Active and Passive Voice

PrepBank · পাতা ৮ / ১৩ · ৭০১–৮০০ / ১,২৭৭

৭০১.

I want him to write the letter. (passive)

ক
He wanted the letter to be written.
খ
I want the letter to be written.
গ
He was written to me the letter.
ঘ
I want the letter written.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Subject-এর পর liking/loving/wanting/wishing etc. + object + infinitive যুক্ত Active Voice-কে Passive Voice-রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত active voice-এর subject + verb বসে,
- infinitive-এর পরের object (যদি থাকে) বসে,
- to be (passive infinitive) বসে,
- infinitive-এর পরের verb-এর past participle বসে।

Active: He wants someone to take photographs.
Passive: He wants photographs to be taken.

Active: I want him to write the letter.
Passive: I want the letter to be written.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৭০২.

He called it laurel. (make it passive)

ক
It was called laurel by him.
খ
Laurel is called by him.
গ
We called him laurel.
ঘ
It is called laurel by him.

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• Factitive object, Select, elect, nominate, make, call, name ইত্যাদি transitive verb গুলোর object থাকা সত্ত্বেও সম্পূর্ণরূপে অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে পারে না। পরিপূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করার জন্য অতিরিক্ত object আনতে হয়। এইরূপ অতিরিক্ত object কে Factitive object বলে।
যেমন: We made him captain.

Factitive object/complementary object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:

- প্রদত্ত Pronominal object-টি(me, us, you, them, him, her) / নামবাচক object টি Subject +
- tense ও person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে +
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে +
- Factitive object টি বসে +
- by বসে +
- Subject টির objective form বসে।

যেমন:
Active: He called it laurel.
Passive: It was called laurel by him.

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC Communicative English grammar and composition by Chowdhury & Hussain.

৭০৩.

The active form of the sentence ‘The visitors were shown a collection of old manuscripts.’ -

ক
A collection of old manuscripts was shown to the visitors.
খ
The hostess was showing the visitors a collection of old manuscripts.
গ
The hostess showed the visitors a collection of old manuscripts.
ঘ
The hostess was showed a collection of old manuscripts.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive Voice এ যদি by + Object না থাকে এবং verb টি যদি পেশা বা নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর সাথে Related কাজ হয় তাহলে ঐ পেশা জীবী বা ঐ নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর নাম Subject হিসেবে বসাতে হবে।

যেমন:
• Water was irrigated.
- Farmers irrigated water.

• He was born in 1960.
- His mother bore him in 1960.

• Rome was not built in a day.
- The Romans did not build Rome in a day.

একইভাবে এখানে কাজের সাথে সম্পর্কিত subject হিসেবে hostess (আমন্ত্রয়িত্রী; আতিথ্যকর্ত্রী) বসানো হয়েছে।

Correct Sentence: The hostess showed the visitors a collection of old manuscripts.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain

৭০৪.

Change the voice: Some children were treating the wounded dog.

ক
The wounded dog was being treating by some children.
খ
The wounded dog was treating by some children.
গ
The wounded dog was being treated by some children.
ঘ
By some children the wounded dog was being treating.

ব্যাখ্যা

• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি Past continuous tense এ আছে।
- Past continuous tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম -

• Object টি subject হয়ে বসবে।
- Tense ও person অনুযায়ী was/were + being বসবে।
- এরপর verb এর past participle form + by + subject টি object হয়ে বসবে।

- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
• Active: Some children were treating the wounded dog.
• Passive: The wounded dog was being treated by some children.

৭০৫.

Don't open the door. (Make it passive)

ক
Let not the door opened.
খ
Let not the door be opened.
গ
Let the door not be open.
ঘ
Let not the door open.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: Don't open the door.
- Passive: Let not the door be opened.

• Do not যুক্ত Imperative sentence এর Active voice থেকে passive এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let not বসবে।
- Active voice এর object টির subject রূপে বসবে।
- be বসবে।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসবে।

• Structure: Let not + object টির subject হয় + be + মূল verb এর past participle.

• Note: object টি pronoun হলে pronoun এর পরে not বসে।

• More examples:
- Active: Don't waste your efforts.
- Passive: Let not your efforts be wasted.

৭০৬.

Change the voice : I shall not help you.

ক
You shall not be helped by me.
খ
I shall not be helped by you.
গ
I will not be helped by you.
ঘ
You will not be helped by me.

ব্যাখ্যা

ব্যাখ্যা:
Future Perfect Tense -এর negative form-কে Active থেকে Passive-এ রূপান্তর করতে হলে Structureটি হবে নিম্নরূপ:
Active Voice-এর Object-কে Subject-কে রূপান্তর +shall/will + not + be + V(p.p) + by + Active Voice-এর Subject-কে Object-কে রূপান্তর।

৭০৭.

Change the voice: My friend sent me a gift.

ক
ক) I am being sent a gift by my friend.
খ
খ) I am sent a gift by my friend.
গ
গ) I was sent a gift by my friend.
ঘ
ঘ) A gift is sent to my friend by me.

ব্যাখ্যা

বাক্যটিতে দুটি object আছে। a gift (বস্তুবাচক অর্থাৎ direct object)এবং me (প্রাণীবাচক অর্থাৎ indirect object)।
এই বাক্যটিকে আমরা প্রথমে I (indirect object)-কে Subject ধরে Passive voice করতে পারি।
অর্থাৎ, Indirect object + be + Verb-এর past particple+ Direct Object+ by+ Active Voice-এর Subject-কে object-এ রূপান্তর ।
Indirect Object-কে Subject-এ রূপান্তর করাই অধিক সঙ্গত।
অতএব, প্রদত্ত বাক্যের সঠিক passive voice: I was sent a gift by my friend.

Source: Applied English grammar and composition by P C Das

৭০৮.

The dish was cooked by Sabrina. (Make it active)

ক
Sabrina cooking the dish.
খ
Sabrina cooked the dish.
গ
Sabrina being cooked the dish.
ঘ
Sabrina has cooked the dish.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:

• Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Passive Voice: The dish was cooked by Sabrina.
Active Voice: Sabrina cooked the dish.

৭০৯.

The correct passive voice of: "Her conduct annoyed me."

ক
I was annoyed to her conduct.
খ
She annoyed me with the conduct.
গ
I was annoyed by her conduct.
ঘ
I was annoyed at her conduct.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice: Her conduct annoyed me.
• Passive voice: I was annoyed at her conduct.

• Past indefinite tense যুক্ত Active voice -কে Passive voice -এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice -এর object টি Passive voice -এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb.
- মূল verb এর past participle.
- Active voice -এর subject টি Passive voice -এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।

- কোন ব্যক্তির উপর বিরক্ত বোঝাতে annoyed -এর পরে with বসে কিন্তু বস্তু বা কাজের উপর বিরক্ত বোঝাতে annoyed -এর পরে at বসে।
- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে - I was annoyed at her conduct.

• Note: Annoy, charm, please, shock, surprise ইত্যাদি verb -এর পরে ব্যক্তি থাকলে with বসে এবং আচরণ, কর্ম, গুণ (বস্তবাচক) ইত্যাদি থাকলে at বসে।
- তবে, প্রশ্নে at না থাকলে with নেওয়া যাবে।

Source: Source: Live MCQ English Wizard by Saleh Ahmed.

৭১০.

The doctor advised giving up smoking. (Make it passive)

ক
The doctor advised to give up smoking.
খ
Smoking are advised to be given up.
গ
Smoking should be given up advised by the doctor.
ঘ
The doctor advised that smoking should be given up.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active voice: The doctor advised giving up smoking.
- Passive voice: The doctor advised that smoking should be given up.

• Advise/ insist/ propose/ recommend/ suggest + gerund + object যুক্ত active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- that বসে।
- gerund এর পরের object টি বসে।
- should be বসে।
- প্রদত্ত gerund টি verb এ রূপান্তরিত হয়ে তার past participle হয়।

• Structure: Subject + advised + that + object (smoking) + should be + past participle.

- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী বাক্যটির সঠিক passive form হলো- ঘ) The doctor advised that smoking should be given up.

৭১১.

Never tell a lie. what is the passive form?

ক
A lie is never told.
খ
A lie is never be told.
গ
Let a lie never be told.
ঘ
Let not a lie be told ever.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active voice: Never tell a lie.
- Passive voice: Let a lie never be told

• Never যুক্ত Imperative Sentence কে Passive করার structure:
- প্রথমে Let বসে,
- Object বসে,
- never বসে,
- be বসে,
- মূল verb এর Past participle হয়।

- Active: Never + verb + object.
- Passive: Let + object + never + be + past participle of main verb + (by someone).
- অথবা, Let not + object + ever + be + past participle of main verb.

৭১২.

The correct passive form of the sentence: I am playing cricket.

ক
ক) Cricket was being played by me.
খ
খ) Cricket are being played by me.
গ
গ) Cricket is being played by me.
ঘ
ঘ) Cricket were being played by me.

ব্যাখ্যা

- উল্লেখিত প্রশ্নের সঠিক passive voice হচ্ছে Cricket is being played by me.

• Present continuous tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
- Object এর subject + am being/is being/are being + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object.
Example:
Active: I am playing cricket.
Passive: Cricket is being played by me.

৭১৩.

Choose the correctly spelt word -

ক
ক) Sesmograph
খ
খ) Seismugraph
গ
গ) Sismograph
ঘ
ঘ) Seismograph

ব্যাখ্যা

- উল্লেখিত প্রশ্নে correct spelling হচ্ছে Seismograph.

