১৪তম - ২০তম গ্রেড পরীক্ষার প্রস্তুতি

• The past tense of 'Choose' is - Chose.

• Present - Past - Past Participle
arise - arose - arisen,
bear - bore - borne,
begin - began - begun,
bet - bet - bet,
bind - bound - bound,

bleed - bled - bled,
blow - blew - blown,
breed - bred - bred,
broadcast - broadcast - broadcast,
burst - burst - burst,

choose - chose - chosen,
cling - clung - clung,
creep - crept - crept,
deal - dealt - dealt,
dive - dove/dived - dived,
dwell - dwelt - dwelt,
forbid - forbade - forbidden,
foresee - foresaw - foreseen,

freeze - froze - frozen,
grind - ground - ground,
kneel - knelt - knelt,
leap - leapt - leapt,
mislead - misled - misled,

overcome - overcame - overcome,
partake - partook - partaken,
plead - pled/pleaded - pled/pleaded,
prove - proved - proven,
quit - quit - quit,
ride - rode - ridden,

ring - rang - rung,
seek - sought - sought,
sew - sewed - sewn/sewed,
shake - shook - shaken,
shed - shed - shed,
shrink - shrank - shrunk,
sink - sank - sunk,
slide - slid - slid,

slink - slunk - slunk,
spin - spun - spun,
split - split - split,
spring - sprang - sprung,
sting - stung - stung,
stink - stank - stunk,
stride - strode - stridden,

strike - struck - struck/stricken,
string - strung - strung,
swear - swore - sworn,
swell - swelled - swollen,
thrive - thrived/throve - thrived,
thrust - thrust - thrust,
weep - wept - wept.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - consists.
- Complete sentence: The teacher said, "Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen."

• 'General truth', 'universal truth' সবসময় present indefinite tense দ্বারা প্রকাশ করা হয়।
- Present indefinite tense এর structure হলো Subject + verb এর base form + object.
- subject টি third person singular number হলে verb এর সাথে 's' বা 'es' যুক্ত হয়)
- সুতরাং verb-টি হবে 'consists'.

Complete Sentence: He was appalled at the safety of his children.

• appalled (adjective)
English Meaning: greatly dismayed or horrified.
Bangla Meaning: আতঙ্কিত করা; বিতৃষ্ণ করা; মর্মাহত করা।

- "আতঙ্কিত করা" বোঝাতে appalled এর পর preposition হিসেবে at বসে।

Source: Applied English Grammar And Composition - by P C Das.

• The correct sentence: She went home after the meeting had concluded. (অপশন 'ঘ')

• After যুক্ত বাক্যের গঠন- 
- after এর পূর্বে past indefinite হলে after এর পরের অংশে past perfect tense হবে।
- Sub + past indefinite + after + sub +  past perfect tense + object.
Example:
- They cleaned up the house after everyone had left.

অপরদিকে,
• before যুক্ত বাক্যের গঠন-
- Sub + past perfect + before + past indefinite.
Example:
- Asad had written this book before he retired.
- এখানে  before এর পূর্বে past perfect tense এবং এর পরে past indefinite বসেছে।

• The example of Present Indefinite Tense: He plays basketball every Tuesday.

• Present Indefinite Tense এর গঠন হচ্ছে -
- Sub + verb এর present form + object/extension.
Present Indefinite Tense এর suject - third person singular number হলে verb এর সাথে s/es যোগ করতে হয়।
Example:
- I eat rice.
- He plays cricket.

অপশন আলোচনা:
• They are watching a movie right now.
- Present Continuous Tense.

• She will bake a cake for her birthday.
- Future Indefinite Tense.

• He has been working on this project for months.
- Present Perfect Continuous Tense.

Complete Sentence: She has always had a zest for adventure, travelling to remote places around the world.

• zest (noun)
English Meaning: a piece of the peel of citrus fruit (such as an orange or lemon) used as flavouring.
Bangla Meaning: প্রবল উৎসাহ ও আনন্দ, উচ্ছ্বাস।

- ‘রুচি’ অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে zest এর পরে appropriate preposition হিসেবে for বসে।

Source: Applied English Grammar And Composition - by P C Das.

• Deal in
English Meaning: to buy and sell particular goods as a business / to use or be involved in (something).
Bangla Meaning: ব্যবসা করা / কিছুতে জড়িত থাকা।

If someone "deals in" something, they are likely - Selling or trading that particular thing.

Ex. Sentence: He deals in rare books.
Bangla Meaning: সে দুষ্প্রাপ্য বইয়ের ব্যবসা করে।

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

Complete Sentence: The couple walked hand in hand along the beach, gazing at the sunset over the horizon.

• gaze (verb + noun)
English Meaning: to fix the eyes in a steady intent look often with eagerness or studious attention/a fixed intent look.
Bangla Meaning: স্থিরদৃষ্টি।

- "একটানা দৃষ্টিতে তাকানো" বোঝাতে gaze এর পরে appropriate preposition হিসেবে at বসে।

Source: Applied English Grammar And Composition - by P C Das.

• Call to account
English Meaning: to express public or formal disapproval of.
Bangla Meaning: জনসম্মুখে নিন্দা / সমালোচনা করা / অপমান করা।

- Hence, the meaning of "Call to account" is - To hold someone responsible for their actions.

