৩০১.
Which information is found from marrow biopsy?
PrepBank · বিষয়ভিত্তিক প্রশ্ন
Physiology
Physiology
PrepBank · পাতা ৪ / ৯ · ৩০১–৪০০ / ৮৮৮
৩০২.
Diurnal variantion in melatonin is due to
৩০৩.
Endocrine secretion of pineal gland
ব্যাখ্যা
Melatonin is secreted from pineal gland
৩০৪.
Chronic hyponatremia shows -----% mortatility
ব্যাখ্যা
ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P:319
৩০৫.
Amino acid required for thyroid hormone synthesis
৩০৬.
Failure of a testes to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum is termed as.......?
ব্যাখ্যা
Another name is undescend testes
৩০৭.
Life saving horomone
৩০৮.
Mismatch regarding lab finding of respiratory alkalosis
ব্যাখ্যা
ABC biochem 7th -401
৩০৯.
Agglutinogens are present in
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Agglutinogens are present on RBC membrane & agglutinins are present on serum.
Agglutinogens are present on RBC membrane & agglutinins are present on serum.
৩১০.
Sertoli cell doesnt secrete
৩১১.
sperm
ব্যাখ্যা
GLUT 5
Fructose transport
Jejunum, sperm, intesti
Fructose transport
Jejunum, sperm, intesti
৩১২.
You read a report which was handwritten in a patient's medical notes who you suspect has inflammatory bowel disease. The report reads, '... there is cobblestoning of the terminal ileum with the appearance of rose thorn ulcers. These findings are suggestive of Crohn's disease. Select the most likely investigation that this report was derived from:
ব্যাখ্যা
The appearance of 'cobblestoning' and 'rose thorn ulcers' are radiological descriptions, seen in Crohn's disease, obtained from barium follow- through investigations of the ileum. Lower GI endoscopy is preferred in establishing a diagnosis of IBD (either Crohn's or UC) because the operator is allowed direct visualization of the bowel and biopsies may be taken; skip lesions can be seen on direct visualization but the appearance of 'rose thorn ulcers' have only been described in barium radiograpy studies.
৩১৩.
Most prevalent plasma protein
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations: Albumin constitutes 55-65% of total plasma protein.
৩১৪.
Which promotes deposition of calcium in the bone?
৩১৫.
Ventricular depolarisation in ECG is represented by
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
Atrial depolarization: represented by the 'P' wave
• Atrial repolarization: none
• Ventricular depolarization: represented by the QRS' complex
• Ventricular repolarization: represented by the T' wave
৩১৬.
Which of the following ECG interval corresponds to Ventricular action potential
৩১৭.
Which is not a deficiency feature of FA
৩১৮.
The main respiratory control neurons
ব্যাখ্যা
কোন ব্যাখ্যা যোগ হয় নি।
৩১৯.
Which stimulates testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells of testes?
৩২০.
No of Nerve Fibres served by Cell in Peripheral Nerve
ব্যাখ্যা
1 Nerve Fibres served by Cell in Peripheral Nerve
Snell 8th - Table 3.1 - 78
The peripheral nervous system refers to the parts of the nervous system that are outside the central nervous system, that is, those outside the brain and spinal cord.
Thus, the peripheral nervous system includes
The nerves that connect the head, face, eyes, nose, muscles, and ears to the brain (cranial nerves)
The nerves that connect the spinal cord to the rest of the body, including the 31 pairs of spinal nerves
More than 100 billion nerve cells that run throughout the body
Snell 8th - Table 3.1 - 78
The peripheral nervous system refers to the parts of the nervous system that are outside the central nervous system, that is, those outside the brain and spinal cord.
Thus, the peripheral nervous system includes
The nerves that connect the head, face, eyes, nose, muscles, and ears to the brain (cranial nerves)
The nerves that connect the spinal cord to the rest of the body, including the 31 pairs of spinal nerves
More than 100 billion nerve cells that run throughout the body
৩২১.
DU suppresion test done in deficiency in
৩২২.
1st line investigation of Pulmonary embolism
ব্যাখ্যা
Davidson 24th
৩২৩.
CO2 stimuli affecting respiratory center
ব্যাখ্যা
[Ganong 24th p-659]
৩২৪.
Which part of renal tubule is never permeable to NaCl?
৩২৫.
