Active and Passive Voice

PrepBank · পাতা ৫ / ১৩ · ৪০১–৫০০ / ১,২৭৭

৪০১.

They agreed to sign the contract. (passive)

ক
They agreed that the contract has to be signed.
খ
They agreed that the contract is being signed.
গ
They agreed that the contract to be signed.
ঘ
They agreed that the contract should be signed.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:

- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- that বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের Object (direct object) বসবে।
- should be বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle বসবে।

Active: Proma decided to sell the house.
Passive: Proma decided that the house should be sold.

Active: They agreed to sign the contract.
Passive: They agreed that the contract should be signed.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪০২.

Change the voice: Her writing embodies the essence of freedom.

ক
The essence of freedom is embodied by her writing.
খ
The essence of freedom has embodied with her writing.
গ
The essence of freedom is embodied in her writing.
ঘ
The essence of freedom is embodied to her writing.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: Her writing embodies the essence of freedom.
Passive: The essence of freedom is embodied in her writing.

• Active থেকে passive রূপান্তর করার প্রক্রিয়া:
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়ে যায়।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject এ রুপান্তর হয়।
- মূল verb এর past participle হয় এবং subject ও tense অনুসারে auxiliary verb/be verb হয়।

• সাধারণত, আমরা জানি passive voice এ obj. এর পূর্বে by বসে।
- তবে কখনো কখনো অন্যান্য preposition ও ব্যবহৃত হয়ে থাকে।
- কিছু verb আছে যেগুলোর পরে passive এ in বসে।
- যেমন: Embody, Contain, Include ইত্যাদি।

• Present indefinite tense কে passive voice করতে হলে am/is/are + মূল verb এর past participle ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• আরো একটি উদাহরণ,
Active: 'My teacher embodies all the good qualities'.
Passive: 'All the good qualities are embodied in my teacher.'

৪০৩.

"Her behaviour surprised me."
What is the correct passive form?

ক
I was surprised to her behavior.
খ
I was surprised by her behavior.
গ
I was surprised at her behavior.
ঘ
I was surprised of her behavior.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active voice: Her behaviour surprised me.
- Passive voice: I was surprised at her behavior.

• Past indefinite tense যুক্ত বাক্যকে passive করার নিয়ম-
- Active voice এর object প্রথমে subject হিসেবে বসে।
- auxiliary verb হিসেবে was/were বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active এর voice এর subject টি object হিসেবে বসে।

- Active voice এ verb হিসাবে 'surprise' থাকলে এবং verb টির পর বস্তু (আচরণ, কর্ম, গুণ ইত্যাদি) বুঝালে at বসে; ব্যক্তি (person) বুঝালে with বসে।

- প্রদত্ত বাক্যে Her behaviour দ্বারা আচরণ বুঝানো হয়েছে।
- সুতরাং, সঠিক passive from হবে- I was surprised at her behavior.

৪০৪.

The financial regulations are examined by Bangladesh Bank before implementation. (Active)

ক
Bangladesh Bank had examined the financial regulations before implementation.
খ
Bangladesh Bank has examined the financial regulations before implementation.
গ
Bangladesh Bank examines the financial regulations before implementation.
ঘ
Bangladesh Bank is examining the financial regulations before implementation.

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive Voice: The financial regulations are examined by Bangladesh Bank before implementation.
Active Voice: Bangladesh Bank examines the financial regulations before implementation. (অপশন 'গ')

• Present indefinite tencse যুক্ত Passive Voice কে Active Voice করার নিয়ম -
→ প্রদও বাক্যটি paasive form- এ রয়েছে।
→ active voice- এ রূপান্তর করার সময় প্রথমে 'by' এর পরে object = Bangladesh Bank, active voice- এ subject রূপে বসেছে।
→ by উঠে গেছে।
→ passive voice- এ auxiliary verb = are, active voice- এ উঠে গেছে।
→ 'are' এর পর principal verb এর past participle form = examined, active voice- এ 'examines' হয়েছে।
→ passive voice এর subject = The financial regulations, active voice- এ object হিসেবে বসেছে।
→ before implementation = extension হিসেবে active voice- এ বসেছে।

৪০৫.

