Compound Sentence

PrepBank · পাতা ২ / ৪ · ১০১–২০০ / ৩৭৭

১০১.

Unless you hurry, you will miss the train. (Make it Compound)

ক
Without hurrying or you will miss the train.
খ
Hurry anyhow you will miss the train.
গ
Hurry unless you will miss the train.
ঘ
Hurry or you will miss the train.

ব্যাখ্যা

Complex Sentence: Unless you hurry, you will miss the train.
Compound Sentence: Hurry or you will miss the train.

• Unless (complex) ↔ or (compound)
- Unless you hurry, you will miss the train. এটি একটি Complex Sentence.
- Complex sentence এর শুরুতে "Unless” ও এর পরে second person (you) থাকলে, Compound sentence- এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Unless ও you উঠে যাবে + দুই clause এর মাঝে "or" বসে।

১০২.

Scarcely had we reached there when the rain started. (Make it compound)

ক
ক) We reached there and the rain started.
খ
খ) The rain started as we reached there.
গ
গ) We reached there and the rain started at once.
ঘ
ঘ) We reached there then the rain started.

ব্যাখ্যা

প্রদত্ত sentence-টি হচ্ছে Complex Sentence.
-Complex sentence এর একটি clause যদি as soon as, no sooner had, hardly had, scarcely had দিয়ে শুরু হয় তাহলে তাকে Compound এ রূপান্তরিত করতে হলে তার বিপরীত clause- এর শেষে at once এবং দুটি clause- এর মাঝে 'and' বসাতে হয়।
তাই সঠিক উত্তরটি হবে- We reached there and the rain started at once.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S. M. Zakir Hussain.

১০৩.

The lunch being over, we left the hotel. (make it compound)

ক
After the lunch was over we leaving the hotel.
খ
The lunch was over and we left the hotel.
গ
Lunch being over we leaves the hotel.
ঘ
The lunch was over if we left the hotel.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Being যুক্ত Simple Sentence কে Compound sentence কে রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Being এর বাকী অংশে যে tense আছে being কেও সেই Tense এ গঠন করতে হবে।
- Sentence দুটির মাঝে And বসে।
- being যুক্ত বাক্যে subject না থাকলে একই subject টি 'being' অংশের প্রথমে বসে।

• Simple Sentence: The lunch being over, we left the hotel.
• Compound Sentence: The lunch was over and we left the hotel.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১০৪.

Having cleaned the room, John went for a walk. (Compound Sentence)

ক
John had cleaned the room and so went for a walk.
খ
John had cleaned the room but went for a walk.
গ
John had cleaned the room and then went for a walk.
ঘ
John had cleaned the room and went for a walk.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Perfect Participle যুক্ত Simple Sentence কে Compound Sentence এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Subject বসে,
- Perfect Participle এর past Perfect form বসে,
- and বসে,
- বাকী অংশ বসে।

Simple: Having forgotten him, I went out.
Compound: I had forgotten him and went out.

Simple: Having cleaned the room, John went for a walk.
Compound: John had cleaned the room and went for a walk.

- প্রথমে Subject বসেছে।
- এ বাক্যে Perfect Participle হচ্ছে - Having cleaned.
- যার past Perfect form হচ্ছে - had cleaned.
- এরপর গঠন অনুযায়ী বাক্যের বাকী অংশ বসে।

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১০৫.

Though she studied hard, she failed the exam. (make it compound)

ক
She studied hard and failed the exam.
খ
She studied hard but failed the exam.
গ
She studied hard or failed the exam.
ঘ
She studied hard so failed the exam.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Though/ although যুক্ত Complex Sentence কে Compound Sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Though/ although উঠে যায়।
- ১ম Clause টি বসে।
- But বসে।
- ২য় Clause টি বসে।

• Complex Sentence: Though she studied hard, she failed the exam.
• Compound Sentence: She studied hard but failed the exam.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১০৬.

If you don't confirm your attendance, they will cancel the event. (Make it compound)

ক
Unless you don't confirm your attendance, they will cancel the event.
খ
Confirm your attendance or else they will cancel the event
গ
Confirm your attendance or they will cancel the event
ঘ
Unless you confirm your attendance otherwise they will cancel the event.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Complex Sentence-এর একটি clause যদি if you দ্বারা গঠিত হয় বা if clause হয় তাহলে নিম্নরূপে তাকে compound-এ রূপান্তরিত করতে হয়:
i) Complex sentence-টি affirmative বা হ্যাঁ-বোধক হয় তাহলে if you তুলে দিয়ে verb-এর পরে and বসাতে হয়।
ii) Complex sentence-টি negative বা না-বোধক হয় তাহলে if you do not তুলে দিয়ে verb-এর শেষে or বসাতে হয়।
iii) If যুক্ত Clause- Affirmative বা Negative যাই হোক না কেন, If যুক্ত Clause টি Affirmative Imperative হয়ে বসে।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Complex: If you don't confirm your attendance, they will cancel the event.
Compound: Confirm your attendance or they will cancel the event

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S. M. Zakir Hossain

১০৭.

Which sentence is a compound sentence?

ক
I went to the market because I needed fruits.
খ
I went to the market and I bought some fruits.
গ
I went to the market after I finished my homework.
ঘ
I went to the market while I was doing my homework.

ব্যাখ্যা

→ সঠিক উত্তর: খ) I went to the market, and I bought some fruits.

• Compound sentence:
→ Compound sentence-এ একের অধিক principal clause থাকে, যাদেরকে co-ordinate clause বলা হয়।
→ অর্থাৎ, Compound sentence- এ দুই বা ততোধিক principal clause বা co-ordinate clause থাকে।
→ এছাড়া, Compound sentence এ সাধারণত and, or, but, yet, so, therefore, otherwise, else, both --- and , either --- or, neither — nor, not only --- but also ইত্যাদি coordinating conjunction দ্বারা দুইটি principal clause যুক্ত থাকে।

উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নে "I went to the market" এবং "I bought some fruits" দুটি আলাদা principal clause।
- এগুলোকে "and" coordinating conjunction দ্বারা সংযুক্ত করা হয়েছে।
- তাই এটি একটি compound sentence.

১০৮.

Transform it into a compound sentence:
Because he was late, he missed the train.

ক
He was late, so he missed the train.
খ
He missed the train although he was late.
গ
He was late and he missed the train.
ঘ
He was not on time as he missed the train.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: ক) He was late, so he missed the train.

- মূল বাক্য: Because he was late, he missed the train.
- এটি একটি complex sentence, কারণ "because" একটি subordinating conjunction।
- Compound sentence তৈরি করতে হয় দুটি স্বাধীন clause এবং coordinating conjunction ব্যবহার করে।

- He was late, so he missed the train.
- সে দেরি করেছিল, তাই সে ট্রেন মিস করল।

• Other options:
খ) He missed the train although he was late. → এটি complex sentence (although = subordinating conjunction).

গ) He was late and he missed the train. → এটি compound হলেও মূল বাক্যের cause-effect অর্থটা স্পষ্ট না। "And" doesn’t show the reason.

ঘ) He was not on time as he missed the train. → এটি অর্থগতভাবে উল্টো এবং still complex.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১০৯.

Although she studied hard, she failed the exam. (Make it compound)

ক
She studied hard and she failed the exam.
খ
She studied hard but she failed the exam.
গ
She studied hard or she failed the exam.
ঘ
She studied hard so she failed the exam.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Complex Sentence: Although she studied hard, she failed the exam.
• Compound Sentence: She studied hard but she failed the exam.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১১০.

You can change others provided you change yourself. (Make it compound)

ক
You can change others or change yourself.
খ
Change yourself or you can change others.
গ
Change yourself and you can change others.
ঘ
You can change others, otherwise change yourself.

ব্যাখ্যা

Provided/In case/If যুক্ত Complex Sentence কে Compound করতে হলে Provided/In case/ If যুক্ত Clause কে Imperative Sentence এর গঠনে বাক্যের শুরুতে বসাতে হয়।
অন্য Clause- If Clause এর ফলাফল হলে মাঝখানে and বসবে। তাই এখানে সঠিক উত্তর (গ)।

১১১.

Change into a compound sentence:
Though he was ill, he attended the meeting.

ক
He was ill and he attended the meeting.
খ
He attended the meeting because he was ill.
গ
He was ill but he attended the meeting.
ঘ
He was attending the meeting and was ill.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: গ) He was ill but he attended the meeting.

• Though he was ill, he attended the meeting.
- মূল বাক্যটি একটি complex sentence, যেখানে "Though" একটি subordinating conjunction হিসেবে ব্যবহার হয়েছে।
- এটি দুটি অংশ নিয়ে গঠিত - একটি কারণ/বাধা ("Though he was ill") এবং একটি প্রধান কাজ ("he attended the meeting")।
- এটি compound sentence করতে হলে, দুটি independent clauses যুক্ত করতে হবে একটি coordinating conjunction (যেমন: but, and, so) দিয়ে।
- এখানে "but" ব্যবহার করে দুটি clause যুক্ত করলে মূল অর্থ বজায় থাকে - অসুস্থ হলেও সে মিটিংয়ে অংশ নিয়েছে।
- তাই সঠিক উত্তর হলো: "He was ill but he attended the meeting."

Other options:
ক) He was ill and he attended the meeting.
- ভুল, কারণ “and” দিয়ে যুক্ত করলে বিপরীত অর্থ (contrast) প্রকাশ পায় না।

খ) He attended the meeting because he was ill.
- ভুল, কারণ এটি কারণ প্রকাশ করছে, মূল বাক্যের বিপরীত অর্থ পরিবর্তন করে ফেলেছে।

ঘ) He was attending the meeting and was ill.
- ভুল, কারণ এটি অর্থ এবং গঠন উভয়দিক থেকেই মূল বাক্যের কাছাকাছি নয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১১২.

Having withdrawn the money, he wired it immediately.
Transform into a compound sentence.

ক
He had withdrawn the money and wired it immediately.
খ
He had withdrawn the money and so to wired it immediately.
গ
He had withdrawn the money and to wired it immediately.
ঘ
He had withdrawn the money then wired it immediately.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Perfect Participle যুক্ত Simple Sentence কে Compound Sentence এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Subject বসে,
- Perfect Participle এর past Perfect form বসে,
- and বসে,
- বাকী অংশ বসে।

Simple: Having forgotten him, I went out.
Compound: I had forgotten him and went out.

Simple: Having withdrawn the money, he wired it immediately.
Compound: He had withdrawn the money and wired it immediately.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১১৩.

We work dedicatedly to achieve success. (Make it compound)

ক
We work dedicatedly and we want to achieve success.
খ
We work dedicatedly so to achieve success.
গ
We want to achieve success and to therefore we work dedicatedly.
ঘ
We want to achieve success and so we work dedicatedly.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Simple sentence এ to অথবা in order to থাকলে Compound sentence এ and so/and so/ and therefore বসাতে হয়।
এক্ষেত্রে Clause গুলো উল্টে যাবে এবং প্রথম Clause এ ‘want to’ যোগ হবে।
সে অনুসারে প্রদত্ত বাক্যের সঠিক compound form হবে - We want to achieve success so/and so/ and therefore we work diligently.