Excess GH secretion during childhood may result in
ব্যাখ্যা
|
Hormone |
Excess |
Deficient |
|
GH |
Gigantism |
Dwarfism |
|
Acromegaly |
||
|
ADH |
SIADH |
DI |
৩২৬.
Net filtration pressure ___mm Hg
ব্যাখ্যা
10 mmHg net filtration pressure cause filtration in the glomerulus.
৩২৭.
In Red nucleus lesion which of the CN may be involved
৩২৮.
Conditions with raised ESR:
ব্যাখ্যা
Conditions with increased ESR
Physiological
1.Menstruation
2. Pregnancy
3. High atmospheric pressure
B. Pathological
1.Multiple myeloma
2. Malignancy
3. MI
4. Acute rheumatic fever
5. Rheumatoid arthritis
6. SLE
7. Tuberculosis
8. Severe anemia
9. Hemorrhage
Physiological
1.Menstruation
2. Pregnancy
3. High atmospheric pressure
B. Pathological
1.Multiple myeloma
2. Malignancy
3. MI
4. Acute rheumatic fever
5. Rheumatoid arthritis
6. SLE
7. Tuberculosis
8. Severe anemia
9. Hemorrhage
৩২৯.
Nonmembranous organelle:
৩৩০.
Locked in syndrome found in which artery stroke
৩৩১.
Synthesis of plasma protein from liver except:
৩৩২.
What is the value of renal plasma flow (ml/min)?
৩৩৩.
Aldosterone is derived from
৩৩৪.
About what % of human body is fluid?
ব্যাখ্যা
60% of TBW is fluid where 40% is ICF & 20 is ECF
৩৩৫.
Mononuclear leukocyte
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Monocyte & lymphocyte are mononuclear leukocytes.
Monocyte & lymphocyte are mononuclear leukocytes.
৩৩৬.
Regarding Primary Polydipsia which is incorrect
ব্যাখ্যা
ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P:318
৩৩৭.
Acute Kidney Failure After Transfusion Reactions
ব্যাখ্যা
Acute Kidney Failure After Transfusion Reactions
One of the most lethal effects of transfusion reactions is kidney failure, which can begin within a few minutes to a few hours and continue until the person dies of acute renal failure.
The kidney shutdown seems to have three causes:
1. The antigen-antibody reaction of the transfusion reaction releases toxic substances from the hemolyzing blood that cause powerful renal vasoconstriction
2. Loss of circulating RBCs in the recipient, along with production of toxic substances from the hemolyzed cells and the immune reaction, often. cause circulatory shock. The arterial blood pressure falls very low, and renal blood flow and urine output decrease.
3. If the total amount of free hemoglobin released into the circulating blood is greater than the quantity that can bind with haptoglobin (a plasma protein that binds small amounts of hemoglobin), much of the excess leaks through the glomerular membranes into the kidney tubules.
One of the most lethal effects of transfusion reactions is kidney failure, which can begin within a few minutes to a few hours and continue until the person dies of acute renal failure.
The kidney shutdown seems to have three causes:
1. The antigen-antibody reaction of the transfusion reaction releases toxic substances from the hemolyzing blood that cause powerful renal vasoconstriction
2. Loss of circulating RBCs in the recipient, along with production of toxic substances from the hemolyzed cells and the immune reaction, often. cause circulatory shock. The arterial blood pressure falls very low, and renal blood flow and urine output decrease.
3. If the total amount of free hemoglobin released into the circulating blood is greater than the quantity that can bind with haptoglobin (a plasma protein that binds small amounts of hemoglobin), much of the excess leaks through the glomerular membranes into the kidney tubules.
৩৩৮.
False regarding Adrenal Tumor
৩৩৯.
Which of the following decreases the conversion of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol?
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation-
★Ca2+ deficiency (low Ca2+ diet or hypocalcemia) activates 1α-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the conversion of vitamin D to its active form, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) and hypophosphatemia also stimulate the enzyme. Chronic renal failure is associated with a constellation of bone diseases, including osteomalacia caused by failure of the diseased renal tissue to produce the active form of vitamin D.