I was helped to complete the design by Himu. (Make it active)

ক
Himu helped me to complete the work.
খ
Himu helps me to complete the work.
গ
Himu helped me complete the work.
ঘ
Himu helps me complete the work.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Make, need, dare, bare, hear, feel, know, ইত্যাদি causative verb গুলোর পর active voice এ bare infinitive অর্থাৎ to উহ্য থাকে।
- কিন্তু passive এ পরিবর্তন করবার সময় তাদের পর to বসাতে হয়।

- তাই প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত I was helped to complete the design by Himu. - বাক্যটিকে active করার সময় -
- প্রথমে object টি subject রূপে বসবে + causative verb + subject টি object রূপে বসবে + main verb বসবে।
- to উঠে যাবে।

Passive: I was helped to complete the design by Himu.
Active: Himu helped me complete the work.

৪০৬.

What did Tesla invent? (Make it Passive)

ক
ক) What was done by Tesla to invent?
খ
খ) By what was Tesla invented?
গ
গ) What is invented by Tesla?
ঘ
ঘ) What was invented by Tesla?

ব্যাখ্যা

এখানে What- Object, এবং Tesla – Subject.
Passive এ Subject হলে What-What ই থাকবে। did এর পরিবর্তে Number Person অনুযায়ী was/ were বসবে + Verb এর Past Participle বসবে + by + Object বসবে।

সে অনুসারে সঠিক Passive form হচ্ছে - What was invented by Tesla?

৪০৭.

The teacher will be teaching the students. [Passive]

ক
The students will be being taught by the teacher.
খ
The students will have been taught by the teacher.
গ
The students will be taught by the teacher.
ঘ
The students be being taught by the teacher.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Future continuous Tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম -
- object টি subject রূপে বসে।
- shall be being/ will be being বসে।
- মুল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- এরপর by বসে।
- সবশেষে subject এর objective form বসে।

Active: The mentor will be advising us.
Passive: We shall be being advised by the mentor.

Active: The teacher will be teaching the students.
Passive: The students will be being taught by the teacher.

Other options,
খ) The students will have been taught by the teacher.
- এটি Future Perfect Passive, Future Continuous নয়।

গ) The students will be taught by the teacher.
- এটি Simple Future Passive.

ঘ) The students be being taught by the teacher.
- এখানে will নেই, তাই structure ভুল।

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪০৮.

Identify the correct passive form of 'The company has ordered some new equipment'.

ক
ক) Some new equipment has been ordered by the company.
খ
খ) The company has been ordered some new equipment.
গ
গ) Some new equipment has been order by the company.
ঘ
ঘ) Some new equipment has being ordered by the company.

ব্যাখ্যা

- প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নের সঠিক passive voice হচ্ছে Some new equipment has been ordered by the company.

Active থেকে Passive করার নিয়ম:
Active: Subject + has/have/had + verb in past participle + object.
Example: The company has ordered some new equipment.
Passive: 'active' এর object 'subject' হবে + has/have/had + been + verb in past participle + by + 'active' এর subject 'object' হবে।
Example: Some new equipment has been ordered by the company.

Source: CLIFFS TOEFL.

৪০৯.

Who doesn't know William Shakespeare? (Make it passive)

ক
By whom isn't William Shakespeare known?
খ
To whom isn't William Shakespeare known?
গ
By whom William Shakespeare isn't known?
ঘ
Whom doesn't known to William Shakespeare?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Who যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম-
- Structure: Who এর পরিবর্তে By whom + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + object এর subject + verb এর past participle form + ?.

• কিন্তু প্রশ্ন প্রদত্ত বাক্যে মূল Verb হচ্ছে know.
- আর আমরা জানি, know থাকলে passive voice এ by এর পরিবর্তে to বসে।
- অতএব, এখানে by whom না বসে to whom বসবে।

Active: Who doesn't know William Shakespeare?
Passive: To whom isn't William Shakespeare known?

৪১০.

Change the voice: The window was closed.

ক
Someone close the window.
খ
Someone has close the window.
গ
Someone closed the window.
ঘ
The window was being closed.

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ অনির্দিষ্ট যে কারো দ্বারা কাজটি সম্পাদিত হলে Subject someone/somebody বসাতে হবে।

• প্রথমে subject হিসেবে Someone বসাতে হবে।
- তারপর was বাদ দিতে হবে।
- মূল verb কে past tense এ বসাতে হবে।
- Subject টি Object হবে।

Passive: The window was closed.
Active: Someone closed the window.

৪১১.