• Compound sentence-এ একের অধিক principal clause থাকে যাদেরকে co-ordinate clause বলা হয়।
- অর্থাৎ Compound sentence এ দুই বা ততোধিক principal clause বা co-ordinate clause থাকে।
- এছাড়া Compound sentence এ সাধারণত and, or, but, yet, so, therefore, otherwise, else, both --- and , either --- or , neither — nor, not only --- but also ইত্যাদি co-ordinating conjunction দ্বারা দুইটি principal clause যুক্ত থাকে।

১১৪.

The journey was challenging, but the destination was rewarding. (Make it complex)

ক
Since the journey was challenging, the destination was rewarding.
খ
As the journey was challenging, the destination was rewarding.
গ
The journey was challenging and the destination was rewarding.
ঘ
Though the journey was challenging, the destination was rewarding.

ব্যাখ্যা

Compound Sentence: The journey was challenging, but the destination was rewarding.
Complex Sentence: Though the journey was challenging, the destination was rewarding.

- Compound Sentence এ but থাকলে Complex Sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে Though/Although ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• Complex Sentence:
- যে sentence- এ একটি Principal Clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate Clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে।
- Complex Sentence এর Subordinate Clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।

More Example:
Compound sentence: He is poor but he is honest
Complex Sentence: Though he is poor, he is honest.

Compound Sentence: The weather was gloomy, but the atmosphere was cheerful.
Complex Sentence: Though the weather was gloomy, the atmosphere was cheerful.

১১৫.

Besides eating rice, he took coffee. (Make it compound)

ক
He not only ate rice but also took coffee.
খ
He ate rice and also took coffee.
গ
Not only he eat rice but also took coffee.
ঘ
He ate both rice and coffee.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Simple to compound:

• Simple sentence এ “besides” থাকলে compound sentence এ “not only..….but also” structure ব্যবহার করে compound sentence টি গঠন করতে হয়।

Simple: Besides eating rice, he took coffee.
Compound: He not only ate rice but also took coffee.

১১৬.

She practiced every day to improve her skills. (Compound)

ক
She wanted to improve her skills and to she practiced every day.
খ
She wanted to improve her skills so therefore she practiced every day.
গ
She wanted to improve her skills and so therefore she practiced every day.
ঘ
She wanted to improve her skills and so she practiced every day.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Simple sentence এ to অথবা in order to থাকলে Compound Sentence এ পরিণত করতে তিনটি কাজ করতে হয় -
- যথা-
(1) Clause গুলোর অবস্থান উল্টে যাবে।
(2) ‘want to’ অতিরিক্ত যোগ হবে।
(3) ‘and so/ therefore’ Conjunction যোগ হবে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে -

Simple: She practiced every day to improve her skills.
Compound: She wanted to improve her skills and so she practiced every day.

১১৭.

I saw her going to school. (Compound)

ক
I saw her who was going to school.
খ
I saw her to go to school.
গ
She was going to school that I saw.
ঘ
I saw her and she was going to school.

ব্যাখ্যা

Compound Sentence :
→ যে বাক্যে একাধিক Principal Clause 'Coordinating Conjunction' দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে তাকে Compound Sentence বলে।
Compound Sentence গঠনের শর্ত হচ্ছে-
→ বাক্যে একের অধিক Principal Clause থাকবে।
→ বাক্যে এক বা একাধিক Coordinating Conjunction থাকবে।

→ and, or, but, both, fewer than, neither, and, not only.... but also, no less than, neither... nor, either... or, otherwise, still, yet, nevertheless, on the contrary, while, whereas, only, so, therefore, consequently, for- ইত্যাদি Coordinating Conjunction দ্বারা Compound Sentence গঠিত হয়।

→ অপশন 'ঘ' তে I saw her and she was going to school. বাক্যটিতে 'and' Coordinating Conjunction রয়েছে এবং দুইটি Prinipal Sentence কে 'and' Coordinating Conjunction দ্বারা যুক্ত করা হয়েছে। তাই বাক্যটি একটি Compound Sentence.

More Examples of Compound Sentence:
- The project was challenging, yet we completed it ahead of schedule and under budget.
- I wanted to go to the party, but I had to finish my homework.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S. M. Zakir Hussain.

১১৮.

Besides going to the book fair, I bought a number of books. (Make it Compound)

ক
ক) I not only went to the book fair but also bought a number of books
খ
খ) I went to the book fair and bought a number of books
গ
গ) Going to the book fair, I bought a number of books
ঘ
ঘ) When I went to the book fair, I bought a number of books

ব্যাখ্যা

Compound sentence-এ and, or, but থাকে। তাই অপশন b সঠিক।

১১৯.

Without signing this paper, you cannot go out. (Make it compound)

ক
ক) Sign this paper and you can go out.
খ
খ) If you want to go out, sign this paper.
গ
গ) Sign this paper so that you can go out.
ঘ
ঘ) Sign this paper otherwise you cannot go out.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Without signing this paper, you cannot go out - এটি একটি Simple sentence.
- Simple sentence যদি without + verb(ing) দ্বারা শুরু হয়, এ ধরনের sentence কে Compound করার নিয়ম :
- Without বাদ যাবে
- দুটি clause-এর মাঝে or/otherwise বসবে এবং
- শেষের clause-টি বসে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে - Sign this paper otherwise you cannot go out.

১২০.

Although he was tired, he continued working. (make it compound)

ক
He was tired, but he continued working.
খ
He was tired, and he continued working.
গ
He was tired, so he continued working.
ঘ
He was tired, or he continued working.

ব্যাখ্যা

Complex Sentence: Although he was tired, he continued working.
Compound Sentence: He was tired, but he continued working.

- প্রদত্ত Complex sentence টিতে এই দুটি স্বাধীন clause-কে "but" দিয়ে যুক্ত হয়েছে।

- যেহেতু মূল বাক্যের "Though" শব্দটি বৈপরীত্য বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।
- তাই Compound Sentence-এ একই বৈপরীত্য বোঝানোর জন্য coordinating conjunction "but" ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

• Though/ although যুক্ত Complex Sentence কে Compound Sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Though/ although উঠে যায়।
- ১ম Clause টি বসে।
- মাঝে But বসে।
- ২য় Clause টি বসে।

১২১.

'I have known him for a long time, yet I have never understood him.' This is a -

ক
ক) compound sentence
খ
খ) complex sentence
গ
গ) simple sentence
ঘ
ঘ) interrogative sentence

ব্যাখ্যা

১২২.

Having learned the rules, she joined the game. (Compound)

ক
She had learned the rules and join the game.
খ
She had learned the rules and joined the game.
গ
She had learned the rules and to joined the game.
ঘ
She had learned the rules so joined the game.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Perfect Participle যুক্ত Simple Sentence কে Compound Sentence এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Subject বসে,
- Perfect Participle এর past Perfect form বসে,
- and বসে,
- বাকী অংশ বসে।

Simple: Having forgotten him, I went out.
Compound: I had forgotten him and went out.

Simple Sentence: Having prepared the meal, she set the table.
Compound Sentence: She had prepared the meal and set the table.

Simple: Having learned the rules, she joined the game.
Compound: She had learned the rules and joined the game.

- প্রথমে Subject বসেছে।
- এ বাক্যে Perfect Participle হচ্ছে - Having learned.
- যার past Perfect form হচ্ছে - had learned.
- এরপর গঠন অনুযায়ী বাক্যের বাকী অংশ বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১২৩.

Though he is poor, he is honest. [compound]

ক
He is poor but to honest.
খ
He is poor but honest.
গ
He is poor and honest.
ঘ
Since he is poor to honest.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Though/Although যুক্ত complex sentence কে compound sentence- এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- Though/Although যুক্ত complex sentence কে compound sentence- এ পরিবর্তন করতে but/yet coordinate marker ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
- অর্থাৎ দুইটা sentence- এর অর্থ যদি পরস্পর বিপরীত হয় তাহলে but/yet দ্বারা compound sentence করতে হয়।

Complex: Though he is poor, he is honest.
Compound: He is poor but honest.

১২৪.

In spite of his poverty, he is honest. (change into a compound sentence)

ক
He is poor, he is honest.
খ
He is poor and he is honest.
গ
He is poor, but he is honest.
ঘ
None of the above.

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: He is poor, but he is honest.
- Compound sentence- এ রূপান্তরের জন্য দুটি independent clause প্রয়োজন যা coordinating conjunction দ্বারা যুক্ত হবে।"He is poor" ও he is honest" দুটি clause এদের মধ্যে but conjunction ব্যবহার করে Compound Sentence এ পরিণত করতে হবে।

Compound sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- মূল বাক্যটি একটি Simple sentence, যেখানে "In spite of his being poor" একটি prepositional phrase.
- এটিকে compound sentence-এ রূপান্তরের জন্য দুটি independent clause প্রয়োজন যা coordinating conjunction দ্বারা যুক্ত হবে।
- তাই সঠিক compound sentence হবে: He is poor, but he is honest.

Other options:
ক) He is poor, he is honest.
- ভুল, কারণ দুটি clause যুক্ত করার জন্য conjunction নেই।

খ) He is poor and he is honest.
- ভুল, কারণ এটা একটি compound sentence যেখানে দুটি বিপরীতধর্মী clause আছে
- এই দুটিকে যুক্ত করতে হলে সঠিক Clause marker হিসেবে but যুক্ত করতে হবে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১২৫.

Alex works hard in order to succeed in life. (Compound)

ক
Alex worked hard and succeeded in life.
খ
Alex worked hard so that he could succeed in life.
গ
Alex wants to succeed in life therefore he works hard.
ঘ
Alex works hard and be successful in life.

ব্যাখ্যা

Simple: Alex works hard in order to succeed in life.
Compound: Alex wants to succeed in life therefore he works hard.

• Simple to compound এর সময়,

• to/in order to দ্বারা গঠিত বাক্যকে Simple to compound করার নিয়ম :

• এ ধরনের বাক্যে Compound Sentence এ ৩টি কাজ করতে হয়। যথা -

1. Clause গুলোর অবস্থান উল্টে যাবে।
2. Want to অতিরিক্ত যোগ করতে হবে।
3. to/in order to এর পরিবর্তে ‘And so/ therefore’ conjunction যোগ হবে।

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

১২৬.

Work out the sum or you will be punished. (Make it Complex)

ক
ক) If you do not work out the sum, you will be punished.
খ
খ) If you did not work out the sum, you will be punished.
গ
গ) If you do not work out the sum, you be punished.
ঘ
ঘ) If you do work out the sum, you will be punished.

ব্যাখ্যা

- প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নের Complex রূপ হচ্ছে If you do not work out the sum, you will be punished.

• Structure:
Or যুক্ত Compound Sentence কে If you do not…. (negative), Sub +…. দ্বারা Complex এ রূপান্তর করতে হয়।

Example :
Compound: Work out the the sum or you will be punished.
Complex: If you do not work out the sum, you will be punished.

Compound: Study hard or fail.
Complex: If you do not study hard, you will fail.

১২৭.

Do it in order to get money. (compound)

ক
Do it and getting money.
খ
You should do it or you get money.
গ
Do it and you will get money.
ঘ
If you do it, you will get money.

ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is - গ) Do it and you will get money.