• Seismograph (noun):
English Meaning: An apparatus to measure and record vibrations within the earth and of the ground.
Bangla Meaning: ভূমিকম্পের শক্তি, স্থায়িত্ব ও দূরত্ব মাপার যন্ত্রবিশেষ।

Source: Merriam-Webster Dictionary.

৭১৪.

Choose the correct transformation into passive voice:
They will complete the bridge within six months.

ক
The bridge will be completed by them within six months.
খ
The bridge would be completed within six months.
গ
The bridge will have been completed within six months.
ঘ
The bridge will be completed within six months.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: They will complete the bridge within six months.
Passive Voice: The bridge will be completed by them within six months.

• Future indefinite tense জাতীয় বাক্যের Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Object এর subjective form বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- be বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।

৭১৫.

Find out the active form of the sentence:
"By whom can our country be saved?"

ক
Who can save our country?
খ
Our country has been saved by who?
গ
Who save our country?
ঘ
Who will save our country?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive: By whom can our country be saved?
• Active: Who can save our country?

• Passive Voice এ By whom থাকলে Active Voice করতে হলে –
i) Subject হিসেবে Who বসে।
ii) কোনো Modal Auxiliary থাকলে তা who এর পরে বসবে। (এখানে can)
iii) be বাদ যাবে।
iv) বাদ যাওয়া be verb যে Form এ ছিল, মূল Verb- ঐ form এ বসবে। এখানে be verb – Base Form এ ছিল, তাই মূল verb ও base form এ বসবে (save)।
v) Passive Voice এর Subject - Object হয়ে বসবে। (Our country) এ হিসেবে সঠিক উত্তর (ক)।

৭১৬.

We are anxious to complete the project on time. (make it passive)

ক
We are anxious that the project should be completed on time.
খ
We are anxious that the project should completed on time.
গ
We are anxious that the project should being completed on time.
ঘ
We are anxious that the project should been completed on time.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive object যুক্ত sentence কে Active Voice কে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Active Voice এর Subject ও Verb বসবে।
- that বসে।
- Infinitive এর পরের Object বসবে।
- should be বসে।
- Infinitive এর পরের verb এর Past Participle বসে।

• Active Voice: We are anxious to complete the project on time.
• Passive Voice: We are anxious that the project should be completed on time.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৭১৭.

One should maintain the dining etiquette. (passive)

ক
The dining etiquette should have to be maintained by one.
খ
The dining etiquette should have to be maintained by one's.
গ
The dining etiquette should be maintained.
ঘ
The dining etiquette should to be maintained.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active voice: One should maintain the dining etiquette
Passive voice: The dining etiquette should be maintained.

• One + should যুক্ত Sentence কে passive করার নিয়ম:
1. প্রথমে object টি Subject রূপে বসে, অর্থাৎ, Active voice-এর object-কে passive voice-এর subject হিসেবে ব্যবহার করা হয়।
2. Active voice-এর "One" উঠিয়ে দেওয়া হয়।
3. should be + মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

More Examples:
Active Voice: One should take care of one's health.
Passive Voice: Health should be taken care of.

Active: One should tell the truth.
Passive: Truth should be told.

Active voice: One should follow the traffic rules.
Passive voice: The traffic rules should be followed.

৭১৮.

'It is time to shut up the shop'. Make it passive.

ক
ক) It is time for the shop to be shut up.
খ
খ) It is time to shut the shop up.
গ
গ) It is time to be shut up the shop.
ঘ
ঘ) It is time the shop be shut up.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: It is time + to + V1 + object.
Passive: It is time + for + object + to be + V3.
Active: It is time to do your duty.
Passive: it is time for your duty to be done.

৭১৯.

When I saw him, he told me the fact. (Passive)

ক
ক) When he was seen by me, he told me the fact.
খ
খ) When he was seen by me, I was told by him the fact.
গ
গ) When he was seen by me, I was told the fact by him.
ঘ
ঘ) When I saw him, the fact was told me by him.

ব্যাখ্যা

ক, ঘ - Complex Sentence এ উভয় Clause কেই Passive করতে হয়।
খ- Object সব সময় Verb এর ঠিক পরপর বসে।

৭২০.

How does she solve the problem? (Make it passive)

ক
How did she solve the problem?
খ
How is the problem solved by her?
গ
How does the problem get solved by her?
ঘ
How is she solving the problem?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active: How does she solve the problem?
- Passive: How is the problem solved by her?

• How দ্বারা শুরু Interrogative Sentence কে Active voice থেকে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম:
- How + auxiliary verb + Active এর object + Verb- এর past participle form + by + active এর subject + question mark (?)

৭২১.

Which one is the correct passive form of the sentence: “Let me play football”?

ক
Let me the football be play by me.
খ
Let the football be played by me.
গ
Let the football by me be played.
ঘ
Let the football played by me.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Let যুক্ত imperative বাক্যের passive গঠন-
Let + object + be + v3 (past participle) + by + let পরবর্তী ব্যক্তিবাচক object.

• তাই এখানে Let the football be played by me হবে সঠিক উত্তর।

৭২২.

The correct passive form of "The bottle contains fresh water."

ক
Fresh water is contained in the bottle.
খ
Fresh water is contained by the bottle.
গ
Fresh water is contained to the bottle.
ঘ
Fresh water is contained on the bottle.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: The bottle contains fresh water.
- Passive: Fresh water is contained in the bottle.

- Present indefinite tense - এর assertive sentence -এর active voice -কে passive voice -করার নিয়ম:

- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়ে যায়।
- তারপর Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb (am/is/are) বসবে।
- মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- তারপর preposition (by, with, to, at, in etc. বসবে)।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়ে যায়।

• সাধারণত, আমরা জানি passive voice এ object এর পূর্বে preposition হিসেবে by বসে।
- তবে কিছু verb আছে যেগুলোর পরে passive এ in বসে।
- যেমন: Embody, Contain, Include, ইত্যাদি।

Source:
1. A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
2. Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.

৭২৩.

Which one is the right passive voice of - 'The government has launched a massive tribal welfare programme in Jharkhand'?

ক
ক) A massive tribal welfare programme is launched by the government in Jharkhand.
খ
খ) A massive tribal welfare programme has been launched by the government in Jharkhand.
গ
গ) Jharkhand government has launched a massive tribal welfare programme.
ঘ
ঘ) The government in Jharkhand has launched a massive tribal welfare programme.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয় -
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb -
- মূল verb এর past participle -
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় -
- তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।
Active Voice: The government has launched a massive tribal welfare programme in Jharkhand
Passive Voice: A massive tribal welfare programme has been launched by the government in Jharkhand.

সূত্র: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar and Composition (For Class 9-10).

৭২৪.

Change into passive voice: "Post the letter today."

ক
Let the letter posted today.
খ
Let the letter to be posted today.
গ
Let the letter be posted today.
ঘ
Let today the letter be post.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Imperative Sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে,
শুধুমাত্র মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
i) প্রথমে Let বসে +
ii) Object টি Subject রূপে বসে +
iii) be বসে +
iv) Verb এর past participle বসে।

Active: Post the letter today.
Passive: Let the letter be posted today.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition.

৭২৫.

Who is texting me? (make it passive)

ক
Whom am I being texted by?
খ
By whom am I being texted?
গ
By whom am being I texted?
ঘ
By whom were I being texted?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice এর রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে By whom দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হবে।
- tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- অনেক সময় be/ being/ been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Question mark (?) হয়।

• Active voice: Who is texting me?
• Passive voice: By whom am I being texted?

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৭২৬.

Who did the man like most? (Make it Passive)

ক
ক) By whom was the man liked most?
খ
খ) Who was liked most by the man?
গ
গ) Who was liked by the most man?
ঘ
ঘ) By whom the man was liked most?

ব্যাখ্যা

এখানে who = কাকে, এটা এখানে Object,
তাই বাক্যটাকে Passive করলে Who – ‍Subject হয়ে বসবে। তার পর অতিরিক্ত be verb + মূল verb এর Past Participle + by + Subject এর Objective Form.

৭২৭.

You ought to appreciate your teachers. (Make it passive)

ক
Your teachers ought to been appreciated by you.
খ
Your teachers ought to being appreciated by you.
গ
Your teachers ought to appreciated by you.
ঘ
Your teachers ought to be appreciated by you.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,

- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।

- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।

- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।

- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।

- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।

• May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার সময় এদের পরে be বসে এবং তার পরেই মূল verb- এর Past Participle বসে।

Structure: Object টির subject form + may/ might/can/could/must/ought to/going to + be + মূল verb- এর Past Participle + Subject- টির Object form.

Active Voice: You ought to appreciate your teachers.

Passive Voice: Your teachers ought to be appreciated by you.

৭২৮.

Did he help the poor? (Make it Passive)

ক
ক) Was the poor helped by him?
খ
খ) Were the poor helped by him?
গ
গ) Did the poor be helped by him?
ঘ
ঘ) Did the poor were helped by him?

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive Voice এ did এর পরিবর্তে was/ were বসে।
the poor (দরিদ্ররা) plural হওয়ার কারণে were বসবে এবং Interrogative হওয়ার কারণে এটা Subject এর পূর্বে বসবে।

সে অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তর: খ) Were the poor helped by him?

৭২৯.

The correct passive form of ''Must you not eat the orange?'' is -

ক
Must you not be eaten by the orange?
খ
Must the orange not be eaten by you?
গ
Must the orange be eaten by you?
ঘ
The orange must not be eaten by you?