Reference-Vision physiology/9th/P-366/Fig-10.36 & BRS physiology/6th/P-254/Fig-7.14
★Ca2+ deficiency (low Ca2+ diet or hypocalcemia) activates 1α-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the conversion of vitamin D to its active form, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) and hypophosphatemia also stimulate the enzyme. Chronic renal failure is associated with a constellation of bone diseases, including osteomalacia caused by failure of the diseased renal tissue to produce the active form of vitamin D.
Reference-Vision physiology/9th/P-366/Fig-10.36 & BRS physiology/6th/P-254/Fig-7.14
৩৪০.
Essential blood clotting factor excludes:
ব্যাখ্যা
1st four are essential
৩৪১.
Primary clotting factor excludes
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations: 1st four clotting factors are regarded as primary clotting factors.
৩৪২.
Which of the followings play important role in blood-brain barrier formation?
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation : Fibrous type of astrocytes play an important role in the formation of blood-brain barrier by sending processes to the blood vessels of brain, particularly the capillaries, forming tight junction with capillary membrane. Tight junction in turn forms the blood-brain barrier.
Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Page- 773, 774)
Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Page- 773, 774)
৩৪৩.
Which is not a biochemical defect in RTA
ব্যাখ্যা
ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P: 373
৩৪৪.
Hemophilia B (Christmas disease) produce due to factor __ deficiency
ব্যাখ্যা
[Ganong 24th p-569]
৩৪৫.
In respiratory acidosis,renal compensation is not done by
ব্যাখ্যা
ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P: 382
৩৪৬.
Regarding Na+-K+ pump;
৩৪৭.
Degmacytes is found in
৩৪৮.
Steps of blood coagulation excludes;
৩৪৯.
Regarding work of breathing,highst % of work done by
ব্যাখ্যা
Elastic work 65%
Ganong 26,Page 620
Ganong 26,Page 620
৩৫০.
Arnold Chiari Phenomen is best diagnosed by
ব্যাখ্যা
Diagnosis requires patient history, neurological examination and medical imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging is considered the best imaging modality for Chiari malformation
Diagnosis of Chiari type II malformation can be made prenatally through ultrasound (J Neurosurg Pediatr 2015;16:159)
Magnetic resonance imaging is considered the best imaging modality for Chiari malformation
Diagnosis of Chiari type II malformation can be made prenatally through ultrasound (J Neurosurg Pediatr 2015;16:159)
৩৫১.
Which of the following would occur as a result of the inhibition of Na+,K+-ATPase?
ব্যাখ্যা
Inhibition of Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) leads to an increase in intracellular Na+ concentration. Increased intracellular Na+ concentration decreases the Na+ gradient across the cell membrane, thereby inhibiting Na+–Ca2+ exchange and causing an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Increased intracellular Na+ concentration also inhibits Na+–glucose cotransport.
৩৫২.
Not a Function of glucagon
৩৫৩.
Which one is antidiabetogenic hormone?
ব্যাখ্যা
All other are diabetogenic
৩৫৪.
Neurotoxic Phenotype of astrocyte
ব্যাখ্যা
Astrocyte phenotypes A1: Neurotoxic
Provide nutrition and energy metabolites to neurons A2: Neuroprotective
Provide nutrition and energy metabolites to neurons A2: Neuroprotective
৩৫৫.
Which is not a Criteria of a substance, the plasma clearance of which is used for measurement of GFR are
ব্যাখ্যা
Criteria of a substance, the plasma clearance of which is used for measurement of GFR are:
a) Freely filtered (not albumin bound),
b) Neither reabsorbed nor secreted by tubules
c) Not metabolized or produced by kidney
d) Non toxic
a) Freely filtered (not albumin bound),
b) Neither reabsorbed nor secreted by tubules
c) Not metabolized or produced by kidney
d) Non toxic
৩৫৬.
Which is the open end buffer system of our body
ব্যাখ্যা
ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P: 349
৩৫৭.
Stimulatant of insulin secretion
৩৫৮.
Biot breathing is found in
৩৫৯.
Calculate EF % when SV 70 ml ,ESV 120 ml,EDV 50 ml , HR 76 bpm
৩৬০.
Viscosity is decreased in
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
Viscosity is increased in
• Polycythaemia Hereditary
• Spherocytosis
• Excess immunoglobulins in blood
Viscosity is decreased in
• Severe anaemia
৩৬১.
Non-REM sleep
৩৬২.
Which of the following opening is not situated in greater wing of sphenoid?