Simple Sentence-এ যদি to + verb (যেমন: to succeed, to pass, to win ইত্যাদি) কোনো উদ্দেশ্য (purpose) প্রকাশ করে, অথবা যদি in order to ব্যবহৃত হয়, তাহলে এই বাক্যটিকে Compound Sentence-এ রূপান্তর করার সময় নিচের নিয়ম অনুসরণ করতে হয়:
- to + verb থাকলে, "to" বাদ দিতে হবে এবং বাক্যটির পূর্বের অংশটিকে Imperative Sentence (আদেশমূলক বাক্য) হিসেবে রূপান্তর করতে হবে।
- এরপর "and (you will)" বসিয়ে বাক্যের দ্বিতীয় অংশটি যুক্ত করতে হবে।
- in order to + verb থাকলে, “in order to”-র জায়গায় “and (you will)” বসাতে হবে।

• Examples:
Simple: Do it in order to get money.
Compound: Do it and (you will) get money.

Simple: You must work hard in order to succeed.
Compound: Work hard and you will succeed.

Simple: Study hard in order to pass the exam.
Compound: Study hard and (you will) pass the exam.

Other options:
ক) Do it and getting money.
- এখানে “getting money” একটি present participle phrase, যা একটি পূর্ণ sentence নয়।
- Compound sentence গঠনের জন্য দুটি independent clause দরকার, কিন্তু এই বাক্যে দ্বিতীয় অংশটি পূর্ণ clause হয়নি।
- তাই বাক্যটি ভুল।

খ) You should do it or you get money.
- এটি grammatical structure অনুযায়ী দেখতে compound sentence হলেও, “or” ব্যবহারের কারণে অর্থ হয়ে যায়: “তুমি এটা করো, না হলে তুমি টাকা পাবে।”
- মূল simple sentence-এ উদ্দেশ্য (purpose) বোঝানো হয়েছিল (“in order to get money”), কিন্তু এখানে বিকল্প বা বিপরীত ফলাফল বোঝাচ্ছে।

ঘ) If you do it, you will get money.
- এটি একটি complex sentence, কারণ এখানে “If” একটি subordinating conjunction।
- “If you do it” - এটি একটি dependent clause, যা একা অর্থপূর্ণ নয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

১২৮.

Unless you finish the task, you cannot leave. (Make it compound)

ক
You cannot leave unless you finish the task.
খ
Finish the task unless you cannot leave.
গ
Finish the task either you cannot leave.
ঘ
Finish the task or you cannot leave.

ব্যাখ্যা

Complex: Unless you finish the task, you cannot leave.
Compound: Finish the task or you cannot leave.

• Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “Unless” ও এর পরে second person (you) থাকলে, Compound sentence- এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Unless ও you উঠে যাবে।
- দুই clause এর মাঝে ”or” বসে।
- অন্য কোনো পরিবর্তন হবে না।

Example:
Complex: Unless you watch closely, you will miss the scenario.
Compound: Watch closely or you will miss the scenario.

১২৯.

He wants to earn more money.

ক
ক) He has a desire and it is to earn more money.
খ
খ) He wants so that he can earn more money.
গ
গ) He wants in order that he can earn more money.
ঘ
ঘ) He wants and it is to earn more money.

ব্যাখ্যা

কিছু কিছু বাক্য নির্দিষ্ট Structure এর মাধ্যমে Transformation করা যায় না।
অর্থ সঙ্গতি এবং প্রথমে বর্ণিত Basic নিয়ম ঠিক আছে কি না, এ দুদিকে লক্ষ্য রেখে সঠিক উত্তর বাছাই করতে হবে।
এসব ক্ষেত্রে সঠিক উত্তর না খুঁজে বরং Minus Three Theory বা ভুল অপশনগুলো বাদ দেয়ার প্রক্রিয়া অনুসরণ করা ভালো।
খ ও গ Complex Sentence. তাই ভুল।
এখানে ঘ অপশনে wants Transitive Verb হওয়ায় Object না থাকার কারণে বাক্য incomplete হয়ে যাচ্ছে।
ক গঠনগত ও অর্থগতভাবে শুদ্ধ। তাই সঠিক উত্তর ক।

১৩০.

Transform into a simple sentence: "He is talented, but he is careless."

ক
Being talented, he is careless.
খ
In spite of his talent, he is careless.
গ
In spite of his being talented, he is careless.
ঘ
In spite of he being talented, he is careless.

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: গ) In spite of his being talented, he is careless.

Rule: Compound (but) → Simple (In spite of)
Compound বাক্যে যদি but থাকে, সেটিকে Simple Sentence-এ রূপান্তর করতে হলে In spite of ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
- প্রথম clause-এর subject কে possessive form করতে হয়।
- যদি প্রথম clause-এ be verb (is/was/are/were) থাকে, তবে তার জায়গায় being বসাতে হয়।
- যদি has/have/had থাকে, তবে having বসাতে হয়।
- যদি মূল verb থাকে, তবে verb + ing বসাতে হয়।
- but বাদ দিয়ে বাক্যকে একত্রে লিখতে হয়।

অর্থাৎ Compound বাক্যে যদি but থাকে, সেটিকে Simple Sentence-এ রূপান্তর করতে হলে প্রথমে In spite of ব্যবহার করতে হয়। এরপর প্রথম clause-এর subject কে possessive form করতে হয়। যদি প্রথম clause-এ be verb (is/was/are/were) থাকে, তবে তার জায়গায় being বসাতে হয়। যদি has/have/had থাকে, তবে তার জায়গায় having বসাতে হয়। আর যদি মূল verb থাকে, তবে verb-এর সাথে ‑ing যোগ করতে হয়। তারপর বাক্যের দ্বিতীয় অংশ অপরিবর্তিত বসে। অর্থাৎ, Compound বাক্যে but বাদ দিয়ে তার জায়গায় In spite of + possessive subject + being/having/verb+ing বসিয়ে Simple Sentence তৈরি করতে হয়।

Structure: In spite of + Subject-এর possessive form + being/having/verb+ing + বাক্যের বাকি অংশ।

উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নের এখানে,
Given Compound Sentence: He is talented, but he is careless.
Correct Simple Sentence: In spite of his being talented, he is careless.

Other options:
ক) Being talented, he is careless. → এখানে In spite of ব্যবহার করা হয়নি। Rule অনুযায়ী but → In spite of করতে হবে।
খ) In spite of he talent, he is careless. → এখানে Subject he ও talent noun ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, কিন্তু Rule অনুযায়ী Subject his ও is → being বসাতে হবে।
ঘ) In spite of he being talented, he is careless. → এখানে Subject he কে possessive form his করতে হবে। তাই এটি ভুল।

Example Sentence:
Compound: She is intelligent, but she is lazy.
Simple: In spite of her being intelligent, she is lazy.
Compound: He had money, but he was unhappy.
Simple: In spite of his having money, he was unhappy.

১৩১.

Although the hike was challenging, the view from the top was worth it. (Make it compound)

ক
The hike was challenging; however, the view from the top was worth it.
খ
Even though the hike was challenging, the view from the top was worth it.
গ
The hike was challenging, but the view from the top was worth it.
ঘ
The hike was challenging, still the view from the top was worth it.
ঙ
The hike was challenging, and the view from the top was worth it.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Complex Sentence: Although the hike was challenging, the view from the top was worth it.
• Compound Sentence: The hike was challenging, but the view from the top was worth it.

• Though/Although যুক্ত complex sentence কে compound sentence- এ পরিবর্তন করতে but/yet- coordinate marker ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
- অর্থাৎ, দুইটা sentence- এর অর্থ যদি পরস্পর বিপরীত হয় তাহলে but/yet দ্বারা compound sentence করতে হয়।

More Example:
• Complex: Though he is poor, he is honest.
• Compound: He is poor but honest.

• Complex: Though he was a rich man, he led a simple life.
• Compound: He was a rich man yet he led a simple life.

১৩২.

Having received the invitation, we attended the ceremony. [Compound]

ক
We had received the invitation and attended the ceremony.
খ
We had received the invitation and had attended the ceremony.
গ
We had received the invitation to attended the ceremony.
ঘ
We had received the invitation and to attended the ceremony.

ব্যাখ্যা

Simple: Having received the invitation, we attended the ceremony.
Compound: We had received the invitation and attended the ceremony.

• Perfect Participle যুক্ত Simple Sentence কে Compound Sentence এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Subject বসে,
- Perfect Participle এর past Perfect form বসে,
- and বসে,
- বাকী অংশ বসে।

Simple: Having forgotten him, I went out.
Compound: I had forgotten him and went out.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৩৩.

Runa is too weak to move. (Compund)

ক
Runa is very weak and couldnot move.
খ
Runa is very weak so that cannot move.
গ
Runa is very weak and cannot move.
ঘ
Runa was very weak and cannot move.
ঙ
Runa is so weak and cannot move.

ব্যাখ্যা

• প্রদত্ত sentence টি simple sentence এ আছে।
- Too + to যুক্ত Simple sentence কে Compound sentence এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
-Too এর পরিবর্তে very বসবে,
- to এর পরিবর্তে and বসবে,
- tense অনুযায়ী cannot/could not বসে,
- to এর পরের অংশ।

Simple: Runa is too weak to move.
Compound: Runa is very weak and cannot move.

১৩৪.

You must obey me; else I will punish you. What type of sentence is this?

ক
ক) Simple
খ
খ) Complex
গ
গ) Compound
ঘ
ঘ) Conditional

ব্যাখ্যা

You must obey me এবং I will punish you দুইটাই Independent Clause, একটা আরেকটার Part নয়।
আর এগুলো else (co-ordinate Conjunction) দ্বারা যুক্ত হয়েছে।
তাই বাক্যটা Compound Sentence.

১৩৫.

‘We eat to live.’ The compound form of this sentence is -

ক
We eat and live.
খ
We eat so that we may live.
গ
We eat for the purpose of living.
ঘ
None

ব্যাখ্যা

'We eat to live.' - এটি simple sentence.
Compound: We eat and live.
Complex: We eat so that we may live.

১৩৬.

"Many people thought the project would fail; on the contrary, it exceeded all expectations and was a great success." This is a-

ক
Complex Sentence
খ
Compound Sentence
গ
Simple Sentence
ঘ
Imperative Sentence

ব্যাখ্যা

Compound Sentence :
- যে বাক্যে একাধিক Principal Clause 'Coordinating Conjunction' দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে তাকে Compound Sentence বলে।
Compound Sentence গঠনের শর্ত হচ্ছে-
- বাক্যে একের অধিক Principal Clause থাকবে।
- বাক্যে এক বা একাধিক Coordinating Conjunction থাকবে।

- and, or, but, both, fewer than, neither, and, not only.... but also, no less than, neither... nor, either... or, otherwise, still, yet, nevertheless, on the contrary, while, whereas, only, so, therefore, consequently, for- ইত্যাদি Coordinating Conjunction দ্বারা Compound Sentence গঠিত হয়।

- Many people thought the project would fail; on the contrary, it exceeded all expectations and was a great success.
- বাক্যটিতে 'on the contrary' এবং 'and' Coordinating Conjunction রয়েছে এবং তিনটি Prinipal Sentence কে 'on the contrary' এবং 'and' Coordinating Conjunction দ্বারা যুক্ত করা হয়েছে। তাই বাক্যটি একটি Compound Sentence.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S. M. Zakir Hussain.