Don’t forget your assignment. (Change the voice)

ক
Your assignment won’t be forgotten.
খ
Your assignment won’t be forgot.
গ
Let your assignment not forgotten.
ঘ
Let not assignment should not forgoten.
ঙ
Let not your assignment be forgotten.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Imperative Sentence কে Active Voice থেকে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:

এক্ষেত্রে,
• Do not দিয়ে শুরু যুক্ত Imperative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let not বসে,
- Objectটি subject রূপে বসে,
- be বসে,
- মূল Verb-এর Past Participle বসে।

সে অনুসারে,
- Active Voice: Don’t forget your assignment.
- Passive Voice: Let not your assignment be forgotten.

৪১২.

Change the sentence into passive voice:
I had not completed my work before my boss came.

ক
My work had not completed by me before my boss came.
খ
My work had not been completed by me before my boss came.
গ
My work was not completed by me before my boss came.
ঘ
My boss came before I had completed my work.

ব্যাখ্যা

• I had not completed my work before my boss came- এই sentence টি Past Perfect Tense এ আছে।

not যুক্ত Past perfect tense এর Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Object টি subject হবে + had not been + Verb এর past participle + by + Subject টি object হবে + clause.
- তাই সঠিক উত্তরটি হচ্ছে: My work had not been completed by me before my boss came.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৪১৩.

Which of the following is the correct passive form of: "They are going to announce the winner"?

ক
The winner is announced by them.
খ
The winner will be announced by them.
গ
The winner is going to be announced by them.
ঘ
The winner was going to be announced by them.

ব্যাখ্যা

→ The correct passive form of "They are going to announce the winner" is: গ) The winner is going to be announced by them.

Active Voice থেকে Passive Voice-এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
→ Object becomes Subject: Active Voice-এ যা Object ছিল, Passive Voice-এ সেটি Subject হয়ে যায়।
→ Be verb is added: Active Voice-এ যে verb থাকে, Passive Voice-এ তার সাথে 'be' verb যোগ করা হয়, যা verb এর tense অনুযায়ী হবে।
→ Past Participle of the verb: Active Voice-এ যে verb থাকে, Passive Voice-এ তার Past Participle form ব্যবহার করা হয়।
→ Subject becomes Object: Active Voice-এ যে Subject ছিল, Passive Voice-এ সেটি Object হয়ে যায়, এবং এর আগে "by" (বা অন্যান্য Preposition) যোগ হয়।

→ May, might, can, could, must, ought to, be going to যুক্ত Active Voice-কে Passive Voice-এ রূপান্তর করার সময়: এগুলোর পর 'be' বসে এবং তার পরেই verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

বাক্যটি "They are going to announce the winner" এর Passive Voice করার নিয়ম অনুযায়ী:
Active Voice: "They" (Subject) are going to announce (Verb) the winner (Object)।
Passive Voice: Object (the winner) হয়ে যাবে Subject, "are going to" হয়ে যাবে "is going to be" (auxiliary verb), এবং মূল verb "announce" এর Past Participle form "announced" হবে। "By them" পরে থাকবে।
তাহলে সঠিক Passive form হবে: "The winner is going to be announced by them."

৪১৪.

Passive voice of the given sentence:
This fabric feels soft.

ক
Soft is felt by the fabric.
খ
The fabric is soft when it is felt.
গ
It is felt soft.
ঘ
Fabric felt soft.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active: This fabric feels soft.
• Passive: The fabric is soft when it is felt.

Quasi- Passive Voice:
• Quasi-Passive voice গঠনগত দিক দিয়ে Active কিন্তু অর্থের দিক দিয়ে Passive, একে নিম্নলিখিত উপায়ে Active থেকে Passive-এ রূপান্তর করা যায়।
যেমন:
- Sub + is + Adjective/Adverb + When + It + is + Linking verb (Verb past participle).

More examples:
• Honey testes sweet.
- Honey is sweet when it is tested.
• The rose smells sweet.
- The rose is sweet when it is smelt.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৪১৫.

'Did you eat the apple?' বাক্যটির Passive form হবে-

ক
ক) Do the apple eaten by you?
খ
খ) Was the apple eaten by you?
গ
গ) Was the apple eat by you?
ঘ
ঘ) Was the apple ate by you?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:

• Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।
- Active Voice এ Auxiliary Verb হিসেবে did থাকলে Passive Voice এ এটাকে বাদ দিয়ে তার জায়গায় was/ were বসে আর মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

• সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active voice: 'Did you eat the apple?'
Passive voice: Was the apple eaten by you?

৪১৬.