ব্যাখ্যা

Negative-Interrogative বাক্যকে passive করতে structure-টি হবে:
Must + Active Voice-এর Objectকে Subject-এ রূপান্তর + not + be + Verb-এর past participle + by + Active Voice-এর Subject-কে Object-এ রূপান্তর।

৭৩০.

Mistakes may be made by beginners. (Make it active)

ক
Beginners may be made mistakes.
খ
Beginners may make mistakes.
গ
Beginners may be make mistakes.
ঘ
Beginners may made mistakes.

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive: Mistakes may be made by beginners.
Active: Beginners may make mistakes.

Passive থেকে Active-এ রূপান্তর:
Passive Voice-এ may be, might be, can be, could be, must be ইত্যাদি থাকলে Active-এ রূপান্তরের সময় be বাদ যাবে।
Passive-এর Object → Active-এর Subject
মূল Verb → Base form-এ ব্যবহার হবে।

More examples:
Passive: You may be helped by me.
Active: I may help you.

Passive: The problem might be solved by the students.
Active: The students might solve the problem.

৭৩১.

Change the voice:
Why do you ignore my messages?

ক
Why are my messages be ignored?
খ
Why my messages were ignored by you?
গ
Why my message is ignored by you?
ঘ
Why my messages are ignored by you?

ব্যাখ্যা

• কোনো বাক্য যখন WH word যেমন: Who, Which, whom, where, when, why, whose, whom, and how দিয়ে শুরু হয় তখন passive voice WH-word দিয়ে শুরু হয়ে থাকে।

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর Wh word টি প্রথমে বসে
- Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসাতে হয়।
- Object টি Subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/being/been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- সবার শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।

Active: Why do you ignore my messages?
Passive: Why my messages are ignored by you?

৭৩২.

Change into passive. I gave him a book.

ক
ক) I was given a book to him
খ
খ) A book was given by him.
গ
গ) He was given a book by me.
ঘ
ঘ) He was given a book to me.

ব্যাখ্যা

- প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নের সঠিক উত্তর হবে 'He was given a book by me.'
- প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নে যে বাক্য রয়েছে, সেখানে Double object রয়েছে।

সেক্ষেত্রে-
(1) দু'টি object এর যেকোন একটিকে passive voice এর Subject করতে হয় (তবে ব্যক্তিবাচক অর্থাৎ Indirect object-কে subject করাই শ্রেয়) +
(2) Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে +
(3) প্রদত্ত মূল verb এর Past Participle বসে +
(4) প্রদত্ত বাকী object টি বসে+
(5) by বসে +
(6) প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject টি object রূপে বসে।

যেমন:
Active: The Headmaster teaches us English.
Passive: We are taught English by the Headmaster.

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC Communicative English grammar and composition by Chowdhury & Hussain.

৭৩৩.

Change the voice: He was called wise.

ক
Wise was called to him.
খ
He is called to be wise.
গ
He was being called wise.
ঘ
People called him wise.

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ আমজনতার সাথে Related কাজ হলে Subject হিসেবে People বসাতে হবে।

• প্রথমে People বসাতে হবে।
- মূল Verb এর ঠিক আগের 'be' Verb 'was' বাদ যাবে।
- মূল Verb এর ঠিক আগের 'be' Verb এর গঠন অনুযায়ী মূল Verb বসবে।
- Subject টি Object হবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।

Passive: He was called wise.
Active: People called him wise.

৭৩৪.

Choose the correct passive form of the sentence: "They must finish the homework."

ক
The homework must finished by them.
খ
The homework must finishing by them.
গ
The homework is must finished by them.
ঘ
The homework must be finished by them.

ব্যাখ্যা

→ Correct Answer: The homework must be finished by them.

Active: They must finish the homework.
Passive: The homework must be finished by them.

Active Voice থেকে Passive Voice-এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
→ Object becomes Subject: Active Voice-এ যা Object ছিল, Passive Voice-এ সেটি Subject হয়ে যায়।
→ Be verb is added: Active Voice-এ যে verb থাকে, Passive Voice-এ তার সাথে 'be' verb যোগ করা হয়, যা verb এর tense অনুযায়ী হবে।
→ Past Participle of the verb: Active Voice-এ যে verb থাকে, Passive Voice-এ তার Past Participle form ব্যবহার করা হয়।
→ Subject becomes Object: Active Voice-এ যে Subject ছিল, Passive Voice-এ সেটি Object হয়ে যায়, এবং এর আগে "by" (বা অন্যান্য Preposition) যোগ হয়।

→ May, might, can, could, must, ought to, be going to যুক্ত Active Voice-কে Passive Voice-এ রূপান্তর করার সময়: এগুলোর পর 'be' বসে এবং তার পরেই verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

Example:
Active: He can solve the problem.
Passive: The problem can be solved by him.
Active: They will complete the assignment.
Passive: The assignment will be completed by them.
Active: I should write the report.
Passive: The report should be written by me.
Active: They have completed the task.
Passive: The task has been completed by them.

৭৩৫.

The teachers help the learners of a second language practice the language. (Make it passive)

ক
The learners of a second language are to be helped practicing the language by the teachers.
খ
The learners of a second language are helped to practice the language by the teachers.
গ
The learners of a second language are helped to be practiced the language by the teachers.
ঘ
The learners of a second language helped to be practiced the language by the teachers.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Help, make, need, dare, bare, hear, feel, know ইত্যাদি causative verb গুলোর পর active voice এ bare infinitive হয় অর্থাৎ to উহ্য থাকে।
কিন্তু passive এ পরিবর্তন করবার সময় তাদের পর to বসাতে হয়।

• Causative verb যুক্ত বাক্যটির passive voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম -
• Structure: Object কে subject + auxiliary verb + causative verb - এর past participle form + to + মুল verb + by + sub কে object.

• যেহেতু উল্লিখিত বাক্যে - help রয়েছে, তাই passive এ to যুক্ত করতে হবে
- আর একই Clause এর মধ্যে দুইবার Passive হয় না।
- তাই সঠিক passive form হবে - The learners of a second language are helped to practice the language by the teachers.

৭৩৬.

Passive voice of 'you can help us'.

ক
ক) We can be help by you.
খ
খ) We could be helped by you.
গ
গ) We can be helped by you.
ঘ
ঘ) We are helped by you.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive Voice of Modals এর structure:
- object হয়ে যাবে subject,
- এর পর বাক্যে ব্যবহৃত can/may/would/should/must/ might বসবে,
- তারপর 'be' verb বসবে।
- এরপর মূল verb এর past participle বসাতে হবে।
- 'by' preposition এর পর লিখতে হবে বাক্যের আসল subject টি।

সে অনুসারে সঠিক passive form: We can be helped by you.

৭৩৭.

"Don’t forget your homework." (Change the voice)

ক
Your homework should not forgoten.
খ
Let not your homework be forgotten.
গ
Your homework is not forgotten.
ঘ
Your homework won’t be forgot.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Imperative Sentence কে Active Voice থেকে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:

এক্ষেত্রে,
• Do not দিয়ে শুরু যুক্ত Imperative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let not বসে,
- Objectটি subject রূপে বসে,
- be বসে,
- মূল Verb-এর Past Participle বসে।

সে অনুসারে,
- Active Voice: Don’t forget your homework.
- Passive Voice: Let not your homework be forgotten.

৭৩৮.

They held a conference very early. (Make it passive)

ক
A conference was helded by them very early.
খ
A conference was hold by them very early.
গ
A conference is held by them very early.
ঘ
A conference was held by them very early.

ব্যাখ্যা

• They held a conference very early.
- এই বাক্যকে passive করতে হলে নিচের structure follow করতে হবে:

• subject কে object করতে হবে,
- was/were বসবে,
- verb এর past participle বসবে,
- by বসবে,
- Object কে subject + extension.

• সে অনুসারে এর সঠিক passive form হবে -
- A conference was held by them very early.

৭৩৯.

John hasn’t invited me on the occasion. (Make it Passive)

ক
ক) I hasn’t been invited on the occasion by John.
খ
খ) I wasn’t invited on the occasion by John.
গ
গ) I haven’t invited by John on the occasion.
ঘ
ঘ) I haven’t been invited by John on the occasion.

ব্যাখ্যা

বাক্যটি Present Perfect Tense.
এর Passive Structure হচ্ছে –
Subjective form of Object + have/has + been + Past Participle of the main verb + by + Objective form of Subject

৭৪০.

Who opened the door? [passive]

ক
By whom had been the door opened?
খ
By whom had the door opened?
গ
By whom was the door opened?
ঘ
Whom was the door opened?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Who - এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমেই By whom বসবে।
- তারপর Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসবে।
- তারপর active voice- এর object টি passive voice - এর subject হবে।
- তারপর মূল verb - এর past participle বসবে।
- Sentence টি interrogative sentence - এ-ই থাকবে, তাই শেষে interrogative চিহ্ন '?' বসবে।

Active voice: Who did the sum?
Passive voice: By whom was the sum done?

Active: Who opened the door?
Passive: By whom was the door opened?

ভুল অপশন বিশ্লেষণ:
ক) By whom had been the door opened? — ভুল ক্রম। সঠিক হবে “By whom had the door been opened?”

খ) By whom had the door opened? — ভুল, কারণ “door” নিজে কাজ করে না, এখানে passive voice দরকার।

ঘ) Whom was the door opened? — “whom” ব্যবহার ভুল, এখানে “by whom” প্রয়োজন।

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC Communicative English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৭৪১.

Make the following sentence passive:
Active: Never ignore the truth.