১৩৭.

He decided to go there. (make it Compound)

ক
He took a decision and it was to go there.
খ
He decided that he would go there.
গ
He decided and he went there.
ঘ
He decided therefor he went there.

ব্যাখ্যা

to go there এখানে decided – Verb এর Object হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।
to + verb যদি পূর্বের Verb এর Object হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়, তাহলে to + Verb দিয়ে সার্বিকভাবে যা বুঝাচ্ছে এ রকম একটা Object ব্যবহার করে এর পর and it is/was + to + Verb বসবে।

He decided to go there. - তিনি সেখানে যাওয়ার সিদ্ধান্ত নেন।
=> He took a decision and it was to go there. - তিনি একটি সিদ্ধান্ত নেন এবং এটা ছিল সেখানে যাওয়ার।

অপশন গ ও ঘ গঠনগতভাবে Compound Sentence হলেও অর্থগতভাবে প্রদত্ত Sentence এর সাথে সামঞ্জস্যপূর্ণ নয়।

১৩৮.

We went to the dining room after the work had been completed. (make it compound)

ক
We went to the dining room and the work was completed.
খ
The work was completed and than we went to the dining room.
গ
The work was completed and we went to the dining room.
ঘ
The work was completed and then we went to the dining room.

ব্যাখ্যা

• After বা before যুক্ত Complex Sentence কে Compound Sentence- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Complex sentence- এ past perfect tense যুক্ত clause টি Compound sentence- এ প্রথমে বসে এবং উক্ত clause টিকে past indefinite form- এ বসাতে হবে।
- after বা before এর পরিবর্তে and then বসে।
- Complex Sentence- এর past indefinite tense টির অংশটি বসবে।

• After:
Complex Sentence: We went to the dining room after the work had been completed.
Compound Sentence: The work was completed and then we went to the dining room.

• Before:
Complex Sentence: The train had started before we reached home.
Compound Sentence: The train started and then we reached home.

Source: A Passage to the English Language S. M. Zakir Hussain.

১৩৯.

Feeling hungry, he ate a sandwich. (Make it Compound)

ক
He was hungry so that he ate a sandwich.
খ
He was being hungry, and he ate a sandwich.
গ
He was hungry, and he ate a sandwich.
ঘ
Because he was hungry so that he ate a sandwich.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Simple: Feeling hungry, he ate a sandwich.
- Compound: He was hungry, and he ate a sandwich.

• Simple Sentence থেকে Compound Sentence:
- যদি Simple sentence-এ Present Participle Phrase (Verb + ing) ব্যবহার করে কারণ (Reason) বোঝানো হয়, তাহলে Compound sentence-এ রূপান্তর করার সময়-
- Present Participle Phrase (Verb + ing)-কে Independent Clause-এ রূপান্তর করতে হবে।
- দুটি Independent Clause যুক্ত করতে and বা so ব্যবহার করতে হবে।

- অর্থাৎ যদি Simple Sentence-এ কোনো ব্যক্তির কাজ করার কারণ এবং তার ফলাফল উল্লেখ থাকে, তবে Compound Sentence-এ প্রথমে কারণ উল্লেখ করা হয় এবং তারপর ফলাফল-কে conjunction "and" দিয়ে যুক্ত করা হয়।

- সুতরাং, Transformation Rule অনুসারে সঠিক Compound Sentence টি হবে: He was hungry, and he ate a sandwich.

More examples:
- Simple: Being late, she missed the bus.
- Compound: She was late, and she missed the bus.

অন্যদিকে,
ক) He was hungry so that he ate a sandwich.
- So that introduces a purpose clause, অর্থাৎ, এটি complex sentence গঠন করেছে, তাই ভুল।

খ) He was being hungry, and he ate a sandwich.
- "He was being hungry" grammatically ভুল।

ঘ) Because he was hungry so that he ate a sandwich.
- Double conjunctions (because + so that) make it grammatically wrong.

১৪০.

He was enthusiastic about the project, but he failed to meet the deadline. (Make it simple)

ক
ক) Despite of his being enthusiastic about the project, he failed to meet the deadline.
খ
খ) Inspite being enthusiastic about the project, he failed to meet the deadline.
গ
গ) Inspite of his enthusiasm about the project, he failed to meet the deadline.
ঘ
ঘ) Despite of his enthusiasm about the project, he failed to meet the deadline.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Simple Sentence:
- যে sentence- এ একটি মাত্র subject ও একটি মাত্র Finite verb থাকে তাকে simple sentence বলে।

• But যুক্ত Compound sentence কে simple sentence এ রূপান্তর:
- শুরুতে inspite of/despite বসে।
- person অনুযায়ী possessive form যেমন: my/his/her বসে।
- প্রথম clause এর adjective এর noun form + দ্বিতীয় clause ব্যবহার করা হয়।

• Example:
Compound: He is rich but he is unhappy.
Simple: Inspite of his riches he is unhappy.

Compound: He was ill, but he came for rehearsal.
Simple: In spite of his illness, he came for rehearsal.

১৪১.

Since she studied hard, she passed the exam. [Make it compound]

ক
She studied hard, so she passed the exam.
খ
She studied hard, and she will be passed the exam.
গ
She studied hard and she had passed the exam.
ঘ
All of the above

ব্যাখ্যা

সঠিক উত্তর: ক) She studied hard, so she passed the exam.

→ Complex sentence-এর মধ্যে subordinate clause থাকে, যা subordinating conjunction (যেমন: since, because, although ইত্যাদি) দ্বারা যুক্ত হয়।
- Compound sentence তৈরি করতে হলে দুটি independent clause (main clause) কে coordinating conjunction (যেমন: and, but, so, therefore, or ইত্যাদি) ব্যবহার করে যুক্ত করতে হয়।
→ অর্থাৎ যদি Complex Sentence-টি "since," "as," বা "when" দিয়ে শুরু হয়, তাহলে Compound Sentence-এ রূপান্তর করার সময়:
- "Since," "as," বা "when" বাদ যাবে।
- দুই clause-এর মাঝে "and," "so," "hence," বা "therefore" যুক্ত হবে।
- Main clause অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।

→ উল্লেখিত complex sentence: "Since she studied hard, she passed the exam." এখানে, "Since she studied hard" হলো subordinate clause এবং "she passed the exam" হলো main clause। এই sentence-টি "Since" (যেহেতু) ব্যবহার করে, যা শর্ত বা কারণ বোঝায়। → Compound Sentence রূপান্তর: একটি compound sentence তৈরি করতে, coordinating conjunction (যেমন: and, so, therefore) ব্যবহার করা হয়। (ক) She studied hard, so she passed the exam. "so" এখানে কারণ বা ফলাফল বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে, যা "Since" এর শর্তের সাথে মিলছে।

→ সুতরাং Transformation Rule অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তর: ক) She studied hard, so she passed the exam.

অন্য অপশন গুলো:
খ) She studied hard, and she will be passed the exam.
এটি grammatical ভাবে, কারণ "will be passed" passive voice যা প্রাসঙ্গিক নয়।
গ) She studied hard and she had passed the exam.
এটি একটি Compound sentence হলেও, "had passed" past perfect tense ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, যা প্রাসঙ্গিক বিষয়টির সঙ্গে সঠিকভাবে মেলে না।
ঘ) All of the above
এটি সঠিক নয়, কারণ সব বিকল্পই সঠিক Compound sentence নয়।

Example:
Complex: Since he was late, he missed the bus.
Compound: He was late, and he missed the bus.
Compound: He was late, so he missed the bus.
Compound: He was late, hence he missed the bus.
Compound: He was late, therefore he missed the bus.

১৪২.

Though he was tired, he did not express that clearly. (Make it Compound)

ক
ক) He did not express clearly he was tired.
খ
খ) He was tired but he did not express that clearly.
গ
গ) He was tired and he did not express that clearly.
ঘ
ঘ) He was tired or he did not express that clearly.

ব্যাখ্যা

Complex Sentence এ Though থাকলে Compound Sentence এ but বসে।

১৪৩.

If you do not study hard, you will not succeed. (Make it compound)

ক
Study hard or you will not succeed.
খ
Study hard and you will not succeed.
গ
Study hard but you will not succeed.
ঘ
Without studying hard you will not succeed.

ব্যাখ্যা

• If যুক্ত Complex sentence টি যদি Negative অর্থবোধক হয়, তবে Compound Sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- If থেকে not পর্যন্ত উঠে যাবে।
- not এরপর থেকে কমার আগ পর্যন্ত বাকি অংশটি বসে।
- or বসে।
- বাকি Clause টি বসে।

• Complex Sentence: If you do not study hard, you will not succeed.
• Compound Sentence: Study hard or you will not succeed.

• Note:
- তবে sentence টি যদি Affirmative Sentence হয় তাহলে or এর পরিবর্তে and বসে।
- বাকি সব উপরের rule এর মতোই ঠিক থাকবে।

• Complex Sentence: If you run fast, you can win the prize.
• Compound Sentence: Run fast and you can win the prize.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৪৪.

‘‘Do the work, else he will kill you.’’ - What type of sentence is this?

ক
ক) Compound sentence
খ
খ) Simple sentence
গ
গ) Complex sentence
ঘ
ঘ) Optative sentence

ব্যাখ্যা

Compound sentence-এ একের অধিক principal clause থাকে যাদেরকে co-ordinate clause বলা হয়।

এছাড়া Compound sentence এ সাধারণত and, or, but, yet, so, therefore, otherwise, else, both ___ and , either ___ or , neither ___ nor, not only ___ but also ইত্যাদি co-ordinating conjunction দ্বারা দুইটি principal clause যুক্ত থাকে।

এখানে ‘Do the work’ এবং ‘he will kill you’ দুইটি co-ordinate clause ‘else’ দ্বারা যুক্ত হয়েছে বলে এটি Compound sentence.

১৪৫.

Beside being a good student, he is a good player. (compound)

ক
He is nothing but a good student also good player.
খ
He is not only a good student but also good player.
গ
He is a good student and a good player.
ঘ
He is not only a good student but also a good player.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Simple sentence এ “besides being” থাকলে compound sentence এ “not only..….but also” structure ব্যবহার করে compound sentence টি গঠন করতে হয়।

Simple: Beside being a good student, he is a good player.
Compound: He is not only a good student but also a good player.

১৪৬.

The compound form of the sentence:
Having studied all night, he passed the test.

ক
He studied all night and then passed the test.
খ
He studied all night so that he passed the test.
গ
He studied all night and passed the test.
ঘ
He studied all night after he passed the test.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Simple: Having studied all night, he passed the test.
- Compound: He studied all night and passed the test.

• Perfect Participle যুক্ত Simple Sentence কে Compound Sentence এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Subject বসে,
- Perfect Participle এর past Perfect form বসে,
- and বসে,
- বাকী অংশ বসে।

• More examples:
- Simple: Having locked the door, he left the house.
- Compound: He had locked the door and left the house.

- Simple: Having forgotten him, I went out.
- Compound: I had forgotten him and went out.

১৪৭.

Translate it: "Every dog has its day."

