COPD), S. aureus (usually secondary to viral respiratory infections), K. pneumoniae (observed in patients who are chronic alcoholics), P. aeruginosa (seen in persons with cystic fibrosis, in burn victims, and in patients with neutropenia), and L. pneumophila, seen particularly in organ transplant recipients.
৫.
Most frequent presentation of RPGN
  1. ক
    ক) Posts infectious Glomerulodisease
  2. খ
    খ) Goodpasture syndrome
  3. গ
    গ) Minimal change disease
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) IgA nephritis
৬.
Features of irreversible cell injury-
  1. ক
    ক) Lysosomal swelling
  2. খ
    খ) Cellular swelling
  3. গ
    গ) Clumping of nuclear chromatin
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Loss of microvilli
ব্যাখ্যা
Cellular swelling, Loss of microvilli, ER swelling, Clumping of nuclear chromatin example of reversible injury.
৭.
Cardiac output high, base deficit high and venous pressure low. Which type of shock is related to it-
  1. ক
    ক) Distributive shock
  2. খ
    খ) Endocrine shock
  3. গ
    গ) Obstructive shock
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Cardiogenic shock
ব্যাখ্যা
In case of Distributive shock there is peripheral vasodilation & pooling of blood in periphery.
৮.
Phlebothrombosis differs from thrombophlebitis-
  1. ক
    ক) It is thrombosis of inflamed vein
  2. খ
    খ) It mainly occurs in small artery
  3. গ
    গ) It is usually small in size
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) It may occur at any vein
ব্যাখ্যা
Phlebothrombosis is thrombosis of vein with no inflammation. It mainly occurs in calf vein. Usually produces few sign & symptoms.
৯.
CA-125 is a tumour marker for
  1. ক
    ক) Ca ovary
  2. খ
    খ) Ca breast
  3. গ
    গ) Ca pancreas
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Ca lung
ব্যাখ্যা
CA-125 is a tumour marker for Ca ovary
১০.
Human papilloma virus is responsible for
  1. ক
    ক) Burkitt lymphoma
  2. খ
    খ) Kaposi sarcoma
  3. গ
    গ) Carcinoma of cervix
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Merkel cell carcinoma
ব্যাখ্যা
Human papilloma virus is responsible for carcinoma of cervix
১১.
Protooncogene is converted to oncogene by
  1. ক
    ক) Periodic mutation
  2. খ
    খ) Deletions
  3. গ
    গ) Mosaicism pull
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Translocation
ব্যাখ্যা
Protooncogene is converted to oncogene by translocation
১২.
Angiogenesis is promoted by
  1. ক
    ক) Hypoxia inhibitory factor
  2. খ
    খ) Endostatin
  3. গ
    গ) Thrombospondin
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) PDGF
ব্যাখ্যা
Angiogenesis is promoted by PDGF
১৩.
Anesthetic accident produces
  1. ক
    ক) Anaphylactic shock
  2. খ
    খ) Neurogenic shock
  3. গ
    গ) Septic shock
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Cardiogenic shock
ব্যাখ্যা
Anesthetic accident produces neurogenic shock
১৪.
Cause of redness in acute inflammation is-
  1. ক
    ক) Vasoconstriction
  2. খ
    খ) Stasis
  3. গ
    গ) Increased vascular permeability
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Increase in blood flow
ব্যাখ্যা
Cause of redness in acute inflammation is increase in blood flow
১৫.
Emigration of leukocyte to the site of injury is called-
  1. ক
    ক) Phagocytosis
  2. খ
    খ) Chemotaxis
  3. গ
    গ) Diapedesis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Rolling
ব্যাখ্যা
Emigration of leukocyte to the site of injury is called chemotaxis
১৬.
Accumulation of cholesterol occurs in
  1. ক
    ক) Asbestosis
  2. খ
    খ) Anthracosis
  3. গ
    গ) Alkaptonuria
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Xanthoma
ব্যাখ্যা
Accumulation of cholesterol occurs in xanthoma
১৭.
Apoptosis is
  1. ক
    ক) A pathway of cell survival
  2. খ
    খ) Programmed cell death
  3. গ
    গ) Always pathological
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Tightly regulated survival programmatic
ব্যাখ্যা
Apoptosis is Programmed cell death
১৮.