ক
Don't ignore the truth.
খ
Let never the truth be ignored.
গ
Let the truth be ignored never.
ঘ
Let be never ignore the truth.

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: খ) Let never the truth be ignored.

• Never যুক্ত Imperative sentence Passive করার structure:
- “Let” দিয়ে শুরু করতে হবে।
- “Never” বা “Always” এর মতো adverb মূল বাক্যের শুরুতে রাখতে হবে।
- Object কে subject হিসেবে বসাতে হবে।
- be শব্দ ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
- মূল verb এর past participle ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
Structure: Let + never/always + Object (as Subject) + be + Past Participle of main verb.

তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী বাক্যটি Passive করলে:
Active: Never ignore the truth.
Passive: Let never the truth be ignored.

Other Options:
ক) Don't ignore the truth. → এটি শুধুই negative imperative, passive নয়।
গ) Let the truth be ignored never. → শব্দের ক্রম ভুল।
ঘ) Let be never ignore the truth. → structure ভুল।

Example:
Active: Never tell a lie.
Passive: Let never a lie be told.
Active: Never ignore the truth.
Passive: Let never the truth be ignored.

৭৪২.

''His behaviour annoyed me yesterday''. বাক্যের Passive form হচ্ছে-

ক
ক) Yesterday I was annoyed to his behaviour.
খ
খ) I was annoyed yesterday at his behaviour.
গ
গ) Yesterday I was annoyed at his behaviour.
ঘ
ঘ) I am annoyed yesterday at his behaviour.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active voice কে Passive voice- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয় + Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + মূল verb এর past participle + Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to ,in) বসে।
আর কোন ব্যক্তির উপর বিরক্ত বোঝাতে annoyed with কিন্তু বস্তু বা কাজের উপর বিরক্ত বোঝাতে annoyed at বসে।
তাই, প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যটির passive voice হবে- Yesterday I was annoyed at his behaviour.

৭৪৩.

The passive form of "Who is playing the piano?" is -

ক
By whom the piano being played?"
খ
By whom was the piano being played?"
গ
By whom is the piano being played?
ঘ
By whom is the piano played?"

ব্যাখ্যা

• "Who is playing the piano?" বাক্যটির Passive form হবে - "By whom is the piano being played?"

• Present Continuous Tense এর passive voice করার structure নিম্নরূপ:
- Interrogative sentence এ who এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে by whom হবে।
- তারপর am/is/are + Active voice এর object + being + verb এর past participle + (?)

সে অনুসারে,
Active Voice: Who is playing the piano?
Passive Voice: By whom is the piano being played?

৭৪৪.

What was he writing the letter with? (Make it passive)

ক
ক) What was the letter being written with by him?
খ
খ) By what was the letter being written with him?
গ
গ) What was the letter written with by him?
ঘ
ঘ) By what was the letter written with him?

ব্যাখ্যা

What was he writing the letter with? = With what was he writing the letter?
এখানে With what – Subject বা Object কিছুই না।
তাই আমরা বাক্যটাকে প্রথমে ধরে নেই-
was he writing the letter?
এর Passive হবে-
was the letter being written by him?
এবার what ও with যোগ করে নেই:
What was the letter being written with by him?

৭৪৫.

Karim hurt himself. [passive]

ক
Karim is hurt himself.
খ
Karim is hurt by himself.
গ
Karim is hurted by himself.
ঘ
Karim himself is hurt by himself.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Reflexive object যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
• Reflexive object গুলো হচ্ছে - himself, myself, themself, ourself, etc.

• Structure:
- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর Subject টি অপরিবর্তিত অবস্থায় Passive voice এর Subject হিসাবে প্রথমে বসে + tense ও person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + মূল verb এর past participle form বসে + by বসে + Reflexive object টি বসে।

• Active: He killed himself.
• Passive: He was killed by himself.

Active: Karim hurt himself.
Passive: Karim is hurt by himself.

৭৪৬.

He saw me fly a kite. (Passive)

ক
I am seen to fly a kite by him.
খ
I was seen to fly a kite.
গ
I was seen to fly a kite by him.
ঘ
I seen to fly a kite by him.

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Bare Infinitive:
- Bare অর্থ শূন্য, Bare Infinitive এ to থাকবে না কিন্তু অর্থে "তে” পাওয়া যাবে।

• make, have, help, see, watch, notice, hear, behold, feel + Obj + Verb

• He saw me fly a kite.
- এই বাক্যে উহ্য ভাবে একটি to আছে। তাই একে Bare Infinitive বলা হয়।
- বাক্যটিকে passive করতে 'He saw me' অংশটিকে passive করতে হবে।

• Object → Subject হবে তাই প্রথমে 'I' বসবে।
- অতিরিক্ত একটি be verb হিসেবে was বসবে।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসবে।
- to বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।
- by বসবে।
- Subject -> Object হবে।

• He saw me fly a kite.
=> I was seen to fly a kite by him.

Source: Live MCQ English Wizard.

৭৪৭.

I don't like fraudulent people. (Make it passive)

ক
ক) Fraudulent people are not likeable to me.
খ
খ) Fraudulent peoples are not liked by me.
গ
গ) Fraudulent people are not liked by me.
ঘ
ঘ) Fraudulent people is not liked by me.

ব্যাখ্যা

• উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি Present indefinite tense এ রয়েছে।
- Present indefinite tense যুক্ত negative বাক্যের Passive voice এর গঠন করার নিয়ম -
- Object টি subject রূপে বসে
- এরপর subject ও tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- not + verb এর past participle form হয়
- by + object.
তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক Passive form টি হবে - Fraudulent people are not liked by me.

৭৪৮.

"The manager has approved the proposal." (Change to passive voice)

ক
The proposal is approved by the manager.
খ
The proposal have been approved by the manager.
গ
The proposal has been approved by the manager.
ঘ
The proposal was approved by the manager.

ব্যাখ্যা

Answer: c) The proposal has been approved by the manager.

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।

• Present perfect tense এর passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Object টি subjective form + have been/ has been + মূল verb এর past participle + by + subject এর objective form.

নিয়ম অনুসারে,
Active voice: The manager has approved the proposal..
Passive voice: The proposal has been approved by the manager.

৭৪৯.

Change the voice: Let him finish the work.

ক
Let the work be finished by him.
খ
Let the work being finished by him.
গ
Let the work to be finished by him.
ঘ
Let the work been finished by him.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: Let him finish the work.
Passive: Let the work be finished by him.

• Let যুক্ত Imperative sentence এর Active voice কে passive voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসে।
- Object টির subject রূপে বসে।
- be বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টির Object রূপে বসে।

• Structure: Let + Object টির subject বসে + be বসে + মূল verb এর past participle form বসে + by + subject টির Object রূপে বসে।

৭৫০.

Change the voice: They love each other.

ক
Each of them was loved by the other.
খ
Each other was loved by them.
গ
Each other loves by them.
ঘ
They are loved by each other.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Reciprocal pronoun (each other, one another) যুক্ত active voice কে passive এ পরিণত করার সময় -
- Pronoun গুলো কখনোই subject হিসেবে বসবে না।
- অর্থাৎ, এদের subject এবং object এর স্থান অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
- tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + main verb এর past participle form বসে।

• Active structure: Subject + verb + Reflexive object.
• Passive: Subject অপরিবর্তিত + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + main verb এর past participle form + reciprocal pronoun.

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী, সঠিক উত্তর - They are loved by each other.

৭৫১.

'The glass must have been broken by Sabit.' (Make it active)

ক
ক) Sabit must have broken the glass
খ
খ) The glass was broken by Sabit
গ
গ) Sabit must have been broken by the glass
ঘ
ঘ) Sabit might have broken the glass

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive structure যদি Subject + Modal auxiliary + have been + v₃ + by + object হয় তাহলে active form হবে:
Subject (object থেকে আসা) + Modal auxiliary + have + v₃ + object.

অতএব, প্রদত্ত বাক্যটির Active Form: Sabit must have broken the glass.

৭৫২.

Change the Voice: I am doing sums.

ক
ক) Sums are done by me.
খ
খ) Sums must be done by me.
গ
গ) I must be doing the sum.
ঘ
ঘ) Sums are being done by me.

ব্যাখ্যা

- প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নের passive voice হচ্ছে Sums are being done by me.

• Active থেকে Passive এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
Subject + (is /am / are) + being + Verb in past participle + Others.
Example:
Active voice: I am doing sums.
Passive voice: Sums are being done by me.

৭৫৩.

'He died of fever'- বাক্যের Passive form হচ্ছে -

ক
ক) Fever caused him to death.
খ
খ) His death was caused with fever
গ
গ) Fever caused him to die
ঘ
ঘ) He was caused to die of fever

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয় এবং Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে আর সেই সাথে মূল verb এর past participle বসে।
- এই নিয়ম অনুসরণ করে, বাক্যটির passive form হবে: Fever was died by him.
- কিন্তু এটি grammatically incorrect.
- কারণ "die" একটি intransitive verb, যার কোনো direct object গ্রহণ করেনা এবং এ জন্য এই বাক্যটিকে সহজে passive voice এ রূপান্তর করা যায় না।

ব্যাতিক্রম হিসেবে -
- যেহেতু, মূল বাক্যে কোনো direct object নেই, তাই subject "He" অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে এবং বাক্যটি simple past tense এ আছে, তাই "was" ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
- মূল verb এর past participle: "die" কে "caused to die" দিয়ে প্রতিস্থাপন করা, যেখানে "caused" হল past participle, কারণ, সাধারণত die এর passive form হয়না, অর্থাৎ, passive এ was died ব্যবহার করা যায় না, caused to die অথবা was killed by someone হয়।
- নিজে মারা যাওয়া অর্থে die ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• সে অনুযায়ী অধিকগ্রহন যোগ্য উত্তর হচ্ছে - He was caused to die of fever.

