৫১তম বিসিএস ফাইনাল মডেল টেস্ট ও রিভিশন

Antony and Cleopatra, tragedy in five acts by William Shakespeare, written in 1606–07 and published in the First Folio of 1623 from an authorial draft in a more finished state than most of his working papers or possibly from a transcript of those papers not yet prepared as a playbook.
- It is considered one of Shakespeare’s richest and most moving works.
- The principal source of the play was Sir Thomas North’s Parallel Lives (1579), an English version of Plutarch’s Bioi parallēloi.

Summary:
Mark Antony, one of the three rulers of the Roman Empire, spends his time in Egypt, living a life of decadence and conducting an affair with the country’s beautiful queen, Cleopatra.
- When a message arrives informing him that his wife, Fulvia, is dead and that Pompey is raising an army to rebel against the triumvirate, Antony decides to return to Rome.
- In Antony’s absence, Octavius Caesar and Lepidus, his fellow triumvirs, worry about Pompey’s increasing strength. Caesar condemns Antony for neglecting his duties as a statesman and military officer in order to live a decadent life by Cleopatra’s side.
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- The news of his wife’s death and imminent battle pricks Antony’s sense of duty, and he feels compelled to return to Rome.
- Upon his arrival, he and Caesar quarrel, while Lepidus ineffectually tries to make peace. Realizing that an alliance is necessary to defeat Pompey, Antony and Caesar agree that Antony will marry Caesar’s sister, Octavia, who will solidify their loyalty to one another.
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কয়েকটি জায়গায় নাটকের ঘটনা প্রবাহিত হলেও, মূলত মিশরে ক্লিউপেট্রাকে কেন্দ্র করে কাহিনী আবর্তিত হয়।
- নাটকের শুরু ও শেষ পরিনতি সবই মিশরকেন্দ্রিক।

Characters of Antony and Cleopatra:
- Antony
- Cleopatra
- Octavius Caesar
- Enobarbus
- Dolabella
- Camidius etc

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Shakespeare's other Tragedies:
- Julius Caesar
- Titus Andronicus
- Romeo and Juliet
- Hamlet
- Troilus and Cressida
- Othello
- Macbeth
- King lear
- Timon of Athens.

Source: Britannica and Cliffsnote.

- ডেঙ্গু হওয়ার জন্য দায়ী ভাইরাসকে ডেঙ্গু ভাইরাস (DENV) বলা হয়।

- ডেঙ্গু ভাইরাস একটি RNA ভাইরাস। 

The dengue virus is an RNA virus (of the flavivirus family) with four distinct serotypes that is widespread in tropical climate locales. It causes the clinical disease dengue fever, which is marked by high fevers, joint and bone pain, headache, and rash. 

উৎসঃ sciencedirect.com, WHO website