Free radical activity is checked by
  1. ক
    ক) NADPH oxidase
  2. খ
    খ) Cytochrome oxidase
  3. গ
    গ) Catalase
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Antitrypsin
ব্যাখ্যা
Free radical activity is checked by catalase
১৯.
Lung cancers particularly related to paraneoplastic syndrome
  1. ক
    ক) Adenocarcinoma
  2. খ
    খ) Squamous cell carcinoma
  3. গ
    গ) Small cell carcinoma
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Large cell carcinoma
ব্যাখ্যা
Lung cancers, particularly small cell lung carcinomas, can cause paraneoplastic syndromes.
২০.
Mechanism of heart failure following MI
  1. ক
    ক) Reduced ventricular contractility
  2. খ
    খ) Ventricular outflow obstruction
  3. গ
    গ) Ventricular inflow obstruction
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Ventricular volume overload
ব্যাখ্যা
Heart failure occurs following MI due to reduced ventricular contractility
২১.
The inflammatory cell in both acute & chronic viral hepatitis mainly
  1. ক
    ক) B cell
  2. খ
    খ) T cell
  3. গ
    গ) NK cell
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) APC
২২.
Dystrophic calcification occurs in
  1. ক
    ক) Sarcoidosis
  2. খ
    খ) Thyrotoxicosis
  3. গ
    গ) Multiple myeloma
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Tuberculous lymphnode
ব্যাখ্যা
Dystrophic calcification occurs in tuberculous lymphnode
২৩.
Endogenous pigment that accumulates inside the cell is
  1. ক
    ক) Carbon dust
  2. খ
    খ) Coal dust
  3. গ
    গ) Lipofuscin
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Carbohydrates
ব্যাখ্যা
Endogenous pigment that accumulates inside the cell is lipofuscin
২৪.
Hypertrophy usually occurs in
  1. ক
    ক) Labile cell
  2. খ
    খ) Stable cell
  3. গ
    গ) Non-dividing cell
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Dividing cell
ব্যাখ্যা
Hypertrophy usually occurs in non-dividing cell
২৫.
Generalized atrophy occurs in
  1. ক
    ক) Senile atrophy
  2. খ
    খ) Hormonal atrophy
  3. গ
    গ) Disuse atrophy
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Pressure atrophy
ব্যাখ্যা
Generalized atrophy occurs in senile atrophy
২৬.
Fibrinoid necrosis is seen in
  1. ক
    ক) SLE
  2. খ
    খ) Brain hypoxia
  3. গ
    গ) Tuberculosis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Boil
ব্যাখ্যা
Fibrinoid necrosis is seen in SLE
২৭.
Gastric metastasis to pouch of Doglas is known as
  1. ক
    ক) Irish node
  2. খ
    খ) Virchow gland
  3. গ
    গ) Blumer shelf
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Sister mary joseph nodule
ব্যাখ্যা

Gastric Metastases are often detected at time of diagnosis. Sites most commonly involved include
 The supraclavicular sentinel lymph node(virchow node)
 Periumbilical lymph nodes (sister mary joseph nodule)
 The left axillary lymph node (irish node)
 The ovary (krukenberg tumor)
 The pouch of douglas (blumer shelf)

২৮.
A patient came to you with features of impaired wound healing. The patient is undernourished. Which vitamins may be may be related with this-
  1. ক
    ক) Vit A, VitB1,Vit D
  2. খ
    খ) Vit A, Vit C, VitD
  3. গ
    গ) Vit C, VitD
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Vit B12, Vit C, Vit D
ব্যাখ্যা
Vit A essential for epithelialization, Vit C essential for collagen synthesise , VitD easential for bone formation
২৯.
Which of the following types of necrosis is most characteristic of abscess formation?
  1. ক
    ক) Coagulative
  2. খ
    খ) Enzymatic
  3. গ
    গ) Fibrinoid
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Liquefactive
ব্যাখ্যা
Liquefactive necrosis occure in Pyogenic bacterial infection, brain hypoxia.
৩০.
A 25-year-old man has a lifelong hemorrhagic diathesis. The PT and bleeding time are normal, but the APTT is prolonged. The most likely cause of the bleeding disorder is
  1. ক
    ক) factor VII deficiency
  2. খ
    খ) factor VIII deficiency
  3. গ
    গ) factor IX deficiency
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) von Willebrand disease
ব্যাখ্যা
In Haemophilia CT, APTT prolonged. BT, PT normal.