ক
সবুরে মেওয়া ফলে।
খ
লাই দিলে কুকুর মাথায় উঠে।
গ
প্রত্যেকের জীবনেই সুদিন আসে।
ঘ
অতি চালাকের গলায় দড়ি।

ব্যাখ্যা

• Every dog has its day.
- প্রত্যেকের জীবনেই সুদিন আসে।/ সুখ-সৌভাগ্যের দিন কারো চিরস্থায়ী হয় না।

- It is said to emphasize that everyone is successful or happy at some time in their life.
- অর্থাৎ, জীবনে প্রত্যেকেরই একবার না একবার সাফল্য বা ভালো সময় আসবেই।

অন্যদিকে,
- Patience has its reward. - সবুরে মেওয়া ফলে।

- Give him an inch and he'll take an ell/mile. - লাই দিলে কুকুর মাথায় উঠে।/ বসতে পেলে শুতে চায়।

- Too much cunning overreaches itself. - অতি চালাকের গলায় দড়ি।

১৪৮.

I will slap you if you don't eat the meal. (Make it compound)

ক
ক) Eat the meal or I will slap you.
খ
খ) Unless you don't eat the meal, I will slap you.
গ
গ) Eat the meal, else I will slap you.
ঘ
ঘ) I will slap you if you don't eat the meal.

ব্যাখ্যা

- সাধারণত, If যুক্ত অংশটি যদি negative হয়, তবে compound sentence টি তে 'or' conjunction যুক্ত হয়।।

অতএব সঠিক বাক্যটি হবে - Eat the meal or I will slap you.

১৪৯.

Convert to compound: "Though he was tired, he continued working."

ক
He was tired, but he continued working.
খ
He was tired because he continued working.
গ
Being tired, he continued working.
ঘ
He was tired, so he stopped working.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Correct Answer: He was tired, but he continued working.

- Though he was tired, he continued working.
- এই বাক্যের দুইটি অংশ আছে,
- প্রথম clause টি subordinate clause, পরবর্তী clause টি principle clause.
- Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “though”/”Although” থাকলে, compound sentence “but”/”yet” conjunction দিয়ে পৃথক clause গুলোকে যুক্ত করে ।
- He was tired, but he continued working.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১৫০.

If you do not hurry, you will miss the train. (make it compound)

ক
Hurry and you will miss the train.
খ
Hurry but you will miss the train.
গ
Hurry or you will miss the train.
ঘ
Without hurrying you will miss the train.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Complex Sentence: If you do not hurry, you will miss the train.
• Compound Sentence: Hurry or you will miss the train.

• Note:
- তবে sentence টি যদি Affirmative Sentence হয় তাহলে or এর পরিবর্তে and বসে।
- বাকি সব উপরের rule এর মতোই ঠিক থাকবে।

• Complex Sentence: If you run fast, you can win the prize.
• Compound Sentence: Run fast and you can win the prize.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৫১.

Transform it into a compound sentence:
Having finished my homework, I played football.

ক
I had finished my homework and played football.
খ
I finished my homework, played football.
গ
I had finished my homework but played football.
ঘ
I finished my homework and was playing football.

ব্যাখ্যা

• সঠিক উত্তর: ক) I had finished my homework and played football.

- Simple Sentence: Having finished my homework, I played football.
- Compound Sentence: I had finished my homework and played football.

- Perfect Participle যুক্ত Simple Sentence কে Compound Sentence এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:

- প্রথমে Subject বসে,
- তারপর simple sentence এর Perfect Participle এর past Perfect form বসে।
- and বসে,
- বাকী অংশ বসে।
- Simple: Having forgotten him, I went out.
- Compound: I had forgotten him and went out.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৫২.

Whereas an educated man is an asset to society, an ignorant man is a liability. (make it compound)

ক
ক) In spite an educated man is an asset to society, an ignorant man is a liability.
খ
খ) An educated man is an asset to society but an ignorant man is a liability.
গ
গ) An educated man is an asset to society and an ignorant man is a liability.
ঘ
ঘ) An educated man is an asset to society or an ignorant man is a liability.

ব্যাখ্যা

Whereas = যেখানে (তুলনামূলক পার্থক্য বুঝাতে)। বিপরীতমুখী ধারণা হলে Compound Sentence এ Conjunction হিসেবে but বসে।
তাই উপর্যুক্ত বাক্যটির compound form হবে: An educated man is an asset to society but an ignorant man is a liability

১৫৩.

Having finished the homework, the boy went out to play. (Compound)

ক
The boy finished the work and went out to play.
খ
The boy had finished the homework and went out to play.
গ
The boy had finished the homework so out to play.
ঘ
The boy had finished the homework that went out to play.

ব্যাখ্যা

Simple: Having finished the homework, the boy went out to play.
Compound: The boy had finished the homework and went out to play.

১৫৪.

Even though it was raining heavily, they continued their hike to reach the summit.
- This is an example of -

ক
Compound sentence
খ
Simple compound sentence
গ
Complex sentence
ঘ
Compound-Complex Sentence

ব্যাখ্যা

• Even though it was raining heavily, they continued their hike to reach the summit.
- This is an example of - Complex sentence.

• Complex sentence:
- যে sentence এ একটি Principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে।
- Complex sentence এর subordinate clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।
যেমন:
- Even though she was tired, she stayed up late to finish her project.

• অন্যদিকে,
• Simple sentence:
- A simple sentence consists of a single independent clause that expresses a complete thought.
- একটি simple sentence এ শুধুমাত্র একটি clause থাকে অর্থাৎ একটি subject এবং একটি finite verb থাকে,
- যেমন: The sun shines brightly in the sky.

• Compound sentence:
- এ একের অধিক principal clause থাকে যাদেরকে co-ordinate clause বলা হয়।
- অর্থাৎ Compound sentence এ দুই বা ততোধিক principal clause বা co-ordinate clause থাকে।
- এছাড়া Compound sentence এ সাধারণত and, or, but, yet, so, therefore, otherwise, else, both --- and , either --- or , neither — nor, not only --- but also ইত্যাদি coordinating conjunction দ্বারা দুইটি principal clause যুক্ত থাকে।
-যেমন:
- The movie was really interesting, but it was quite long.

• Compound-Complex Sentences:
- A compound-complex sentence contains at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
- যেমন - Although it was raining heavily, they continued their hike, and they eventually reached the summit despite the challenging weather conditions.

১৫৫.

The dinner being finished, they sat down to relax in the living room. (Make it compound)

ক
The dinner was finished and they sat down to relax in the living room.
খ
The dinner was finished and than they sat down to relax in the living room.
গ
The dinner was finished and then they sat down to relax in the living room.
ঘ
If the dinner was finished then they sat down to relax in the living room.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Being যুক্ত Simple Sentence কে Compound sentence কে রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Being এর বাকী অংশে যে tense আছে being- কেও সেই Tense এ গঠন করতে হবে।
- being যুক্ত বাক্যে subject না থাকলে একই subject টি 'being' অংশের প্রথমে বসে।
- Sentence দুটির মাঝে And বসে।

Simple Sentence: The dinner being finished, they sat down to relax in the living room.
Compound Sentence: The dinner was finished and they sat down to relax in the living room.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৫৬.

‘I am counting my calories, yet I really want dessert.’ This is a -

ক
compound sentence
খ
complex sentence
গ
simple sentence
ঘ
interrogative sentence

ব্যাখ্যা

এটি একটি compound sentence কারণ এখানে দুটি Independent Clause যুক্ত হয়েছে yet শব্দটি দ্বারা।

১৫৭.

If he does not, he will die. (Compound)

ক
ক) Do and die
খ
খ) Do or die
গ
গ) He cannot do and die
ঘ
ঘ) Let him do or he will die

ব্যাখ্যা

If + negative থাকলে Compound sentence এ imperative + or হবে।
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে " if" ও এর পরে first or third person থাকলে এবং তা যদি Negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করে, তবে compound করার নিয়ম -
Let + pronoun এর objective form + subordinate clause এর affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause.
সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে - Let him do or he will die.

১৫৮.

If you do not move, you will die. (make it compound)

ক
Move and you will die.
খ
Move but you will die.
গ
Without moving you die.
ঘ
Move or you will die.

ব্যাখ্যা

• If যুক্ত Complex sentence টি যদি Negative অর্থবোধক হয়, তবে Compound Sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- If থেকে not পর্যন্ত উঠে যাবে।
- not এরপর থেকে কমার আগ পর্যন্ত বাকি অংশটি বসে।
- or বসে।
- বাকি Clause টি বসে।

• Complex Sentence: If you do not move, you will die.
• Compound Sentence: Move or you will die.

• Complex Sentence: If you run fast, you can win the prize.
• Compound Sentence: Run fast and you can win the prize.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৫৯.

Transform the simple sentence “Being hungry, he ate quickly” into a correct compound sentence.

ক
He was hungry or he ate quickly.
খ
He was hungry, and he ate quickly.
গ
He ate quickly, and he was hungry.
ঘ
He Being hungry so he ate quickly.

ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer: খ) He was hungry, and he ate quickly.

• Simple Sentence থেকে Compound Sentence:
যদি Simple sentence-এ Present Participle Phrase (Verb + ing) ব্যবহার করে কারণ (Reason) বোঝানো হয়, তাহলে Compound sentence-এ রূপান্তর করার সময়
- Present Participle Phrase (Verb + ing)-কে Independent Clause-এ রূপান্তর করতে হবে।
- দুটি Independent Clause যুক্ত করতে and বা so ব্যবহার করতে হবে।

অর্থাৎ যদি Simple Sentence-এ কোনো ব্যক্তির কাজ করার কারণ এবং তার ফলাফল উল্লেখ থাকে, তবে Compound Sentence-এ প্রথমে কারণ উল্লেখ করা হয় এবং তারপর ফলাফল-কে conjunction "and" দিয়ে যুক্ত করা হয়।

• উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নে Simple Sentence হলো: "Being hungry, he ate quickly"
এখানে, কারণ (Cause): "Being hungry" (তার ক্ষুধা লাগা) এবং ফলাফল (Result): "he ate quickly" (সে দ্রুত খেল)।
• এই Simple Sentence-কে Compound Sentence-এ রূপান্তর করার সময়:
- প্রথমে কারণটি একটি Independent Clause আকারে লিখতে হবে: "He was hungry"
- তারপর conjunction "and" ব্যবহার করে ফলাফলের Clause-টি যুক্ত করতে হবে: "he ate quickly"
→ সুতরাং Rule অনুসারে সঠিক Compound Sentence হবে: "He was hungry, and he ate quickly."

Other Options:
ক) He was hungry or he ate quickly. - or বিকল্প বোঝাতে বসে, কারণ-ফল বোঝাতে বসে না।
গ) He ate quickly, and he was hungry. - এই বাক্যে ফল এর পরে কারণ আসছে, ক্রম উল্টে গেছে।
ঘ) He Being hungry so he ate quickly. - Incomplete Clause বা অসম্পূর্ণ বাক্য (ব্যাকরণ ভুল)।

Example Sentences:
- Simple: Being late, she missed the bus.
- Compound: She was late, and she missed the bus.
- Simple: Feeling tired, he went to bed early.
- Compound: He was feeling tired, so he went to bed early.

১৬০.

Which one is a compound sentence?

