ব্যাংক নিয়োগ প্রস্তুতি ⎯ লং কোর্স

Input is the act of putting information into a computer.
That information is now processed in the central processing unit of the computer.
After the processing is completed, the computer generates the output of that information.
The output data is now stored in the computer memory.
So, the correct answer is Copy text.

A file server is a central server in a computer network that provides file systems or parts of a file system to connected clients.
File servers offer users a central storage place for files on internal data media, which is available to all approved clients.
The server administrator defines strict guidelines regarding which clients have which access rights:
For example, the design or file authorizations of the particular file system empower the administrator to set which files can be seen and opened by a specific client or client group and whether information must be seen or added altered, or erased.

The primary purpose of the software is to turn data into Information.
It gives information when that data is processed into sets based on context.
Data refers to the unprocessed or unstructured input, which is then processed or structured to provide meaningful output.
In most cases, the processed result of data is information.
Data becomes intelligible and valuable when it is converted into information.
Hence the correct answer is Information.

JSP stands for Java Server Pages.
Java Server Pages helps software developers to create dynamically generated web pages It was released in 1999 by Sun Microsystems.
JSP is similar to PHP and ASP.r.

Secondary memory on a computer is storage for data and programs not in use at the moment.
Some secondary devices are:
- Hard disc,
- CD,
- SD card,
- Floppy.

Source: www.britannica.com

Uploading means the transfer of files from a small peripheral system to a large central system, which is also called a server.
Downloading - It means the transfer of files from a server to a small peripheral unit (personal system). In this, there is data transfer from different servers.
Web Browser - This is a software using which users find the information they need on the Internet.
Spooling - It is a process in which data is sent to the temporary storage area which we call a spool.

A web browser is a software program that allows us to access the Internet and read/view web pages and jump from one web page to another.
Common web browsers:
- Microsoft Internet Explorer,
- Google Chrome,
- Mozilla Firefox, and
- Safari.
The primary function of a web browser is to render HTML, the code used to design or "mark up" web pages.

ENIAC: ১৯৪৬ সালে ড. জন মউসলি এবং তাঁর ছাত্র প্রেসপার একার্ট যৌথভাবে ENIAC নামক বিশ্বের প্রথম ইলেকট্রনিক কম্পিউটারটি তৈরি করেছিলেন। এটিই হলো প্রথম প্রজন্মের ডিজিটাল কম্পিউটার।

UNIVAC: ১৯৫১ সালে ENIAC এর নির্মাতারা UNIVAC কম্পিউটারের নির্মাণকাজ শেষ করেন।
ইউনিভাকই ছিল সর্বপ্রথম বাণিজ্যিক ভিত্তিতে তৈরি ইলেকট্রনিক কম্পিউটার এবং এ যন্ত্রেই সর্বপ্রথম চুম্বক-ফিতা ব ̈বহার করা হয়েছিল।

EDVAC: EDVAC কম্পিউটারে সংরক্ষিত প্রোগ্রাম নির্বাহের কিছু সুবিধা ছিল।

EDSAC: EDSAC কম্পিউটারই প্রথম সংরক্ষিত প্রোগ্রাম বিশিষ্ট ইলেকট্রনিক কম্পিউটার।
অনেকেই একে প্রথম স্বয়ংক্রিয় ডিজিটাল কম্পিউটার মনে করেন।

সূত্রঃ মৌলিক কম্পিউটার শিক্ষা, বাংলাদেশ উন্মুক্ত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় এবং ব্রিটানিকা

“Accumulator” is the most frequently used register to store data from memory.
It is an indifferent number in the different microprocessors.
An Accumulator is a register for the short-term, intermediate storage of arithmetic and logic data in a computerized CPU.
Intermediate results of an operation are progressively written to the accumulator, overwriting the previous value.

মাইক্রোসফট এজ ( Microsoft Edge ) একটি ওয়েব ব্রাউজার ( web browser )।
এটি মাইক্রোসফট কর্তৃক উদ্ভাবিত একটি ওয়েব ব্রাউজার। 
Microsoft Edge is a web browser developed by Microsoft.
It was first released for Windows 10 and Xbox One in 2015, then for Android and iOS in 2017, and macOS in 2019.
Edge includes integration with Cortana and has extensions hosted on the Microsoft Store

McAfee Corp. is a San Jose, California-based global computer security software corporation.
Norton AntiVirus is an anti-virus or anti-malware software product, developed and distributed by NortonLifeLock
Kaspersky Lab is a Russian multinational cybersecurity and anti-virus provider headquartered in Moscow, Russia.
COBOL stands for Common Business Oriented Language. It is first developed in 1960 by the CODASYL Committee (Conference on Data Systems Languages). Hence COBOL is the answer.

Computer hardware is the collection of physical components that constitute a computer system. Computer hardware is the physical parts or components of a computer, such as monitor, keyboard, computer data storage, hard disk drive (HDD), graphic card, sound card, memory (RAM), motherboard, and so on.

An input device is a hardware device used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system such as a computer or information appliance.
Examples of input devices are mouse, keyboard, joystick, scanner, camera, etc.

A server is a computer program or device that provides a service to another computer connected to a network.
A client is a system that uses remote services from a server.
A computer network is a set of computers sharing resources located on or provided by network nodes.

Henry Edward Roberts coined the term "personal computer" and is considered to be the father of modern personal computers after he released the Altair 8800 on December 19, 1974. It was later published on the front cover of Popular Electronics in 1975 making it an overnight success. The computer was available as a kit for $439 or assembled for $621 and had several additional add-ons such as a memory board and interface boards. By August 1975, over 5,000 Altair 8800 personal computers were sold, starting the personal computer revolution.
Source: computerhope.com

The first instructor of the bootstrap loader program of an operating system is stored in BIOS(Basic Input/Output System).
The bootstrap loader is a program that resides on the EPROM, ROM, or other non-volatile memory of the machine.
It is executed by the processor automatically when the device is turned on.
To continue installing the computer's operating system, the bootstrap loader reads the boot sector of the hard drives.

The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. What in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand. The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the components of the computer—from the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and memory to input/output controls—on a single chip.

These small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form networks, which eventually led to the development of the Internet. Fourth generation computers also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse, and handheld devices.

A hacker usually uses a proxy server to hide malicious activity on the network.
The attacker creates a copy of the targeted web page on a proxy server and uses methods such as keyword stuffing and linking to the copied page from external sites to artificially raise its search engine ranking.
The authentic page will rank lower and may be seen as duplicated content, in which case a search engine may remove it from its index.
An attacker may use a proxy server to gain an advantage over a competitor or, ultimately, to redirect users requesting the targeted page to a malicious or fraudulent website.