Whom did you see on the road? (Passive)

ক
Whom was seen by you on the road?
খ
Who was seen by you on the road?
গ
Who were seen by you on the road?
ঘ
Who has seen by you on the road?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Whom যুক্ত Interrogative sentence এর Active voice কে passive voice এ রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম:
- Whom এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে Who বসে
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে
- by বসে
- Subject টির object form বসে
- প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।
• Structure: Who + Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + মূল verb এর past participle + by + Subject টির object form +?

Active: Whom did you see on the road?
Passive: Who was seen by you on the road?

৪১৭.

They were repairing the road. (Change the voice)

ক
The road was being repair by them.
খ
The road was being repaired by them.
গ
The road was been repaired by them.
ঘ
They were being repaired the road.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: খ) The road was being repaired by them.

• Past continuous tense এর ক্ষেত্রে Active voice থেকে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি Passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- Subject অনুযায়ী was being/ were being বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।
- Structure: Object এর subject + Subject অনুযায়ী was being/ were being + মূল verb
- এর past participle form + by + Subject এর object.

Active Voice: They were repairing the road.
Passive Voice: The road was being repaired by them.

৪১৮.

Why do you waste time?

ক
Why is time wasted by you?
খ
Why is time been wasted by you?
গ
Why has time been wasted by you?
ঘ
Why is time being wasted by you?

ব্যাখ্যা

উল্লেখিত প্রশ্নের Passive voice হচ্ছে Why is time being wasted by you?
• কোনো বাক্য যখন WH word যেমন: Who, Which, whom, where, when, why, whose, whom, and how দিয়ে শুরু হয় তখন passive voice WH-word দিয়ে শুরু হয়ে থাকে।

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর Wh word টি প্রথমে বসে
- Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসাতে হয়।
- Object টি Subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/being/been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- সবার শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।
- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - Why is time wasted by you?

Example:
Active Voice: Why did you not agree to my proposal?
Passive Voice: Why was my proposal not agreed to by you?

৪১৯.

Who wrote this sentence?(make it passive)

ক
By whom has this sentence written?
খ
By whom was this sentence be written?
গ
By whom had this sentence written?
ঘ
By whom was this sentence written?

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: By whom was this sentence written?
- Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিণত করার সময় Who এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে।

• Interrogative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে।
- Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসাতে হয়।
- Object টি Subject হয়।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- সবার শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।

Other options:
ক) By whom has this sentence written?
- Past indefinite tense যুক্ত Interrogative sentence এর voice change এর সময় Object +'was' বা 'were'+ মূল verb এর (past participle) হয়। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

খ) By whom was this sentence be written?
- Past indefinite tense যুক্ত Interrogative sentence এর voice change এর সময় Object +'was' বা 'were'+ মূল verb এর (past participle) হয়। এখানে 'Be' যুক্ত করার প্রয়োজন নেই।

গ) By whom had this sentence written?
- Past indefinite tense যুক্ত Interrogative sentence এর voice change এর সময় Object +'was' বা 'were'+ মূল verb এর (past participle) হয়। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৪২০.

The correct passive form of the sentence:
Who will help the visitors?

ক
By whom will the visitors be helped?
খ
By whom the visitor will be helped?
গ
By whom the visitors would be helped?
ঘ
Who will the visitors be helped to?

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: Who will help the visitors?
- Passive: By whom will the visitors be helped?

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice -এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে।
- এরপর Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী modal auxiliary Verb বসাতে হয়।
- Object টি Subject হয়
- Tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/being/been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- সবার শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।

• Structure: By whom + auxiliary verb + subject + V3+ ?

• More Examples:
- Active: Who has broken the glasses?
- Passive: By whom have the glasses been broken?

৪২১.

We ought to respect our elders. (Make it passive)

ক
Our elders are ought to be respected by us.
খ
Our elders ought to be respected by us.
গ
Our elders are ought to respect by us.
ঘ
Our elders ought to respect by us.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।

• May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার সময় এদের পরে be বসে এবং তার পরেই মূল verb- এর Past Participle বসে।

Structure: Object টির subject form + may/ might/can/could/must/ought to/going to + be + মূল verb- এর Past Participle + Subject- টির Object form.

Active Voice: We ought to respect our elders.
Passive Voice: Our elders ought to be respected by us.

৪২২.

'Suzon taught me to read Arabic' বাক্যটির Passive form হবে-

ক
ক) I have been taught by Suzon to read Arabic.
খ
খ) I had been taught by Suzon to read Arabic.
গ
গ) I was taught by Suzon to read Arabic.
ঘ
ঘ) I was being taught by Suzon to read Arabic.