৭৫৪.

'Tea is liked by common people'. This is an example of---

ক
ক) active voice
খ
খ) passive voice
গ
গ) quasi-passive voice
ঘ
ঘ) double passive voice

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive voice এ object টি subject position এ বসে। গঠনটি হয় এরূপ Object এর subjective form + auxiliary verb + verb in past participle. যেমন- Rice is eaten by me.

৭৫৫.

The passive form of:
People use smartphones for communication.

ক
Smartphones used for communication by people.
খ
Smartphones are always used for communication by people.
গ
Smartphones are always being used for communication.
ঘ
Smartphones are used for communication.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: People use smartphones for communication.
- Passive: Smartphones are used for communication.

• Active voice কে Passive Voice- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object টি Passive Voice এর Subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর Past Participle form বসে।
- Active Voice এর subject টি Passive Voice এর Object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।
- তবে, Active Voice এর Subject People হলে, তা Passive Voice এর Object হিসেবে না লিখলেও চলে।

• More example:
- Active: People always admire great visionaries.
- Passive: Great visionaries are always admired.

৭৫৬.

The correct passive voice of “Let me read the book” is –

ক
a) Let the book is read by me.
খ
b) Let the book be read by me.
গ
c) Let the book to be read by me.
ঘ
d) Let the book read by me.

ব্যাখ্যা

Let দ্বারা শুরু হওয়া Imperative sentence এর passive voice এ সবসময় ‘let’ এর object এর পরে ‘to be’ verb এর base form ( be) হয়।
তাই সঠিক passive বাক্য - Let the book be read by me.

৭৫৭.

Change the voice:
Don't disturb the students.

ক
Let not be disturbed the students.
খ
Let the students not be disturbed.
গ
Let not the students be disturbed.
ঘ
Let disturbed not be the students.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: Let not the students be disturbed.

Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে Imperative sentence এর Active voice থেকে passive এ রূপান্তরিত করার সময় -
- প্রথমে Let not বসবে।
- Active voice এর object টির subject রূপে বসবে।
- be বসবে।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসবে।

Structure: Let not + object টির subject হয়+ be + মূল verb এর past participle.
Active Voice: Don't waste your efforts.
Passive Voice: Let not your efforts be wasted.

Correct Answer: Let not the students be disturbed.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৭৫৮.

Change the following sentence into passive form: Niha decided to sell the house.

ক
ক) Niha decides that the house should be sold.
খ
খ) Niha decided that the house should been sold.
গ
গ) Niha decided that the house is being sold.
ঘ
ঘ) Niha decided that the house should be sold.

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Voice:

• Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- that বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের Object (direct object) বসবে।
- should be বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle বসবে।

Example:
Active: Niha decided to sell the house.
Passive: Niha decided that the house should be sold.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৭৫৯.

“You are requested not to smoke”. (Make it active)

ক
ক) Do not smoke.
খ
খ) Do not smoking.
গ
গ) Please do not smoking.
ঘ
ঘ) Please do not smoke.

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive voice এ “You are requested to” থাকলে active voice এ please/ kindlily ব্যবহৃত হয় এবং Imperative sentence হয়।

৭৬০.

Which is the correct passive voice of "Whom did she meet yesterday?"

ক
Who is met by her yesterday?
খ
Who was met by her yesterday?
গ
Who meets by her yesterday?
ঘ
Who had met by her yesterday?

ব্যাখ্যা

→ The correct answer is: Who was met by her yesterday?

⇒ কোনো interrogative sentence যদি Whom দিয়ে শুরু হয়, সেটিকে Passive Voice-এ রূপান্তর করার সময়:
→ Whom-এর পরিবর্তে Who বসাতে হবে।
→ বাক্যের Subject এবং Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
→ মূল Verb-এর Past Participle ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
→ শেষে by যোগ করে Active Voice-এর Subject-এর Object Form যোগ করতে হবে।
→ বাক্যটি Question Mark (?) দিয়ে শেষ করতে হবে।

→ Structure: Who + auxiliary verb (tense অনুযায়ী) + verb-এর past participle + by + object + ?

উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নে Whom এর পরিবর্তে Who হবে। "Did" এর বদলে "was" ব্যবহার হবে, কারণ এটি একটি past tense বাক্য।
- "Met" এর past participle হওয়াতে এটি অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে। শেষে "by her" যোগ হবে।
- এভাবে, Passive Voice হয়ে যাবে: "Who was met by her yesterday?"

Examples:
Active Voice: Whom do you want?
Passive Voice: Who is wanted by you?

৭৬১.

Change the voice: Whom are they looking for?

ক
Whom is looking for by them?
খ
By whom are they looked for?
গ
Who is being looked for by them?
ঘ
Who has been looked for by them?

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: Whom are they looking for?
- Passive: Who is being looked for by them?

• Whom যুক্ত interrogative sentence -এর Passive Voice করার নিয়ম:
- Whom-এর পরিবর্তে Who বসাতে হবে।
- বাক্যের Subject এবং Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
- মূল Verb-এর Past Participle ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
- শেষে by যোগ করে Active Voice-এর Subject-এর Object Form যোগ করতে হবে।
- বাক্যটি Question Mark (?) দিয়ে শেষ করতে হবে।

• Structure: Who + auxiliary verb (tense অনুযায়ী) + verb-এর past participle + by + object + ?

• More Examples:
- Active Voice: Whom do you admire?
- Passive Voice: Who is admired by you?

৭৬২.

She hurt herself. [Passive]

ক
She was hurt by herself.
খ
She was hurt herself.
গ
She herself was hurted.
ঘ
She was being hurt herself.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: ক) She was hurt by herself.

• Reflexive object যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
• Reflexive object গুলো হচ্ছে - himself, myself, themself, ourself etc.
- She hurt herself.
• Structure:
- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর Subject টি অপরিবর্তিত অবস্থায় Passive voice এর Subject হিসাবে প্রথমে বসে + tense ও person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + মূল verb এর past participle form বসে + by বসে + Reflexive object টি বসে।
- She was hurt by herself.

Other Options:
খ) She was hurt herself. → এখানে “by” অনুপস্থিত, তাই অর্থ অসম্পূর্ণ এবং ব্যাকরণগত ভুল।

গ) She herself was hurted. → “hurted” কোনো শব্দ নয়; “hurt” এর past form “hurt” ই থাকে।

ঘ) She was being hurt herself. → এটি continuous tense বোঝায়, কিন্তু মূল বাক্যটি simple past, তাই ভুল।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৭৬৩.

Open the book of NTRCA job solution. (Make it passive)

ক
Let the book of NTRCA job solution be openned.
খ
Let the book of NTRCA job solution be opened.
গ
Let the book of NTRCA job solution being opened.
ঘ
Let the book of NTRCA job solution been opened.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: Open the book of NTRCA job solution.
Passive Voice: Let the book of NTRCA job solution be opened.
→ প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি Imperative Sentence- এ রয়েছে।

• Imperative Sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে,
• শুধুমাত্র মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
→ প্রথমে Let বসে +
→ Object টি Subject রূপে বসে +
→ be বসে +
→ Verb এর past participle বসে।

More Example:
Active Voice: Lock the door.
Passive Voice: Let the door be locked.

৭৬৪.

The passive voice of: People elected him president.

ক
President was elected by people.
খ
He was being elected president by people.
গ
He was elected president by people.
ঘ
He has been elected president by people.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: People elected him president.
- Passive: He was elected president by people.

• Factitive object/complementary object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Pronominal object-টি (me, us, you, them, him, her) /নামবাচক object টির Subjective form বসে।
- Tense ও person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে।
- Factitive object টি বসে।
- by বসে + Subject টির objective form বসে।

• Factitive object: Select, elect, nominate, make, call, name ইত্যাদি transitive verb গুলোর object থাকা সত্ত্বেও সম্পূর্ণরূপে অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে পারে না।
- পরিপূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করার জন্য অতিরিক্ত object আনতে হয়। এইরূপ অতিরিক্ত object কে Factitive object বলে।
- যেমন: We made him captain.

৭৬৫.

Choose the correct passive voice: They agreed to sign the contract.

ক
They agreed that the contract should be signed.
খ
They were agreed to sign the contract.
গ
The contract was agreed by them to sign.
ঘ
The contract is agreed to be signed by them.

ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is - ক) They agreed that the contract should be signed.

- Active: They agreed to sign the contract.
- Passive: They agreed that the contract should be signed.

• Agree/ be anxious/arrange/determine/ be determined/ decide/demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর subject ও verb বসে।
- that বসে।
- infinitive এর পরের Object (direct object) বসে।
- should be বসে।
- infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle বসে।

• More examples:
- Active: She decided to repair the car.
- Passive: She decided that the car should be repaired.

বাকি অপশনগুলোর ব্যাখ্যা:
খ) They were agreed to sign the contract.
- বাক্যটি ভুল, কারণ "agree" সাধারণত এমনভাবে passive হয় না। "They agreed" ঠিক আছে, কিন্তু "They were agreed" নয়।

গ) The contract was agreed by them to sign.
- ভুল গঠন।

ঘ) The contract is agreed to be signed by them.
- মূল বাক্যটি past tense-এ ছিল ("agreed"), এখানে present tense ("is agreed") ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে।

Source:
1. A Passage to the English Language by SM Zakir Hussain.
2. Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.