Ex. Sentence: The government is being called to account for the economic disaster.
Bangla Meaning: অর্থনৈতিক দুর্যোগময় পরিস্থিতির জন্য সরকারের তীব্র সমালোচনা হচ্ছে।

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - moved.
- Complete sentence: Five years have passed since they moved to the new city.

• সাধারণত Since দ্বারা দুটি Clause যুক্ত থাকলে এবং Since-এর আগের অংশ Present Indefinite/Present perfect tense হলে পরের অংশ Past Indefinite tense হয়।

Example:
- Ten years have passed since they started their own business.
- Five years have passed since she adopted her dog from the shelter.

Complete Sentence: He grew weary of the city's hustle and bustle and longed for the quiet countryside.
 
• Weary of something/of doing something
English Meaning: No longer interested in or enthusiastic about something.
Bangla Meaning: ক্লান্ত করা; ক্লান্ত হওয়া।
- ক্লান্ত বোধ করা অর্থে - Weary এরপর appropriate preposition হিসেবে of বসে।
 
Source:
1. Accessible Dictionary by Bangla Academy.
2. Oxford Learner's Dictionary.

• The Future Continuous Tense is - They will be visiting their grandparents.

• Future Continuous Tense:
- ভবিষ্যৎকালে কোন কাজ চলতে থাকবে এরূপ বোঝালে Future continuous tense হয়।
Structure: Subject + shall be/will be + main verb + ing + object.

Example:
- I will be working on my project all night.
- She will be attending the conference next week.
- They will be travelling to Europe this time next year.

অন্যদিকে,
• They visited their grandparents. 
- Past Indefinite Tense.

• They will have visited their grandparents.
- Future Perfect Tense.

• They will visit their grandparents.
- Future Indefinite Tense.

• Be in a fix
English Meaning: get into trouble.
Bangla Meaning: ঝামেলায় পড়া।

Hence, "Facing unexpected challenges" is the situation likely to be described as "be in a fix".

Ex. Sentence: I was really in a fix when I missed the plane
Bangla Meaning: বিমান সময়মতো ধরতে না পারায় আমি খুব ঝামেলায় পড়ে গিয়েছিলাম।

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

Complete Sentence: He is averse to taking risks and prefers to play it safe with his investments.

• averse (adjective)
English Meaning: having an active feeling of repugnance, dislike, or distaste.
Bangla Meaning: averse from/to বিমুখ; পরাঙ্মুখ; বিরোধী; অনীহ; অনিচ্ছু।

- "উদাসীন" বোঝাতে averse এর পরে appropriate preposition হিসেবে to বসে।

Source: Applied English Grammar And Composition - by P C Das.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - of.
Complete sentence: She is capable of solving complex mathematical problems quickly and accurately.

• Capable of doing something:
English Meaning: Having the ability, power, or qualities to be able to do something
Bangla Meaning: (ব্যক্তি) শক্তি-ক্ষমতাবিশিষ্ট; সম্ভাবনা আছে এমন; উন্মুখ।

Example sentence: 
- I know what you are capable of.
- The system is capable of change for the better.

Source: 
1. Cambridge Dictionary.
2. Accessible Dictionary by Bangla Academy.

• For good
English Meaning: forever / definitively.
Bangla Meaning: চিরতরে / স্থায়ীভাবে।

- The phrase 'Forever' is synonymous with "For good".

Ex. Sentence: Nabid is leaving Bangladesh for good.
Bangla Meaning: নাবিদ স্থায়ীভাবে বাংলাদেশ ছেড়ে চলে যাচ্ছে।

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

Complete Sentence: He was filled with envy at my success.

• envy (noun + verb)
English Meaning: painful or resentful awareness of an advantage enjoyed by another joined with a desire to possess the same advantage/to feel envy toward or on account of.
Bangla Meaning: ঈর্ষা; পরশ্রীকাতরতা।

- "ঈর্ষা" বোঝাতে envy এর পরে appropriate preposition হিসেবে at বসে।

Source: Applied English Grammar And Composition - by P C Das.

• The correct sentence: What did you do last night? (অপশন 'খ')

• বাক্যের শেষে 'last night' থাকায় Past Indefinite Tense নির্দেশ করে। 
- Yesterday, ago, long ago, long since, last, last night, last week, last month, last year, the day before yesterday, as soon as ইত্যাদি শব্দগুচ্ছ Past Indefinite Tense নির্দেশক শব্দ অর্থ এরা যদি কোনো বাক্যে থাকে তবে সেই বাক্যটি past indefinite tense এ হয়।

- আবার, Past Indefinite Tense যদি interrogative হয় তবে structure হবে: Wh-questions + did + Verb এর present form + extension + ? mark

• Green with envy
English Meaning: very envious or jealous.
Bangla Meaning: ঈর্ষানীল; অত্যন্ত ঈর্ষাকাতর।

Hence, The idiom "Green with envy" means - Feeling extremely jealous.

Example Sentence:
1. Jamal's colleagues were green with envy when she got promoted to manager after just six months.
2. Eshrat felt green with envy as she watched her classmates receive awards for their achievements.

Source:
1. merriam-webster.
2. Accessible Dictionary by Bangla Academy.