৩১.
Which one remains positive for life in syphilis?
  1. ক
    ক) VDRL
  2. খ
    খ) TPHA
  3. গ
    গ) RPR
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) FTA-ABS
৩২.
Amastigote form of leishmania donovani are detected in:
  1. ক
    ক) Infected sandfly
  2. খ
    খ) polymorphonuclear leucocytes
  3. গ
    গ) bone marrow aspirates
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Sputum
ব্যাখ্যা
Amastigote form of leishmania donovani are detected in bone marrow aspirate
৩৩.
Why anaemia occurs in kala azar?
  1. ক
    ক) Negative coombs test
  2. খ
    খ) Marrow hyperplasia
  3. গ
    গ) Hypersplenism
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) increased RBC destruction in liver
ব্যাখ্যা
Anaemia occurs in kala-azar due to hypersplenism
৩৪.
Which of the following nematodes pass via lung during their life cycle:
  1. ক
    ক) T. Trichiuria
  2. খ
    খ) B. malayi
  3. গ
    গ) E. Vermicularis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) A. Duodenale
ব্যাখ্যা
Ancylostoma duodenale passes thrpugh lung in its life cycle
৩৫.
Secondary TB mostly occurs due to
  1. ক
    ক) AIDS
  2. খ
    খ) Aging
  3. গ
    গ) Immaturity
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Malnourishment
ব্যাখ্যা

Secondary TB arises with reactivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
1. Reactivation is commonly due to AIDS; may also be seen with aging
2. Occurs at apex of lung (high oxygen tension)

৩৬.
Main agent in necrotizing fasciitis-
  1. ক
    ক) Streptococcus
  2. খ
    খ) Staphylococcus
  3. গ
    গ) Vibrio
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Lactobacillus
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Streptococcus has several enzymes that helps for rapid spreading (hyaluronidase).
৩৭.
Chronic bronchitis is defined as persistent productive cough for at least …consecutive months in at least 2 consecutive years?
  1. ক
    ক) 1
  2. খ
    খ) 2
  3. গ
    গ) 3
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 4
ব্যাখ্যা
Chronic bronchitis is defined as persistent productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months in at least 2 consecutive years.
৩৮.
Most important risk factor for chronic bronchitis
  1. ক
    ক) Smoking
  2. খ
    খ) Genetic predisposition
  3. গ
    গ) Air pollutant
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Atopy
ব্যাখ্যা
Cigarette smoking is the most important risk factor; air pollutants also contribute.
৩৯.
Line of zahn are marked in thrombi formed within
  1. ক
    ক) Veins
  2. খ
    খ) Arterioles
  3. গ
    গ) Aorta
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Capillaries
ব্যাখ্যা
Line of zahn are marked in thrombi formed within aorta
৪০.
Accumulation of excess fluid in tissue is called
  1. ক
    ক) Congestion
  2. খ
    খ) Edema
  3. গ
    গ) Hyperaemia
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Shock
ব্যাখ্যা
Accumulation of excess fluid in tissue is called edema
৪১.
Exuberant scars that recur after excision are called
  1. ক
    ক) Desmoids
  2. খ
    খ) Contracture
  3. গ
    গ) Hypertrophic scar
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Wound dehiscence
ব্যাখ্যা
Exuberant scars that recur after excision are called desmoids
৪২.
Granulation tissue easily bleeds on touch due to rupture of
  1. ক
    ক) New capillaries
  2. খ
    খ) New venules
  3. গ
    গ) New arterioles
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) New arteries
ব্যাখ্যা
Granulation tissue easily bleeds on touch due to rupture of new capillaries
৪৩.
The process of coating a particle to target it for ingestion is called
  1. ক
    ক) Phagocytosis
  2. খ
    খ) Chemotaxis
  3. গ
    গ) Opsonization
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Margination
ব্যাখ্যা
The process of coating a particle to target it for ingestion is called opsonization
৪৪.
Which organism causes endocarditis following dental procedure?
  1. ক
    ক) S. aureus
  2. খ
    খ) S. epidermidis
  3. গ
    গ) Strep. Pyogenes
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Viridians streptococcus
৪৫.