৭৬৬.

Choose the correct passive form of the sentence: They comforted each other.

ক
Each and Other was comforted by them.
খ
Each was comforted by the other.
গ
Thay were comforted by the each and other.
ঘ
They were comforted by each other.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Reciprocal pronoun (each other, one another) যুক্ত active voice কে passive এ পরিণত করার সময় -
- Pronoun গুলো কখনোই subject হিসেবে বসবে না।
- অর্থাৎ, এদের subject এবং object এর স্থান অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
- tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + main verb এর past participle form বসে।

• Active structure: Subject + verb +reciprocal object.
• Passive: Subject অপরিবর্তিত + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + main verb এর past participle form + reciprocal pronoun.

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active -They comforted each other.
Passive: They were comforted by each other.

৭৬৭.

Identify the correct passive form of
'He is going to open a shop.'

ক
He is being gone to open a shop
খ
A shop is being gone opened by him
গ
A shop will be opened by him
ঘ
A shop is going to be opened by him

ব্যাখ্যা

• সঠিক উত্তর -
- Active: He is going to open a shop.
- Passive: A shop is going to be opened by him.

• 'Be going to' একটি Modal তাই passive করার সময় going এর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- Going to যুক্ত বাক্যের passive করার সময়, Going to + be + verb এর past participle হয়।

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।

৭৬৮.

Habib was called a hero for his brave behaviour. (Make it active)

ক
People called Habib a hero for his brave behaviour.
খ
It was hero Habib was called for his brave behaviour.
গ
Hero for his brave behaviour was called to Habib.
ঘ
People did call Habib a hero for being his brave behaviour.

ব্যাখ্যা

• আমজনতার সাথে Related কাজ হলে Subject হিসেবে People বসাতে হবে।
- প্রথমে People বসাতে হবে।
- মূল Verb এর ঠিক আগের 'be' Verb 'was' বাদ যাবে।
- মূল Verb এর ঠিক আগের 'be' Verb এর গঠন অনুযায়ী মূল Verb বসবে।
- Subject টি Object হবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।

- Passive Voice: Habib was called a hero for his brave behaviour.
- Active Voice: People called Habib a hero for his brave behaviour.

৭৬৯.

“You are requested not to touch the exhibits”. (Make it active)

ক
Please you are requested to stop touching the exhibits.
খ
You are requested to stop touching the exhibits.
গ
Do not touch the exhibits.
ঘ
Kindly do not touch the exhibits.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive voice কে Active voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম:
- Passive voice এর object‌ টি Active Voice এর subject হয়,
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে,
- মূল verb এর base form হয়,
- Passive voice এর subject টি Active voice এর object হয়,
- তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) উঠে যায়।

• Passive voice এ “You are requested to” থাকলে active voice এ please/ kindlily ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - Kindly do not touch the exhibits.

৭৭০.

Change the voice into passive:
Who is creating this mess?

ক
Who has been created this mess?
খ
By whom has this mess been created?
গ
By whom is this mess being created?
ঘ
By whom this mess is being created?

ব্যাখ্যা

Who is creating this mess?

The question is in the present continuous tense.
So, Passive voice structure will be:
⇒ By whom + am/is/are (changes with subject) + Object as subject + being + past participle?

According to rules,
Active Voice: Who is creating this mess?
Passive Voice: By whom is this mess being created?

৭৭১.

A song was sung by Oni. (passive)

ক
Oni has sung a song.
খ
Oni sang a song.
গ
Oni was sang a song.
ঘ
Oni sung a song.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive voice কে Active voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম:
- Passive voice এর object‌ টি Active Voice এর subject হয়,
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে,
- Passive voice এর subject টি Active voice এর object হয়,
- তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) উঠে যায়।

• Past Indefinite Tense এর active voice কে passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার সময় was/were + verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- তাই was/were + verb এর Past Participle যুক্ত Passive Voice এর Active Voice Past Indefinite Tense এ হবে।

Active: A song was sung by Oni.
Passive: Oni sang a song.

৭৭২.

Change the voice: Fahim gave the beggar an old T-shirt.

ক
An old t-shirt was given to the beggar by Fahim.
খ
The beggar was given an old t-shirt by Fahim.
গ
By Fahim an old t-shirt was given to the beggar.
ঘ
Both A+ B

ব্যাখ্যা

• প্রশ্ন প্রদত্ত বাক্যে দুইটি object রয়েছে - the beggar and Fahim.
- এর voice change দুইভাবে করা সম্ভব।
- যথা -
- An old t-shirt was given to the beggar by Fahim.
- The beggar was given an old t-shirt by Fahim

• Active voice এ double object থাকলে passive করার নিয়ম:
- দুটি object- এর যেকোনটি subject হিসেবে নেয়া হয় (ব্যক্তিবাচক object-টি পরিবর্তন করা ভাল)
- Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb
- Verb-এর past participle
- অন্য object
- by
- active voice-এর subject-টি object হিসেবে লেখা হয়।

৭৭৩.

Who will organize the event? (change into passive voice)

ক
Who will the event be organized?
খ
Who will the event organized?
গ
By whom will the event organized?
ঘ
By whom will the event be organized?

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: Who will organize the event?
Passive Voice: By whom will the event be organized?
- Who যুক্ত Interrogative sentence এর passive করার ক্ষেত্রে voice টি "By whom" দিয়ে শুরু হয়।

• Who যুক্ত প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্যের passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে By whom বসে,
- তারপর tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে,
- তারপর sub বসে,
- Tense অনুসারে অনেক সময় be/ being/ been বসাতে হয়।
- verb এর past participle form বসে,
- দুটি auxiliary থাকলে একটি subject এর আগে, অপরটি পরে বসে।

Other options:
ক) Who will the event be organized?
- ভুল কারণ, Who যুক্ত Interrogative sentence এর passive করার ক্ষেত্রে voice টি "By whom" দিয়ে শুরু হয়।

খ) Who will the event organized?
- ভুল কারণ, Who যুক্ত Interrogative sentence এর passive করার ক্ষেত্রে voice টি "By whom" দিয়ে শুরু হয়।

গ) By whom will the event organized?
- Who যুক্ত প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্যের passive করার সময় প্রথমে By whom বসে এবং তারপর tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে। যেহেতু future indefinite tense 'will be+ verb এর Past Participle (V3) হয়।

Source: A passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৭৭৪.

The owner agreed to sign the contract. (Make it passive)

ক
The owner agreed that the contract to be signed.
খ
The owner agreed that the contract has to be signed.
গ
The owner agreed that the contract should be signed.
ঘ
The contract was agreed to signed by the owner.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: The owner agreed to sign the contract.
- Passive: The owner agreed that the contract should be signed.

• Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর subject ও verb বসে।
- Linker হিসেবে that বসে।
- Infinitive এর পরের Object (direct object) বসে।
- should be বসে।
- Infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle বসে।

• More examples:
- Active: Urmi decided to sell the apartment.
- Passive: Urmi decided that the apartment should be sold.

৭৭৫.

He begged to stay a little longer. (Make it passive)

ক
He begged that a little longer should be stayed.
খ
He begged that a little longer can be stayed.
গ
He begged that a little longer is being stayed.
ঘ
He begged that a little longer to be stayed.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active Voice: He begged to stay a little longer.
• Passive Voice: He begged that a little longer should be stayed.

• Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:

- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- that বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের Object (direct object) বসবে।
- should be বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle বসবে।

Active: Tumpa decided to sell the house.
Passive: Tumpa decided that the house should be sold.

Active: She refused to accept the offer.
Passive: She refused that the offer should be accepted.

৭৭৬.

Choose the correct passive form of:
"We elected him a member of parliament."

ক
He was elected to a member of parliament by us.
খ
He is a member of parliament elected by us.
গ
He was elected a member of parliament by us.
ঘ
A member of parliament elected by us.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: We elected him a member of parliament.
- Passive: He was elected a member of parliament by us.

• Factitive object/complementary object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Pronominal object -টি (me, us, you, them, him, her) / নামবাচক object টি Subject হিসেবে বসে।
- Tense ও person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে।
- Factitive object টি বসে।
- by বসে + Subject টির objective form বসে।

More example:
- Active: We elected him mayor.
- Passive: He was elected mayor by us.

• Factitive object:
- Select, elect, nominate, make, call, name, ইত্যাদি Factitive verb গুলোর object থাকা সত্ত্বেও সম্পূর্ণরূপে অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে পারে না। পরিপূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করার জন্য অতিরিক্ত object আনতে হয়। এইরূপ অতিরিক্ত object কে Factitive object বলে।
- যেমন: We made him captain.
- এখানে 'captain' হলো Factitive object.

৭৭৭.

Are they preparing the food? (make it passive)

ক
Is the food being prepared by them?
খ
Was the food being prepared by them?
গ
Is the food prepared by them?
ঘ
Are the food being prepared by them?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice: Are they preparing the food?
• Passive voice: Is the food being prepared by them?

• Auxiliary verb যুক্ত Interrogative sentence কে passive করতে গেলে দুই ধাপে করতে হয়।
- প্রথমেই বাক্যটিকে Assertive sentence -এ রূপান্তরিত করে নিতে হয়।
- এরপর Assertive sentence -এর passive voice টি কে Interrogative sentence -এ পরিণত করতে হয়।

• যেমন: Are they preparing the food? এর Assertive হচ্ছে - They are preparing the food.