ব্যাখ্যা

Voice change এর সাধারণ নিয়ম অনুসারে ব্যক্তিবাচক object (me) কে passive voice এর subject (I) তে রূপান্তর করা হয়েছে।
আবার যেহেতু প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যটি past indefinite tense এর তাই passive voice এ auxiliary verb হিসেবে was ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।

৪২৩.

Identify the active voice of the sentence:
"The cake was baked by mother."

ক
Mother bakes the cake.
খ
Mother baked the cake.
গ
Mother has baked the cake.
ঘ
Mother will bake the cake.

ব্যাখ্যা

• সঠিক উত্তর: খ) Mother baked the cake.

- Passive Voice: The cake was baked by mother.
- Tense: Past Indefinite (Simple Past)
- Structure: was/were + V3 (Past participle of Verb)

- Active Voice গঠনের নিয়ম (Past Indefinite):
- Subject + V2 (Past form of verb) + object

- Mother (subject) + baked (Past form of bake) + the cake (object).
→ Mother baked the cake.

• Other options:
ক) Mother bakes the cake. → Present Indefinite.

গ) Mother has baked the cake. → Present Perfect.

ঘ) Mother will bake the cake. → Future tense.

- Passive → Active:
- Passive: The cake was baked by mother.
- Active: Mother baked the cake.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৪২৪.

Buy the pencil. (Make it passive)

ক
The pencil should bought.
খ
Let the pencil be bought.
গ
Let the pencil bought.
ঘ
The pencil would be bought.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Imperative Sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে,
শুধুমাত্র মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
i) প্রথমে Let বসে +
ii) Object টি Subject রূপে বসে +
iii) be বসে +
iv) Verb এর past participle বসে।
- সেক্ষেত্রে শেষে by + subject ব্যবহার না করলেও হয়।

Active: Buy the pencil.
Passive: Let the pencil be bought.

৪২৫.

Proma decided to sell the house. (passive)

ক
Proma decided that the house should be sold.
খ
Proma decided that the house is being sold.
গ
Proma decided that the house should been sold.
ঘ
Proma decides that the house should be sold.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:

- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- that বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের Object (direct object) বসবে।
- should be বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle বসবে।

Active: Proma decided to sell the house.
Passive: Proma decided that the house should be sold.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪২৬.

Identify the correct passive form of - Do you want it?

ক
ক) Was it wanted by you?
খ
খ) Is it wanted by you?
গ
গ) Were it wanted by you?
ঘ
ঘ) Have it wanted by you?

ব্যাখ্যা

• সঠিক উত্তর হচ্ছে Is it wanted by you?

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Do/did/does যুক্ত কোনো sentence কে passive করতে subject ও tense অনুযায়ী is/are/was/were করতে হয়।
- subject বসে এবং past participle verb + by + object হয়।

Example:
Active: Can they solve this?
Passive: Can this be solved by them?
Active: What do you want?
Passive: What is wanted by you?

৪২৭.

The passive form of the sentence 'Did the boy catch a bird?' is-

ক
ক) Was a bird catching by the boy?
খ
খ) Was the boy caught by a bird?
গ
গ) Did the bird was caught by the boy?
ঘ
ঘ) Was a bird caught by the boy?

ব্যাখ্যা

Do/Does/Did দ্বারা শুরু Interrogative sentence কে passive করার নিয়মঃ
Active: Do/Does/Did + subject + verb (base form) + object
Passive: am/is/are/was/were + object + v3 + by + subject
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - Was a bird caught by the boy?

৪২৮.

He made me clean the room. [passive]

ক
The room was cleaned by me.
খ
I was made to clean the room by him.
গ
I was made clean the room to him.
ঘ
I made to clean the room by him.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Need, bid, dare, make, hear, feel, let, know, behold, watch ইত্যাদি verb গুলোর পর Active voice এর উহ্য থাকে।
- তবে passive করার সময় তাদের পর 'to' বসে।

Active: He made me clean the room.
Passive: I was made to clean the room by him.

- এখানে Active voice এ 'made' থাকায় passive করার সময় 'to' বসবে।

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition.

৪২৯.