ব্যাখ্যা
There are three foramina present in the greater wing -
a.the foramen rotundum,
b. foramen ovale
c. foramen spinosum.
They conduct the maxillary nerve, mandibular nerve and middle meningeal vessels respectively.
a.the foramen rotundum,
b. foramen ovale
c. foramen spinosum.
They conduct the maxillary nerve, mandibular nerve and middle meningeal vessels respectively.
৩৬৩.
The inability to perform rapidly alternating movement is associated with lesions of the-
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation : Coordination of movement (synergy) is the function of the cerebellum. Lesions of the cerebellum cause ataxia, lack of coordination, poor execution of movement, delay in initiation of movement, and inability to perform rapidly alternating movements. The premotor and motor cortices plan and execute movements. Lesions of the substantia nigra, a component of the basal ganglia, result in tremors, lead-pipe rigidity, and poor muscle tone (Parkinson disease).
Ref : BRS Physiology 7th edition
Ref : BRS Physiology 7th edition
৩৬৪.
Direct method of measurement of cardiac output
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
Measurement of cardiac output
Cardiac output can be measured using either of the following techniques:
• Direct method: Fick method
• Indirect method: Indicator / dye dilution method
• Doppler echocardiography
৩৬৫.
Non-Lethal value of body pH
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Normal pH value is 7.4 and lethal values only about 0.5 on either side of normal.
Normal pH value is 7.4 and lethal values only about 0.5 on either side of normal.
৩৬৬.
The ultimate goal of respiration is to maintain proper concentrations of the following in the tissues except?
ব্যাখ্যা
The ultimate goal of respiration is to maintain proper concentrations of O2, CO2 & H+
৩৬৭.
During erythropoeisis necleuolus disappear in
৩৬৮.
Highest cardiac output occurs in
৩৬৯.
Interstitial fluid is an ultrafiltrate of
ব্যাখ্যা
Interstitial fluid is three-fourths of the ECF. Thus, it is one-fourth of TBW. The composition of interstitial fluid is the same as that of plasma except that it has little protein. Thus, interstitial fluid is an ultrafiltrate of plasma.
৩৭০.
Amino acid required for thyroid hormone synthesis
৩৭১.
Primary function of the basal ganglia is-?
ব্যাখ্যা
Basal ganglia is concerned with planning of voluntary movement.
৩৭২.
Catecholamines excludes
ব্যাখ্যা
Other three are catecholamines only.
৩৭৩.
Common unmeasured anion in plasma is _________________meq/L
ব্যাখ্যা
ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P: 366
৩৭৪.
Which of the following has zero protein content
৩৭৫.
Only insulin dependent
৩৭৬.
Processing, packaging, labelling & delivery of proteins & lipids
৩৭৭.
Antacid is
৩৭৮.
parasomnias are
ব্যাখ্যা
Sleepwalking (somnambulism), bed-wetting (nocturnal enuresis), and night terrors are referred to as parasomnias, which are sleep disorders associated with arousal from non-REM and REM sleep. Episodes of sleepwalking are more common in children than in adults and occur predominantly in males. They may last several minutes.
Somnambulists walk with their eyes open and avoid obstacles, but when awakened they cannot recall the episodes.
Somnambulists walk with their eyes open and avoid obstacles, but when awakened they cannot recall the episodes.
৩৭৯.
Synthesis and secretion of calcitonin occur in the-
ব্যাখ্যা
Calcitonin is secreted from parafollicular cell
৩৮০.
Most Regulatory cell is
৩৮১.
concordance rate in type 1 DM?
৩৮২.
Neurotransmitter degrading enzyme locate in
ব্যাখ্যা
Neurotransmitter degrading enzyme locate in synaptic cleft
৩৮৩.
Which is a sphero protein?
৩৮৪.
Principal adrenal Mineralocorticoids
ব্যাখ্যা
Mineralocorticoids - Aldosterone , Deoxycorticosterone , Corticosterone , Cortisone
৩৮৫.
Which of the following is not the clinical indications for performing the Ghrelin Blood Test:
ব্যাখ্যা
Following are the clinical indications for performing the Ghrelin Blood Test:
1. Gastric bypass surgery.
2. Monitoring obesity.
3. Rapid weight loss or weight gain.
4. Suspected anorexia nervosa
1. Gastric bypass surgery.
2. Monitoring obesity.
3. Rapid weight loss or weight gain.
4. Suspected anorexia nervosa
৩৮৬.