• Assertive sentence -এর active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম -
- Active voice -এর object টি Passive voice -এর Subject হবে + Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসবে + মূল verb এর past participle form + Active voice -এর subject টি passive -এ object হিসাবে বসে এবং তার পূর্বে preposition by বসে।
- যেমন:
- They are preparing the food.
- The food is being prepared by them.

- এখন এটিকে Interrogative sentence -এ পরিণত করতে হলে, Auxiliary Verb টিকে sentence -এর শুরুতে বসিয়ে, বাক্যের শেষে question mark দিতে হবে।
- যেমন: Is the food being prepared by them?

• অথবা,
• Present Continuous Tense -এর interrogative sentence কে passive voice করার structure:
- Active: Am/Is/Are + Subject + (verb+ing) + object?
- Passive: Am/Is/Are + Subject + being + past participle of verb +by+object?

• Note: আলোচ্য passive voice -এর বাক্যে subject 'The food' - third person singular number হওয়ায় auxiliary verb হিসেবে 'is' হয়েছে।

Source:
1. A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
2. Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.

৭৭৮.

No one follows these instructions. ( Make it passive)

ক
These instructions are not be followed.
খ
These instructions are not followed by nobody.
গ
These instructions are not followed by anyone.
ঘ
Anyone hasn't followed these instructions.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive করতে হলে,
- Active Voice এর Subject – Passive Voice- এ Object হয়।
- Active Voice এর Object – Passive Voice এ- Subject হয়।
- অতিরিক্ত be verb বসে।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- Object এর আগে by বসে।

• এই হিসেবে "No one follows these instructions." এর Passive Voice হওয়া উচিত -
- These instructions are not followed by nobody.
= কিন্তু, Nobody = not anybody: আবার, No one/ None = not anyone.

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active Voice: No one follows these instructions.
Passive Voice: These instructions are not followed by anyone.

More Examples:
Active Voice: Nobody trusts a traitor.
Passive Voice: A traitor is not trusted by anybody.

Active Voice: No one understands her feelings.
Passive Voice: Her feelings are not understood by anyone.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৭৭৯.

The passive voice of: Who is John inviting?

ক
ক) Who is being invited by John?
খ
খ) Who is invited by John?
গ
গ) Whom is invited by John?
ঘ
ঘ) Is some invited by John?

ব্যাখ্যা

active voice এ verb present continuous form এ থাকায় passive voice এ সেটার রূপ হবে auxiliary + being + v3
সুতরাং, Who is John inviting? এই বাক্যের passive form হবে Who is being invited by John?

৭৮০.

Who is calling me? (make it passive)

ক
Whom am I being called by?
খ
By whom am being I called?
গ
By whom I am being called?
ঘ
By whom am I being called?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice এর রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে By whom দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হবে।
- tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- অনেক সময় be/ being/ been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Question mark (?) হয়।

• Active voice: Who is calling me?
• Passive voice: By whom am I being called?

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৭৮১.

Whom did they hire for the vacant position? (Make it passive)

ক
Whom was hired by them for the vacant position?
খ
Whom was hired for the vacant position by them?
গ
Who was hired by them for the vacant position?
ঘ
Who did they hire for the vacant position?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Whom যুক্ত Interrogative sentence এর Active voice কে passive voice এ রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম:
- Whom এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে Who বসে
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে
- by বসে
- Subject টির object form বসে
- প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।
• Structure: Who + Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + মূল verb এর past participle + by + Subject টির object form +?
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - Who was hired by them for the vacant position?

• Example:
Active: Whom is he teaching English?
Passive: Who is being taught English by him?

Active: Whom has he beaten?
Passive: Who has been beaten by him?

৭৮২.

Tanim was not supported by his family members. (Make it Active)

ক
ক) His family members were not supporting Tanim.
খ
খ) His family members did not support Tanim.
গ
গ) Tanim’s family members did not support him.
ঘ
ঘ) Tanim’s family members did not supported him.

ব্যাখ্যা

নিয়ম অনুযায়ী Noun আগে বসে, তারপর তার Pronoun. এ হিসেবে Passive Voice এ Object কে Subject বানিয়ে বসানোর সময় Object এর মধ্যে যে his আছে তাকে পরিবর্তন করে Tanim’s লিখতে হবে। নতুবা his দ্বারা Tanim কে না বুঝিয়ে অন্য কাউকে বুঝাবে।
Negative বাক্যে was/were এর পরিবর্তে did বসাতে হয় এবং মূল verb এর base form বসে।

৭৮৩.

The website is building. (Change into passive)

ক
ক) The website is being built by us.
খ
খ) The website is being built.
গ
গ) A website is being built.
ঘ
ঘ) It is the website which is being build.

ব্যাখ্যা

"The website is building." এই বাক্যটি মূলত "The website is (at the process of) building." এর সংক্ষিপ্ত রূপ।

এখানে Build একটি complement বিহীন quasi passive verb.
Quasi-passive Verb বলতে এমন কিছু verb বুঝায় যেগুলো half active এবং half passive.
যেমন: Sell, build, smell, taste ইত্যাদি হল খুবই প্রচলিত কিছু quasi-passive verb.

যেমন, প্রদত্ত বাক্যটির অর্থ হল: ওয়েবসাইট তৈরি করা হচ্ছে। অর্থাৎ, এই বাক্যটিতে আমরা কোন কর্তা পাচ্ছি না। ওইয়েবসাইট কে তৈরি করছে সে কথা বলা নেই। তাই, এটি passive অর্থ প্রকাশ করে। আবার structure অনুসারে এটি active.

- Quasi-passive verb দুই ধরণের হতে পারে। complement যুক্ত এবং complement বিহীন।
- Quasi-passive Verb যে বাক্যে থাকে তার active এবং passive উভয় form-এর subject একই থাকে।

• Complement বিহীন Quasi-passive voice এর passive form এর structure: subject + be verb (tense ও subject অনুসারে) + main verb এর past participle + extension (যদি থাকে)
সে অনুসারে সঠিক passive form হবে: The website is being built.

• Complement-বিশিষ্ট quasi-passive verb কোন বাক্যে থাকলে তাকে passive করতে হলে এই structure অণুসরণ করতে হয়:
passive: Subject + be-verb + complement +when (if)+it/they + be verb + Verb-এর past participle.
যেমন:
Quasi-passive: The stories read well
Passive: The stories are well when they are read.

৭৮৪.

We remember the coach motivating us before the game. (Make it passive)

ক
We remember to be motivated by the coach before the game.
খ
We remember we were motivated by the coach before the game.
গ
We remember being motivated by the coach before the game.
ঘ
We remember be motivated by the coach before the game.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Voice change এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Active Structure: Subject + like/remember/hate/mind + প্রথম object + (verb + ing) + দ্বিতীয় object + extension.
- এই গঠন যুক্ত বাক্যকে passive এর পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম -
- Passive Structure: Subject + like/remember/hate/mind + being + (verb + ing) এর past participle + extension + by + obj1.

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুসারে -
Active Voice: We remember the coach motivating us before the game.
Passive Voice: We remember being motivated by the coach before the game.

৭৮৫.

Change the voice: The committee has selected the candidates.

ক
ক) The candidates has been selected by the committee.
খ
খ) The candidates will be selected by the committee.
গ
গ) The candidates have been selected by the committee.
ঘ
ঘ) The candidates have selected by the committee.

ব্যাখ্যা

- প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নের সঠিক উত্তর হচ্ছে The candidates have been selected by the committee.

• উল্লেখিত প্রশ্নের বাক্যটি Present Perfect Tense.
• Present perfect tense- কোন বাক্যকে Active থেকে passive এ রূপান্তরিত করতে হলে –
- Auxiliary verb এর পর অতিরিক্ত 'be verb' হিসেবে been বসাতে হয়।
- Subject যদি singular হয় তাহলে auxiliary verb 'has' বসে আবার plural হলে 'have' বসে।

• প্রদত্ত অপশনগুলোতে The candidates have been selected by the committee. বাক্যটি passive করার ক্ষেত্রে subject অনুসারে auxiliary verb 'have' এরপর অতিরিক্ত 'be verb' হিসেবে been বসেছে।

Source: Applied English Grammar and Composition, P.C DAS, English Two, HSC Programme, Open University.

৭৮৬.

The manager has offered him a job.( Change into passive voice)

ক
He has offered a job by the manager.
খ
He has been offered a job by the manager.
গ
He have been offered a job by the manager.
ঘ
The manager has been offered a job by him.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: The manager has offered him a job.
Passive: He has been offered a job by the manager.
- প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি Present Perfect Tense-এ আছে। Present Perfect Tense-এর Active voice কে Passive করার সময় subject অনুযায়ী "have been" বা "has been" + মূল verb এর Past Participle বসে। এখানে 'He' Third Person Singular হওয়ায় 'has been' বসবে।

• Double object যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- দু'টি object এর যেকোন একটিকে passive voice এর Subject করতে হয় (তবে ব্যক্তিবাচক অর্থাৎ Indirect object-কে subject করাই শ্রেয়) +
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে +
- প্রদত্ত মূল verb এর Past Participle বসে +
- প্রদত্ত বাকী object টি বসে+
- by বসে +
- প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject টি object রূপে বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৭৮৭.