ক
As I am weak I cannot walk.
খ
Owing to weakness I cannot walk.
গ
I am weak but I can walk.
ঘ
I can walk although I am weak.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Compound sentence-এ একের অধিক principal clause থাকে যাদেরকে co-ordinate clause বলা হয়।
- অর্থাৎ Compound sentence- এ দুই বা ততােধিক principal clause বা co-ordinate clause থাকে।
- এছাড়া Compound sentence- এ সাধারণত and, or, but, yet, so, therefore, otherwise, or, else ইত্যাদি co-ordinating conjunction দ্বারা দুইটি principal clause যুক্ত থাকে। যেমন-
- I am weak but I can walk.
- Do or die.
- He is honest but poor.

১৬১.

Choose the correct compound transformation:
"Unless you work hard, you will not succeed."

ক
You must work hard, yet you will not succeed.
খ
Work hard so you will not succeed.
গ
Work hard or you will not succeed.
ঘ
Without you work hard and you will not succeed.

ব্যাখ্যা

• The correct compound transformation is: Work hard or you will not succeed.

• Unless you work hard, you will not succeed.
- প্রশ্নে প্রদত্ত এই sentence টি একটি Complex Sentence.
- Unless দ্বারা শর্ত বোঝায়, আর শর্তযুক্ত সকল sentence ই Complex Sentence.

• Complex sentence -এর শুরুতে “Unless” ও এর পরে second person (you) থাকলে, সেটি Compound sentence -এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Unless এবং you উঠে যাবে।
- দুই clause -এর মাঝে ”or” বসবে।
- অন্য কোনো পরিবর্তন হবে না, যেভাবে আছে সেভাবেই থাকবে।

• More examples:
- Complex: Unless you practice regularly, you will not improve.
- Compound: Practice regularly, or you will not improve.

১৬২.

They exercised regularly to stay healthy. (compound)

ক
They wanted to stay healthy and therefore to they exercised regularly.
খ
They wanted to stay healthy and so they exercised regularly.
গ
They wanted to stay healthy and so therefore they exercised regularly.
ঘ
They wanted to stay healthy and so there they exercised regularly.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Simple sentence এ to অথবা in order to থাকলে Compound Sentence এ পরিণত করতে তিনটি কাজ করতে হয় -
- যথা-
(1) Clause গুলোর অবস্থান উল্টে যাবে।
(2) ‘want to’ অতিরিক্ত যোগ হবে।
(3) ‘and so/ therefore’ Conjunction যোগ হবে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে -
Simple: They worked overtime to save money for a vacation.
Compound: They wanted to save money for a vacation and therefore they worked overtime.

Simple: They exercised regularly to stay healthy.
Compound: They wanted to stay healthy and so they exercised regularly.

১৬৩.

If he does not get oxygen, he will die. (Make it Compound)

ক
ক) Get oxygen and die.
খ
খ) Get oxygen or die.
গ
গ) He cannot get oxygen and die.
ঘ
ঘ) Let him get oxygen or he will die.

ব্যাখ্যা

If + negative থাকায় Compound sentence এ imperative + or হবে।
তবে Compound-এ Subject হিসেবে you না থাকায় let দিয়ে imperative sentence শুরু হবে।
তাই সঠিক উত্তর Let him get oxygen or he will die.

১৬৪.

"Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity, and I'm not sure about the former." - This is an example of -

ক
ক) Simple Sentence
খ
খ) Complex Sentence
গ
গ) Compound Sentence
ঘ
ঘ) Interrogative Sentence

ব্যাখ্যা

প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি compound sentence এর উদাহরণ।
compound sentence এ সাধারণত দুইটি principal clause and, or, but, else, yet, otherwise, therefore ইত্যাদি conjunction দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে।
এখানে 'Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity' একটি clause এবং I'm not sure about the former আরেকটি clause.

১৬৫.

He saved money so that he could buy a laptop. (Make it compound)

ক
ক) He saved money and could buy a laptop.
খ
খ) He saved money and he could buy a laptop.
গ
গ) He wanted to buy a laptop and so he saved money.
ঘ
ঘ) He wanted to buy a laptop and so he could save money.

ব্যাখ্যা

so that থাকলে Compound Sentence এ তিনটি কাজ করতে হয়। যথা-
(1) clause গুলোর অবস্থান উল্টে যাবে।
(2) ‘want to’ অতিরিক্ত যোগ হবে।
(3) ‘and so/ therefore’ Conjunction যোগ হবে।

১৬৬.

Transform into compound:
He prospered in life by working hard.

ক
He prospered in life and worked hard.
খ
He worked hard and prospered in life.
গ
He worked hard but prospered in life.
ঘ
He worked hard or prospered in life.

ব্যাখ্যা

কাজের গতি একই দিকে হলে Compound Sentence এ and ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
Compound Sentence এ অবশ্যই কাজের ধারাবাহিকতা অনুযায়ী Clause গুলো বসাতে হয়। Simple এবং Complex এ এটা Maintain না করলেও হয়। এ হিসেবে এখানে আগে কাজ, পরে উন্নতির কথা আসবে।
আর Compound Sentence এ উভয় Clause এ Subject একই হলে ২য় Clause এ Subject উল্লেখ করার প্রয়োজন নেই।

১৬৭.

Notwithstanding being a great musician, he never performs in public. (Make it compound)

ক
He is a great musician yet he never performs in public.
খ
He is a great musician yet he performs in public.
গ
He is a great musician but and he never performs in public.
ঘ
He is a great musician and yet he never performs in public.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Complex Sentence: Notwithstanding being a great musician, he never performs in public.
• Compound Sentence: He is a great musician yet he never performs in public.

• Notwithstanding = সত্ত্বেও
- In spite of/ despite/ notwithstanding এর পরিবর্তে Compound Sentence এ but/ yet বসে।
- প্রথমে subject + verb বসে,
- but/yet বসে।
- দুইটি clause এর subject একই হলে দ্বিতীয় clause টিতে subject বসাতে হয় না।

• অন্যভাবে বলা যায়,
i) Despite/ in spite of/ notwithstanding যুক্ত Phrase টাকে Clause বানিয়ে বাক্যের শুরুতে বসাতে হবে।
- এ Clause টা বসানোর সময় অন্য Clause টার Tense কে অনুসরণ করতে হবে।
- অন্য Clause টা Past Tense হলে এটাও Past Tense হবে।
ii) মাঝখানে Conjunction- but/yet বসবে।
iii) অন্য Clause টা বসবে।

More Examples:
• Complex Sentence: Notwithstanding being a famous actor, he prefers a quiet life.
• Compound Sentence: He is a famous actor yet he prefers a quiet life.

১৬৮.

If you don’t study, you will fail. (make it compound)

ক
Study and you will fail.
খ
Study or you will fail.
গ
Study but you will fail.
ঘ
Without studying you will fail.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Complex Sentence: If you don’t study, you will fail.
• Compound Sentence: Study or you will fail.

• Complex Sentence: If you run fast, you can win the prize.
• Compound Sentence: Run fast and you can win the prize.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৬৯.

As soon as the rain started, we grabbed our umbrellas. (Make it Compound)

ক
The rain started and we grabbed our umbrellas.
খ
The rain started and at the very moment we grabbed our umbrellas.
গ
The rain started and than we grabbed our umbrellas.
ঘ
The rain started and when we grabbed our umbrellas.

ব্যাখ্যা

• As soon as যুক্ত Complex Sentence কে Compound Sentence পরিণত করার নিয়ম -
- As soon as বাদ যায়
- এবং প্রথম clause টি বসে
- এরপর and + at that very moment বসে (ঠিক ঐ মূহুর্তে অর্থে)
- দ্বিতীয় clause টি বসে।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - The rain started and at the very moment we grabbed our umbrellas.

১৭০.

The show being over, the audience went home. (Make it compound)

ক
The show was over but the audience went home.
খ
The audience went home because the show was over.
গ
The audience went home and the show was over.
ঘ
The show was over and the audience went home.

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: The show was over and the audience went home.

• Being যুক্ত Simple Sentence কে Compound sentence কে রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Being এর বাকী অংশে যে tense আছে being কেও সেই Tense এ গঠন করতে হবে।
- Sentence দুটির মাঝে And বসে।
- being যুক্ত বাক্যে subject না থাকলে একই subject টি 'being' অংশের প্রথমে বসে।

• Simple Sentence: The show being over, the audience went home.
• Compound Sentence: The show was over and the audience went home.

Other Options:
ক) The show was over but the audience went home.
- ভুল, কারণ এখানে but ব্যবহার করলে contrast বোঝায়, অথচ মূল বাক্যে কোনো contrast নেই।

খ) The audience went home because the show was over.
- এটি complex sentence কারণ এখানে cause বোঝাতে “because” ব্যবহার হয়েছে।

গ) The audience went home and the show was over.
- কারণ মূল বাক্যের ক্রম পাল্টে গেছে, অর্থ অস্পষ্ট।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৭১.

Besides being a hard-working day-labourer, he is a student of Dhaka University. (Make it Compound)

ক
ক) Not only he is a hard-working day-labourer but also a student of Dhaka University.
খ
খ) He is not only a hard-working day-labourer but also a student of Dhaka University.
গ
গ) He is a hard-working day-labourer but he is a student of Dhaka University.
ঘ
ঘ) He is a hard-working day-labourer and not only that he is a student of Dhaka University.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Simple sentence এ “besides being” থাকলে compound sentence এ “not only..….but also” structure ব্যবহার করে compound sentence টি গঠন করতে হয়।
- সুতরাং সঠিক বাক্যটি হবে - He is not only a hard-working day-labourer but also a student of Dhaka University.

১৭২.

Having read the letter, she burst into tears. [Compound]

ক
She read the letter and so burst into tears.
খ
She had read the letter then burst into tears.
গ
She had read the letter to burst into tears.
ঘ
She had read the letter and burst into tears.

ব্যাখ্যা

Simple: Having forgotten him, I went out.
Compound: I had forgotten him and went out.

Simple Sentence: Having prepared the meal, she set the table.
Compound Sentence: She had prepared the meal and set the table.

Simple: Having read the letter, she burst into tears.
Compound: She had read the letter and burst into tears.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৭৩.

Since the writer was young, he could not refuse the proposal of the lady guest. (Compound)

ক
The writer was young but could not refuse the proposal of the lady guest.
খ
The writer was young and could not refuse the proposal of the lady guest.
গ
As the writer was young and could not refuse the proposal of the lady guest.
ঘ
The writer was young, could not refuse the proposal of the lady guest.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Complex to compound:

- Since/as/ when উঠে যায়,
- দুটি clause এর মাঝে and বসে,
- আর সব ঠিক থাকে।

Complex: Since the writer was young, he could not refuse the proposal of the lady guest.
Compound: The writer was young and could not refuse the proposal of the lady guest.

Source: Advanced Learners by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৭৪.

They are strong but they have been defeated. (Make it simple)

ক
ক) In spite of their strength, they have been defeated.
খ
খ) Despite of their strength, they have been defeated.
গ
গ) Though their strength, they have been defeated.
ঘ
ঘ) Though of their strength, they have been defeated.

ব্যাখ্যা

But যুক্ত Compound sentence কে Simple sentence এ রূপান্তর:
- শুরুতে in spite of/despite বসে।
- person অনুযায়ী possessive form যেমন: my/his/her বসে।
- প্রথম clause এর adjective এর noun form + দ্বিতীয় clause ব্যবহার করা হয়।

Example:
Compound: They are strong but they have been defeated.
Simple: In spite of their strength, they have been defeated.