In case of 70kg adult, Extracellular fluid contains;
৩৮৭.
False regarding amylopectin
৩৮৮.
The three major organs of articulation excludes
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Guyton 14th; P- 501
৩৮৯.
Which is allosteric stimulator of Isocitrate dehydrogenase
ব্যাখ্যা
ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P: 157
A. Allosteric stimulator of Isocitrate dehydrogenase- ADP
B. Allosteric inhibitor of Isocitrate dehydrogenase- ATP
A. Allosteric stimulator of Isocitrate dehydrogenase- ADP
B. Allosteric inhibitor of Isocitrate dehydrogenase- ATP
৩৯০.
The “no-reflow” phenomenon refers to
ব্যাখ্যা
The “no-reflow” phenomenon refers to the inability to reperfuse myocardial tissue despite the reopening of the infarct-related artery. No-reflow often happens in acute myocardial infarction patients during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which has a strong negative impact on clinical outcome, negating the potential benefit of primary PCI. No-reflow is associated with a higher rate of mortality and early postinfarction complications.
৩৯১.
Which of the following inhibits the secretion of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary?
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation-
★ Growth hormone is secreted in pulsatile fashion, with a large burst occurring during deep sleep (sleep stage 3 or 4). Growth hormone secretion is increased by sleep, stress, puberty, starvation, and hypoglycemia. Somatomedins are generated when growth hormone acts on its target tissues; they inhibit growth hormone secretion by the anterior pituitary, both directly and indirectly (by stimulating somatostatin release).
Reference-Guyton & Hall/13rd/P-927 & BRS physiology/6th/P-234
★ Growth hormone is secreted in pulsatile fashion, with a large burst occurring during deep sleep (sleep stage 3 or 4). Growth hormone secretion is increased by sleep, stress, puberty, starvation, and hypoglycemia. Somatomedins are generated when growth hormone acts on its target tissues; they inhibit growth hormone secretion by the anterior pituitary, both directly and indirectly (by stimulating somatostatin release).
Reference-Guyton & Hall/13rd/P-927 & BRS physiology/6th/P-234
৩৯২.
Acute type 2 respiratory failure occurs in
৩৯৩.
Which of the following substances or combinations of substances could be used to measure interstitial fluid volume?
ব্যাখ্যা
Interstitial fluid volume is measured indirectly by determining the difference between extracellular fluid (ECF) volume and plasma volume. Inulin, a large fructose polymer that is restricted to the extracellular space, is a marker for ECF volume. Radioactive albumin is a marker for plasma volume.
৩৯৪.
Hazards of mismatched blood transfusion:
ব্যাখ্যা
Hazards in mismatched blood transfusion / ABO/Rh incompatibility
A. Immediate effects:
1. Acute hemolytic reaction
2. Shivering and restlessness
3. Nausea and vomiting
4. Chest pain and back pain
5. Heart/respiratory rate- increased
6. Blood pressure- decreased
7. Shock
A. Immediate effects:
1. Acute hemolytic reaction
2. Shivering and restlessness
3. Nausea and vomiting
4. Chest pain and back pain
5. Heart/respiratory rate- increased
6. Blood pressure- decreased
7. Shock
৩৯৫.
Initial No change occur due to gravitional force in
৩৯৬.
The percentage of TBW is highest in...
ব্যাখ্যা
Total body water (TBW) is approximately 60% of body weight. Body water is inversely proportional to body fat. The percentage of TBW is highest in newborns then in adult males and lowest in adult females and in adults with a large amount of adipose tissue.
৩৯৭.
Hyposecretion of cortisol produce-
ব্যাখ্যা
In Addison’s disease there is hyposecretion of cortisol.
৩৯৮.
Increased pressure within the carotid sinus results in -
ব্যাখ্যা
Increased pressure within carotid sinus causes-
-Decreased Heart rate
-Decreased sympathetic tone/Vasomotor tone
-Increased parasympathetic discharge
-Decreased myocardial contractility
-Causes vasodilation and venodilation
-Decreased TPR
৩৯৯.
Catecholamines are derived from
৪০০.
Paralysis of lower half of the body