People always remember freedom fighters. (passive)

ক
Freedom fighters always being remembered by people.
খ
The Freedom fighters are always being remembered.
গ
Freedom fighters are always remembered.
ঘ
Freedom fighters will always be remembered by people.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Voice,

• Active voice কে Passive Voice- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object টি Passive Voice এর Subject হয়।
- Active Voice এর মূল Verb এর form অনুযায়ী অতিরিক্ত ‘be’ Verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর Past Participle form বসে।
- Active Voice এর subject টি Passive Voice এর Object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।

তবে Active Voice এর Subject People হলে, তা Passive Voice এর Object হিসেবে না লিখলেও চলে।

সে অনুসারে, সঠিক passive form: Freedom fighters are always remembered.

৭৮৮.

The unfed should be fed. (Active)

ক
Feed the unfed.
খ
We should feed the unfed.
গ
Please feed the unfed.
ঘ
They should be feeding the unfed.

ব্যাখ্যা

প্রদত্ত sentence টি passive voice এ আছে।
এর সঠিক Active Voice হবে- Feed the unfed.

এখানে, Subject 'You' ঊহ্য রয়েছে।

৭৮৯.

The student completed the homework before the deadline. (Make it passive)

ক
The homework had been completed by the student before the deadline.
খ
The homework has been completed by the student before the deadline.
গ
The homework was being completed by the student before the deadline.
ঘ
The homework was completed by the student before the deadline.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Past Indefinite Tense এর Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Object টির subject form বসে,
- was/were বসে,
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে,
- by বসে,
- subject টির objective form বসে।

Active Voice: The student completed the homework before the deadline.
Passive Voice: The homework was completed by the student before the deadline.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৭৯০.

Never speak ill of others. (Change the voice)

ক
Let not ill of others ever be spoken.
খ
Let ill of others never be spoken.
গ
Let never be spoken ill of others.
ঘ
Let not ill of others spoken by you.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice: Never speak ill of others.
• Passive voice: Let not ill of others ever be spoken.

• Never যুক্ত Imperative sentence -কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let never বসে + Active বাক্যের object হবে subject + be বসে + মূল verb -এর past participle বসে।

• More examples:
- Active voice: Never tell a lie.
- Passive voice: Let never a lie be told.

• Note: প্রথমে Let not বসিয়েও Passive করা যায়।
- এক্ষেত্রে Structure হলো - Let not + object + ever + be + V₃.
- যেমন:
- Active voice: Never tell a lie.
- Passive voice: Let not a lie ever be told.

৭৯১.

Change the voice: Lipa sings a song.

ক
A song was sing by Lipa.
খ
A song is being sing by Lipa.
গ
A song is sung by Lipa.
ঘ
A song is sing by Lipa.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:

• Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
• Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
• তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
• Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
• তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।

Active voice: Lipa sings a song.
Passive voice: A song is sung by Lipa.

৭৯২.

The killing of the bird was one of the worst tasks that He had done. (Make it positive)

ক
The killing of the bird was not as bad as other tasks that he had done.
খ
No other task that he had done was as bad as the killing of the bird.
গ
Very few task that he had done was as bad as the killing of the bird.
ঘ
Very few tasks that he had done were as bad as the killing of the bird.

ব্যাখ্যা

এখানে The killing of the bird কে other tasks that he had done এর সাথে তুলনা করা হয়েছে।

আমরা জানি, Superlative কে Positive করতে হলে চারটি কাজ করতে হয়:
1. Subject (যাকে তুলনা করা হয়) Object (যার সাথে তুলনা করা হয়) এর জায়গায় বসে, আর Object - Subject এর জায়গায় বসে।
2. Affirmative - Negative হয় / Negative - Affirmative হয়। One of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree থাকলে Very few (negative এর প্রায় কাছাকাছি word) বসে।
3. Degree change হয়।
4. Indicator (the => so...as, as...as) Change হয়।

Structure: One of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree থাকলে :-
Very few + Object (যার সাথে তুলনা করা হয়) Subject হয়ে বসবে + Plural Verb + as/ so + Positive Degree + as + Subject – Object এর জায়গায় বসবে।

এ হিসেবে সঠিক উত্তর (ঘ)।

৭৯৩.

I shall not be flying a kite then. (Make it passive)

ক
A kite will not being flown by me then.
খ
A kite will not be being flown by me now.
গ
A kite will not be flown by me then.
ঘ
A kite will not be being flown by me then.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active থেকে passive রূপান্তর করার প্রক্রিয়া:
a) Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়ে যায়।
b) Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject এ রুপান্তর হয়।
c) মূল verb এর past participle হয় এবং subject ও tense অনুসারে auxiliary verb/be verb হয়।

• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত - I shall not be flying a kite then - বাক্যটি Future continuous tense এ আছে।
• Future continuous tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
- Structure: Object টি subject হবে+ shall be being/will be being + verb এর past participle form + by + subject টি object.

Example:
Active: They will be playing football.
Passive: Football will be being by them.

• তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে - A kite will not be being flown by me then.

৭৯৪.

Which one is a compound sentence?

ক
ক) Work hard, without it you can not prosper in life.
খ
খ) Work hard to prosper in life.
গ
গ) Without working hard, you will not prosper in life.
ঘ
ঘ) Work hard or you will not prosper in life..

ব্যাখ্যা

A compound sentence is a sentence that connects two independent clauses, typically with a coordinating conjunction like and or but.
They’re best for combining two or more self-sufficient and related sentences into a single, unified one.

৭৯৫.

Make the sentence passive: "Open the door."

ক
Let the door is opened.
খ
Let the door be opened.
গ
You are requested to open the door.
ঘ
The door had be open.

ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is - খ) Let the door be opened.

- Imperative sentence- এ আদেশ, অনুরোধ, উপদেশ ইত্যাদি বোঝালে বাক্যের প্রথমে Let যোগ করে Passive করা হয়।
- Let দিয়ে Passive voice এর বাক্যটি শুরু হবে।
- Active voice এর object টি Passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- be বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।

- Active: Open the door.
- Passive: Let the door be opened.

• Example:
- Active: Tell him to go.
- Passive: Let him be told to go.

- Active: Do this work.
- Passive: Let this work be done.

Source: Applied English Grammar and Composition, P.C. DAS.

৭৯৬.

Change the voice: The teacher was addressing the students.

ক
The students were being addressed by the teacher.
খ
The students was addressed by the teacher.
গ
The students was being addressed by the teacher.
ঘ
The students is addressed by the teacher.

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয়
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb
- মূল verb এর past participle
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয়
- তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।

Active Voice: The teacher was addressing the students.
Passive Voice: The students were being addressed by the teacher.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English.

৭৯৭.

The active form of the sentence 'that house was built ten years ago' is

ক
Someone built the house ten years ago.
খ
We had built the house ten years ago.
গ
Somebody had built the house ten years ago.
ঘ
They built the house ten years ago.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive voice কে Active voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম:
- Passive voice এর object‌ টি Active Voice এর subject হয়,
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে,
- মূল verb এর base form হয়,
- Passive voice এর subject টি Active voice এর object হয়,
- তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) উঠে যায়।
- Passive voice এ ‘by+object’ অংশটি উহ্য থাকলে বা বাক্যে ক্রিয়ার কর্তা দেয়া না থাকলে passive থেকে active করার সময় একটি সুবিধাজনক কর্তা যেমন- someone, somebody, people, the authority ইত্যাদি ধরে নিতে হবে।

• উক্ত প্রশ্নের ক্ষেত্রে house কে বানিয়েছে সেটা জানা না থাকায় Someone (কেউ) subject হিসেবে বসবে।
- প্রদত্ত passive voice টি past indefinite tense এ আছে, তাই active এও তা past indefinite tense এ থাকবে।

• সঠিক উত্তর হবে - Someone built the house ten years ago.

৭৯৮.

Let me do this.

ক
ক) Let us do this.
খ
খ) This is to be done by me.
গ
গ) Let this be done by me.
ঘ
ঘ) Let I do this.
ঙ
ঙ) None of the above

ব্যাখ্যা

Let this be done by me.
If a sentence is started with Let the passive voice of that sentence also be started with Let.
Rule :
Let + Subject + be + V3 + Other agents.

৭৯৯.

Who will help you? (Make it passive)

ক
By whom you be helped?
খ
By whom you will be helped?
গ
By whom will you be helped?
ঘ
Whom will you help?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে।
- এরপর Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী modal auxiliary Verb বসাতে হয়।
- Object টি Subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী subject এরপর be/being/been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

• Structure: By whom + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + obj + be + verb এর পর past particle + extension.

Example:
Active Voice: Who will help you?
Passive Voice: By whom will you be helped?

৮০০.

Even a little mouse may help a lion. (make it passive)

ক
A lion may helped even by a little mouse.
খ
A lion may be helped even by a little mouse.
গ
A lion may be helped even to a little mouse.
ঘ
A lion is being helped even by a little mouse.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active voice: Even a little mouse may help a lion.
Passive voice: A lion may be helped even by a little mouse.

• Modals Verbs: Shall, Should, will, would, may, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to, have to, has to, due to, owing to, knowing to, like to, prefer to, forward to, is to, am to, are to যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম-
- Active voice এর Object টি Passive voice এ Subject হিসাবে বসবে,
- May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to এরপর be হবে,
- Verb এর past participle form হবে,
- Preposition হিসেবে by হবে,
- Active voice এর Subject টি Passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসবে।

• এ বাক্যে Object হচ্ছে "A lion" এবং এটি এখন Subject হিসাবে বসবে,
- পরে may be বসবে
- Verb (help) এর Past participle form - helped বসবে
- by+ Subject "A little mouse" এখন object হিসাবে বসবে,

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.