Dominant leukocyte in pus is
  1. ক
    ক) Basophil
  2. খ
    খ) Neutrophil
  3. গ
    গ) Eosinophil
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Monocyte
ব্যাখ্যা
Dominant leukocyte in pus is neutrophil
৪৬.
Complement acting as opsonin is
  1. ক
    ক) C3b
  2. খ
    খ) C6а
  3. গ
    গ) C5b
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) C4b
ব্যাখ্যা
Complement acting as opsonin is C3b
৪৭.
Complement products are produced in
  1. ক
    ক) Liver
  2. খ
    খ) Kidney
  3. গ
    গ) Oral mucosa
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Gall bladder
ব্যাখ্যা
Complement products are produced in liver
৪৮.
Arachidonic acid derived mediators are called
  1. ক
    ক) Eicosanoids
  2. খ
    খ) Opsonin
  3. গ
    গ) Anaphylotoxinh
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Complements
ব্যাখ্যা
Arachidonic acid derived mediators are called eicosanoids
৪৯.
Main source of TNF is
  1. ক
    ক) Macrophage
  2. খ
    খ) Platelet
  3. গ
    গ) Endothelial cell
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Mast cell
ব্যাখ্যা
Main source of TNF is macrophage
৫০.
Dominant cellular player in chronic inflammation is
  1. ক
    ক) Plasma cell
  2. খ
    খ) Macrophage
  3. গ
    গ) Mast cell
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Eosinophil
ব্যাখ্যা
Dominant cellular player in chronic inflammation is macrophage
৫১.
Spores germinate in reheated rice
  1. ক
    ক) B. anthracis
  2. খ
    খ) B. cereus
  3. গ
    গ) C. botulinum
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) C. tetani
৫২.
Causes of chronic type-2 respiratory failure excludes
  1. ক
    ক) COPD
  2. খ
    খ) Sleep apnoea
  3. গ
    গ) Lobar collapse
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Myopathies
ব্যাখ্যা
Type-1 respiratory failure occurs in lobar collapse
৫৩.
Rheumatic heart disease most commonly affects
  1. ক
    ক) Mitral valve
  2. খ
    খ) Tricuspid valve
  3. গ
    গ) Aortic valve
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Pulmonary valve
ব্যাখ্যা
It most commonly affects the mitral valve and is responsible for 99% of acquired mitral stenosis
৫৪.
The obligate intracellular bacteria –
  1. ক
    ক) Rickettsia prowazekii
  2. খ
    খ) Legionella pneumophilia
  3. গ
    গ) Mycobacterium leprae
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
ব্যাখ্যা
The obligate intracellular bacteria Rickettsia prowazekii
৫৫.
Non capsular Organisms -
  1. ক
    ক) Haemophilus influenzae
  2. খ
    খ) Cryptosporidium spp.
  3. গ
    গ) Streptococcus pneumoniae
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Klebsiella pneumoniae
ব্যাখ্যা
Non capsular Organisms - Cryptosporidium spp.
৫৬.
Diseases caused by viridans streptococcus
  1. ক
    ক) Erysipelas
  2. খ
    খ) Endocarditis
  3. গ
    গ) Scalded skin syndrome
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Toxic shock syndrome
ব্যাখ্যা
Diseases caused by viridans streptococcus - Endocarditis
৫৭.
Hallmark of SLE
  1. ক
    ক) Female predominant
  2. খ
    খ) Joint involvement
  3. গ
    গ) Skin rash
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Production of autoantibodies
ব্যাখ্যা
The hallmark of SLE is the production of autoantibodies Antibodies to double-stranded DNA and the so-called Smith (Sm) antigen are virtually diagnostic of SLE.
৫৮.
Most common cause of bronchiactesis
  1. ক
    ক) Cystic fibrosis
  2. খ
    খ) Tuberculosis
  3. গ
    গ) Supporative pneumonia
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Bronchial tumor
ব্যাখ্যা
TB is most common cause of Bronchiectasis
৫৯.
Staphylococcus aureus causes the following toxin mediated diseases
  1. ক
    ক) Scarlet fever
  2. খ
    খ) Gastroenteritis
  3. গ
    গ) Scalded skin syndrome
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Acute rheumatic fever
ব্যাখ্যা
Staphylococcus aureus causes Scalded skin syndrome