Compound: He is rich but he is unhappy.
Simple: In spite of his riches he is unhappy.

Compound: He was ill, but he came for rehearsal.
Simple: In spite of his illness, he came for rehearsal

১৭৫.

What type of sentence is the following sentence?
He is not only rich but also generous.

ক
Simple Sentence
খ
Complex Sentence
গ
Compound Sentence
ঘ
Interrogative Sentence.

ব্যাখ্যা

- যে বাক্যে একাধিক Principal Clause 'Coordinating Conjunction' দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে তাকে Compound Sentence বলে।

এই বাক্যে দুটি independent Principal clauses আছে:

Clause 1: He is rich.
Clause 2: He is generous.

এই দুটি independent clause কে Coordinating Conjunction: "not only ... but also" দিয়ে যুক্ত করা হয়েছে। তাই এটি একটি compound sentence.

Compound Sentence গঠনের শর্ত হচ্ছে-
- বাক্যে একের অধিক Principal Clause থাকবে।
- বাক্যে এক বা একাধিক Coordinating Conjunction থাকবে।

- and, or, but, both, fewer than, neither, and, not only.... but also, no less than, neither... nor, either... or, otherwise, still, yet, else, nevertheless, on the contrary, only, so, therefore, consequently, for- ইত্যাদি Coordinating Conjunction দ্বারা Compound Sentence গঠিত হয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language S. M. Zakir Hussain.

১৭৬.

"Sink or swim." is a -

ক
Complex sentence
খ
Compound sentence
গ
Simple sentence
ঘ
None of the above

ব্যাখ্যা

• "Sink or swim." is a - Compound sentence.
→ Sink or swim. - এই sentence টিতে 'or' দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত আছে, তাই এটি Compound Sentence.

• Compound sentence:
→ Compound sentence- এ একের অধিক principal clause থাকে, যাদেরকে co-ordinate clause বলা হয়।
→ অর্থাৎ, Compound sentence- এ দুই বা ততোধিক principal clause বা co-ordinate clause থাকে।
→ এছাড়া, Compound sentence এ সাধারণত and, or, but, yet, so, therefore, otherwise, else, both --- and , either --- or, neither — nor, not only --- but also ইত্যাদি coordinating conjunction দ্বারা দুইটি principal clause যুক্ত থাকে।

১৭৭.

Read attentively to make a good result. (Compound)

ক
You read attentively or make a good result.
খ
Read attentively for making a good result.
গ
Read attentively and you will make a good result.
ঘ
Read attentively and you can make a good result.

ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is - গ) Read attentively and you will make a good result.

Simple Sentence-এ যদি to + verb (যেমন: to succeed, to pass, to win ইত্যাদি) কোনো উদ্দেশ্য (purpose) প্রকাশ করে, অথবা যদি in order to ব্যবহৃত হয়, তাহলে এই বাক্যটিকে Compound Sentence-এ রূপান্তর করার সময় নিচের নিয়ম অনুসরণ করতে হয়:
- to + verb থাকলে, "to" বাদ দিতে হবে এবং বাক্যটির পূর্বের অংশটিকে Imperative Sentence (আদেশমূলক বাক্য) হিসেবে রূপান্তর করতে হবে।
- এরপর "and (you will)" বসিয়ে বাক্যের দ্বিতীয় অংশটি যুক্ত করতে হবে।
- in order to + verb থাকলে, “in order to”-র জায়গায় “and (you will)” বসাতে হবে।

• Examples:
Simple: You must work hard in order to succeed.
Compound: Work hard and you will succeed.

Simple: Do it in order to get money.
Compound: Do it and (you will) get money.

Simple: Study hard in order to pass the exam.
Compound: Study hard and (you will) pass the exam.

Other options
ক) You read attentively or make a good result.
"or" দিলে অর্থ হয় "পড়ো নয়তো ভালো ফল করো", যা বিপরীত ও ভুল।

খ) Read attentively for making a good result.
এটি complex বা simple sentence, compound নয়।

ঘ) Read attentively and you can make a good result.
"can" সম্ভাবনা বোঝায়, কিন্তু মূল বাক্যে নিশ্চিত ফলাফল বোঝানো হয়েছে, তাই "will" সঠিক।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

১৭৮.

The traveller took a cabin that was comfortable. (make it compound)

ক
ক) The traveller take a cabin and it was comfortable.
খ
খ) The traveller took a cabin but it is comfortable.
গ
গ) The traveller took a cabin and it is comfortable.
ঘ
ঘ) The traveller took a cabin and it was comfortable.

ব্যাখ্যা

• উক্ত বাক্যটি past indefinite ও complex sentence.
- Relative Pronoun যুক্ত complex sentence কে compound sentence করতে হলে
- Relative pronoun এর পরিবর্তে and বসে এবং প্রথম sentence এর object টি subject হবে।
যেমন:
Complex: The traveller took a cabin that was comfortable.
Compound: The traveller took a cabin and it was comfortable.

১৭৯.

Unless you follow the rules, you will get into trouble. [Compound]

ক
You will get into trouble and not follow the rules.
খ
You will get into trouble if not follow the rules.
গ
Follow the rules or so you will get into trouble.
ঘ
Follow the rules or you will get into trouble.

ব্যাখ্যা

Complex: Unless you follow the rules, you will get into trouble.
Compound: Follow the rules or you will get into trouble.

• Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “Unless” ও এর পরে second person (you) থাকলে, Compound sentence- এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Unless ও you উঠে যাবে।
- দুই clause এর মাঝে ”or” বসে।
- অন্য কোনো পরিবর্তন হবে না।

Example:
Complex: Unless you watch closely, you will miss the scenario.
Compound: Watch closely or you will miss the scenario.

১৮০.

Taseen left his homeland to gain a prosperous life. ( Make it compound)

ক
Taseen left his homeland and gained a prosperous life.
খ
Taseen left his homeland so that he could gain a prosperous life.
গ
Taseen wanted to gain a prosperous life and so he left his homeland.
ঘ
Taseen wants to gain a prosperous life and so he left his homeland.

ব্যাখ্যা

• To + Verb যুক্ত Simple Sentence কে Compound করতে হলে-
- Clause উল্টে প্রথম অংশ শেষে এবং শেষের অংশ প্রথমে আসে এবং প্রথম অংশে Tense অনুযায়ী want/ wanted যোগ হয়।
- আর মূল বাক্যটি যেহেতু past tense এ আছে তাই compound sentence এর বাক্যটিও past form এ হতে হবে।

• সে অনুসারে সঠিক compound form হবে Taseen wanted to gain a prosperous life and so he left his homeland.

Source: Advanced Learner’s by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৮১.

If you do not run, you will miss the train. (compound)

ক
Run or you will miss the train.
খ
Unless you run, you will miss the train.
গ
Without running, you will miss the train.
ঘ
You will miss the train because you do not run.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Complex Sentence: If you do not run, you will miss the train.
- Compound Sentence: Run or you will miss the train.

• If যুক্ত Complex sentence টি যদি Negative অর্থবোধক হয়, তবে Compound Sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- If থেকে not পর্যন্ত উঠে যাবে।
- not এরপর থেকে কমার আগ পর্যন্ত বাকি অংশটি বসে।
- or বসে।
- বাকি Clause টি বসে।

More example:
- Complex Sentence: If you do not move, you will die.
- Compound Sentence: Move or you will die.

• Note:
- তবে sentence টি যদি Affirmative Sentence হয় তাহলে or এর পরিবর্তে and বসে।
- বাকি সব উপরের rule এর মতোই ঠিক থাকবে।

• Complex Sentence: If you run fast, you can win the prize.
• Compound Sentence: Run fast and you can win the prize.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৮২.

He ran fast to catch the bus. [Compound]

ক
He wanted to catch the bus and so he ran fast.
খ
He wanted to catch the bus and then he ran fast.
গ
He wanted to catch the bus so then he ran fast.
ঘ
He wanted to catch the bus and so therefore he ran fast.

ব্যাখ্যা

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী

Simple: They left early to avoid traffic.
Compound: They wanted to avoid traffic and so they left early.

Simple: He ran fast to catch the bus.
Compound: He wanted to catch the bus and so he ran fast.

Other options,

খ) He wanted to catch the bus and then he ran fast.
- “and then” → কেবল ক্রম দেখাচ্ছে, কারণ বোঝাচ্ছে না।

গ) He wanted to catch the bus so he ran fast.
- “so then” একসাথে ব্যবহার ভুল।

ঘ) He wanted to catch the bus and so therefore he ran fast.
- “and so therefore” → redundant, ইংরেজিতে ব্যবহার ঠিক নয়।

১৮৩.

She is very skilled and can solve complex problems. (Make it simple)

ক
She is very skilled to solve complex problems.
খ
She is too skilled at solving complex problems.
গ
She is very skilled at solving complex problems.
ঘ
She is skilled enough to solve complex problems.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Very...and যুক্ত compound sentence কে simple sentence এ পরিণত করতে হলে,
- Simple এ very এর স্থলে too/enough এবং and এর স্থলে to বসিয়ে simple করতে হয়।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Compound sentence: She is very skilled and can solve complex problems.
Simple Sentence: She is skilled enough to solve complex problems.

• বি:দ্র: • Adjective/Adverb + enough হয় ।

১৮৪.

Though he tried to pray, he could not get rid of the curse. (Make it compound)

ক
ক) He tried to pray and could not get rid of the curse.
খ
খ) He tried to pray but could not get rid of the curse.
গ
গ) He could not get rid of the curse so he tried to pray.
ঘ
ঘ) None

ব্যাখ্যা

সঠিক উত্তরটি হচ্ছে: He tried to pray but could not get rid of the curse.
- প্রদত্ত sentence টি complex sentence.
- Though/although যুক্ত complex sentence কে compound sentence এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম : Though/although উঠে যায় + ১ম clause টি বসে + but + ২য় clause বসে।

Source : Applied English Grammar and Composition by P. C. Das.

১৮৫.

‘Do it or you will be punished.' This is a-

ক
compound sentence
খ
complex sentence
গ
simple sentence
ঘ
interrogative sentence

ব্যাখ্যা

ব্যাখ্যা: এটি একটি compound sentence কারণ এখানে দুটি Independent Clause যুক্ত হয়েছে or শব্দটি দ্বারা।
Source: Applied English Grammar and Composition by P C Das

১৮৬.

If you don’t study attentively, how can you expect to make a good result? (Make it compound)

ক
ক) Don’t study attentively and how can you expect to make a good result?
খ
খ) Study not attentively and how can you expect to make a good result?
গ
গ) You don’t study attentively and how can you expect to make a good result?
ঘ
ঘ) Study attentively or how can you expect to make a good result?

ব্যাখ্যা

Complex Sentence এ If থাকলে Compound Sentence এ If যুক্ত Clause টি Imperative Sentence হয়ে বসে।
If যুক্ত Clause- Affirmative বা Negative যাই হোক না কেন, If যুক্ত Clause টি Affirmative Imperative হয়ে বসে।
তবে If যুক্ত Clause- Affirmative হলে, দুই Clause এর মাঝখানে and বসে, আর Negative হলে দুই Clause এর মাঝখানে or বসে।
এখানে If + Negative Clause থাকায়, মাঝখানে or বসবে।

১৮৭.

"Listen carefully during the briefing, else you could misunderstand the project requirements." This is a-

ক
Compound Sentence
খ
Complex Sentence
গ
Simple Sentence
ঘ
Interrogative Sentence

ব্যাখ্যা

"Listen carefully during the briefing, else you could misunderstand the project requirements." This is a- Compound Sentence.

Compound Sentence:
- যে বাক্যে একাধিক Principal Clause 'Coordinating Conjunction' দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে তাকে Compound Sentence বলে।
Compound Sentence গঠনের শর্ত হচ্ছে-
- বাক্যে একের অধিক Principal Clause থাকবে।
- বাক্যে এক বা একাধিক Coordinating Conjunction থাকবে।

- and, or, but, both, fewer than, neither, and, not only.... but also, no less than, neither... nor, either... or, otherwise, still, yet, else, nevertheless, on the contrary, while, whereas, only, so, therefore, consequently, for- ইত্যাদি Coordinating Conjunction দ্বারা Compound Sentence গঠিত হয়।

→ "Listen carefully during the briefing, else you could misunderstand the project requirements."
- বাক্যটিতে 'else' Coordinating Conjunction রয়েছে এবং দুইটি Prinipal Sentence কে 'else' Coordinating Conjunction দ্বারা যুক্ত করা হয়েছে। তাই, বাক্যটি একটি Compound Sentence.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S. M. Zakir Hussain.

১৮৮.

Which one is a compound sentence?

ক
ক) Read more, without it you can not learn properly.
খ
খ) Read more to learn properly.
গ
গ) Without reading more, you will not learn properly.
ঘ
ঘ) Read more or you will not learn properly.

ব্যাখ্যা

A compound sentence is a sentence that connects two independent clauses, typically with a coordinating conjunction like and or but.
They’re best for combining two or more self-sufficient and related sentences into a single, unified one.

১৮৯.

Though he tried to play, he could not get rid of the cruse. (make it compound)

ক
He tried to pray and could not get rid of the curse.
খ
He tried to pray and can't get rid of the curse.
গ
He tried to pray but could not get rid of the curse.
ঘ
He tried to pray or could not get rid of the curse.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Though/ although যুক্ত Complex Sentence কে Compound Sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Though/ although উঠে যায়।
- ১ম Clause টি বসে।
- But বসে।
- ২য় Clause টি বসে।

Complex Sentence: Though he tried to play, he could not get rid of the cruse.
Compound Sentence: He tried to pray but could not get rid of the curse.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৯০.

Unless you do as I tell you, you will regret it. (Make it compound)

ক
ক) Do as I tell you unless you will regret it.
খ
খ) Do as I tell you or you will regret it.
গ
গ) Do as I tell you nor you will be regretful.
ঘ
ঘ) I will tell you otherwise you will be regret.

ব্যাখ্যা

Compound sentence একাধিক clause থাকে এবং এরা coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, also, thus, so, therefore, else, as well as ইত্যাদি) দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে।
গঠন ও অর্থগত দিক থেকে সঠিক Compound sentence হচ্ছে Do as I tell you or you will regret it.

১৯১.

Jakir is very much tired, so he cannot even stand up. What type of sentence is this?

ক
ক) Complex
খ
খ) Compound
গ
গ) Simple
ঘ
ঘ) Mixed

ব্যাখ্যা

যে বাক্যের মধ্যে দুটি Clause থাকে এবং Clause গুলো একটা Co-ordinate Conjunction দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে, তখন বাক্যটাকে Compound Sentence বলে।
এখানে বাক্যটার মধ্যে দুটি Clause আছে এবং Clause গুলো একটা Co-ordinate Conjunction ‘so’ দ্বারা যুক্ত আছে, বিধায় Sentence টা একটা Compound Sentence.

১৯২.

Inaaya worked hard and I rewarded her. (Make it complex)

ক
ক) Inaaya worked hard so that I rewarded her.
খ
খ) Inaaya worked hard so I worked rewarded her.
গ
গ) As Inaaya worked hard, i rewarded her.
ঘ
ঘ) Since Inaaya worked hard, so i rewarded her.

ব্যাখ্যা

• কারণ +And + ফলাফল = > As/ Since/ Because+ কারণ + ফলাফল
- অর্থাৎ, and যুক্ত compound sentence এর প্রথম clause টি যদি কারণ এবং এরপরের cluse টি ফলাফল নির্দেশ করে -
- তবে, As/ Since/ Because+ কারণ + ফলাফল এভাবে complex sentence এ পরিণত করতে হয়।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী - As Inaaya worked hard, i rewarded her - সঠিক বাক্য।

১৯৩.

Notwithstanding being a rookie, he won the championship. (Make it compound)

ক
He is a rookie despite he won the championship.
খ
He was a rookie even though he won the championship.
গ
He was a rookie yet he won the championship.
ঘ
He is a rookie even if he won the championship.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Notwithstanding - সত্ত্বেও।
- In spite of/ despite/ notwithstanding এর পরিবর্তে Compound Sentence এ but/ yet বসে।
- প্রথমে subject + verb বসে,
-এরপর but/yet বসে।
- দুইটি clause এর subject একই হলে দ্বিতীয় clause টিতে subject বসাতে হয় না।

• অন্যভাবে বলা যায়,
i) Despite/ in spite of/ notwithstanding যুক্ত Phrase টাকে Clause বানিয়ে বাক্যের শুরুতে বসাতে হবে।
- এ Clause টা বসানোর সময় অন্য Clause টার Tense কে অনুসরণ করতে হবে।
- অন্য Clause টা Past Tense হলে এটাও Past Tense হবে।
ii) মাঝখানে Conjunction- but/yet বসবে।
iii) অন্য Clause টা বসবে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী, He was a rookie yet he won the championship. - সঠিক উত্তর।

১৯৪.

Unless you work hard, you will not succeed. (Make it compound)

ক
Without working hard, you will not succeed.
খ
Work hard or you will not succeed.
গ
Work and you will not succeed.
ঘ
You work hard and will not succeed.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Unless you work hard, you will not succeed.
- প্রশ্নে প্রদত্ত এই sentence টি একটি Complex Sentence.
- Unless দ্বারা শর্ত বোঝায়, আর শর্তযুক্ত সকল sentence ই Complex Sentence.

• Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “Unless” ও এর পরে second person (you) থাকলে, সেটি Compound sentence -এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Unless এবং you উঠে যাবে।
- দুই clause এর মাঝে ”or” বসবে।
- অন্য কোনো পরিবর্তন হবে না, যেভাবে আছে সেভাবেই থাকবে।

• Complex sentence: Unless you work hard, you will not succeed.
• Compound sentence: Work hard or you will not succeed.

• More examples:
- Complex: Unless you practice regularly, you will not improve.
- Compound: Practice regularly, or you will not improve.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৯৫.

Jim and Della sacrificed their dearest possessions in order to buy nice Christmas presents for each other. (Make it compound)

ক
ক) Jim and Della sacrificed their dearest possessions and they buy nice Christmas presents for each other.
খ
খ) Jim and Della sacrificed their dearest possessions and they bought nice Christmas presents for each other.
গ
গ) Jim and Della wanted to buy nice Christmas presents for each other and so they sacrificed their dearest possessions.
ঘ
ঘ) Jim and Della want to buy nice Christmas presents for each other and so they sacrificed their dearest possessions.

ব্যাখ্যা

Simple sentence এ to অথবা in order to থাকলে Compound sentence এ and so/ and therefore বসাতে হয়।
এক্ষেত্রে Clause গুলো উল্টে যাবে এবং প্রথম Clause এ ‘want to’ যোগ হবে।

১৯৬.

Be attentive or you cannot pass the exam. (Make it complex)

ক
ক) If you are attentive, you cannot fail in the exam.
খ
খ) Be attentive so that you cannot pass the exam.
গ
গ) If you don’t be attentive, you cannot pass the exam.
ঘ
ঘ) When you are not attentive, you cannot pass the exam.

ব্যাখ্যা

Compound Sentence এর প্রথম অংশ Imperative হলে, Complex Sentence এ If যোগ হয়। or থাকলে If Clause টি Negative হয় আর and থাকলে Affirmative হয়।

১৯৭.

He is rich but he is honest. It is an example of -

ক
ক) Complex sentence
খ
খ) Simple sentence
গ
গ) Compound sentence
ঘ
ঘ) Exclamatory sentence

ব্যাখ্যা

Compound Sentence: যদি কোন Sentence এ একাধিক Principal clause and, but, or, yet, and so, therefore ইত্যাদি Coordinating Conjunction দ্বারা যুক্ত হয় তাকে Compound Sentence বলে।
যেমন-
- Learn English and get a good job.
- He is rich but he is honest.

১৯৮.

He fought bravely in order that he could free his people. (make it compound)

ক
ক) He fought bravely and could free his people.
খ
খ) He fought bravely and freed his people.
গ
গ) He fought bravely so he could free his people.
ঘ
ঘ) He wanted to free his people and so he fought bravely.

ব্যাখ্যা

So that/in order that থাকলে Compound Sentence এ তিনটি কাজ করতে হয়। যথা-
(1) Clause গুলোর অবস্থান উল্টে যাবে।
(2) ‘want to’ অতিরিক্ত যোগ হবে।
(3) ‘and so/ therefore’ Conjunction যোগ হবে।

১৯৯.

Scarcely had she arrived home when the phone rang. (Make it compound)

ক
She had arrived home then the phone rang.
খ
She arrived home and the phone had rang.
গ
She had arrived home and the phone rangs.
ঘ
She arrived home and the phone rang at once.

ব্যাখ্যা

Complex Sentence: Scarcely had she arrived home when the phone rang.
Compound Sentence: She arrived home and the phone rang at once.

• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত sentence-টি হচ্ছে Complex Sentence.
- Complex sentence এর একটি clause যদি as soon as, no sooner had, hardly had, scarcely had দিয়ে শুরু হয় তাহলে তাকে Compound এ রূপান্তরিত করতে হলে তার বিপরীত clause- এর শেষে at once এবং দুটি clause- এর মাঝে 'and' বসাতে হয়।

২০০.

Choose the compound sentence of:
"Unless you hurry, you will miss the bus."

ক
Hurry or you will miss the bus.
খ
You must hurry and catch the bus.
গ
If you don’t hurry, the bus will miss you.
ঘ
You may miss the bus because you are late.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: ক) Hurry or you will miss the bus.

- "Unless you hurry, you will miss the bus."
- The original sentence is complex with the conditional clause introduced by "Unless" (meaning "if not").
- Compound sentence করতে, "unless" বাদ দিয়ে coordinating conjunction "or" দিয়ে দুটি independent clauses যুক্ত করা হয়।

- Complex: "Unless you hurry, you will miss the bus."
- Compound: "Hurry or you will miss the bus."

• Other options:
খ) You must hurry and catch the bus. - নির্দেশমূলক বাক্য, কিন্তু compound নয়।

গ) If you don’t hurry, the bus will miss you. - অর্থ পরিবর্তন হয়েছে, ভুল।

ঘ) You may miss the bus because you are late. - কারণ-ফল সম্পর্ক, compound নয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.