Who has seen the new movie? (Make it passive)

ক
Who has the new movie been seen by?
খ
By whom has the new movie seen?
গ
Whom has the new movie seen?
ঘ
Who has been the new movie seen?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Who দ্বারা শুরু হওয়া বাক্যের ক্ষেত্রে passive voice এর শুরুতে By whom বসে।

- তারপর একটি auxiliary verb তারপর sentence এর subject বসে; auxiliary verb টি subject এর number ও person অনুযায়ী হয়।

• তবে আরেকটি নিয়মানুযায়ী,

- প্রথমে By whom না বসিয়ে পরেও বসানো যায়।

- আর এ ক্ষেত্রে whom না বসিয়ে Who দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু এবং by দিয়ে বাক্য শেষ হয়।

অর্থাৎ,
Active Voice: Who has seen the new movie?
Passive Voice: Who has the new movie been seen by?

- অন্য নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - By whom has the new movie been seen?

৪৩০.

The chef will be preparing the meals. (passive)

ক
The meals will be been prepared by the chef.
খ
The meal will be being prepared by the chef.
গ
The meals will be prepare by the chef.
ঘ
The meals will be being prepared by the chef.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: The chef will be preparing the meals.
Passive: The meals will be being prepared by the chef.

• Future continuous Tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম -
- object টি subject রূপে বসে।
- shall be being/ will be being বসে।
- মুল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- এরপর by বসে।
- সবশেষে subject এর objective form বসে।

Active: The government will be implementing new policies.
Passive: New policies will be being implemented by the government.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪৩১.

Change the voice: One should take care of one's family.

ক
Family should be take care of.
খ
We should take care of one's family
গ
Family should be taken care of.
ঘ
One's family should be taken care of.

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• One + should যুক্ত Sentence কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে object টি Subject রূপে বসে
- should be বসে
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

Active Voice: One should take care of one's family.
Passive Voice: Family should be taken care of.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪৩২.

Identify the correct passive form: 'Do not throw garbage in the river.'

ক
Throwing garbage into the river should not be done.
খ
Let not garbage be thrown in the river.
গ
The river should not be thrown garbage into.
ঘ
Garbage should be not thrown into the river.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct passive form: Let not garbage be thrown in the river.

• Do not দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Imperative sentence কে Active থেকে passive এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let not বসে।
- Object টির Subject রূপে বসে।
- be বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে।

Structure: প্রথমে Let not বসে + Object টির Subject রূপে বসে + be + মূল verb এর past participle বসে।

Source: Advance Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪৩৩.

'The man is climbing the cliff' বাক্যটির Passive form হবে-

ক
ক) The cliff is climbed by the man.
খ
খ) The cliff is being climbed by the man.
গ
গ) The cliff has been climbed by the man.
ঘ
ঘ) The cliff was being climbed by the man.

ব্যাখ্যা

প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যটি Present continuous tense এ আছে এবং এতে verb হিসেবে আছে ‘is climbing’.
Passive voice এ ‘is climbing’ পরিবর্তিত হয়ে ‘is being climbed’ হয়।
শুধু অপশন (খ) তে ‘is being climbed’ আছে, তাই এটিই সঠিক উত্তর।

৪৩৪.

The passive form of the sentence 'Manners reveal character' is

ক
ক) One's character is revealed by one's manners.
খ
খ) Characters are revealed by one's manners.
গ
গ) Character is revealed by manners.
ঘ
ঘ) Manners are revealing of character.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।
- Structure: Obj কে Sub করতে হবে + Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + Verb এর P.P form + by / to / with + sub কে obj.
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - Character is revealed by manners.

৪৩৫.

People called him wise Solomon. (Make it passive)

ক
ক) He was called wise Solomon.
খ
খ) He was called wise Solomon by people.
গ
গ) He was called wise Solomon by them.
ঘ
ঘ) He had called wise Solomon.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice এ Subject হিসেবে People ,one ইত্যাদি থাকলে Passive করার সময় People / one বাদ দিতে হয়।
যেমন -
One should do one’s duty (active)
=> Duty should be done (passive).

৪৩৬.

Which sentence is written in Passive voice?

ক
ক) The newspapers are read by us daily.
খ
খ) The newspaper has been read daily.
গ
গ) The newspapers daily we need.
ঘ
ঘ) Both A and B are correct.

ব্যাখ্যা

অপশন a ও b উভয়টিতে passive voice এর গঠণ ফলো করা হয়েছে।
অপশন ‍a = (passive) present indefinite tense
অপশন ‍b = (passive) present perfect tense
সুতরাং উভয়টি যেহেতু অপশন d তে উল্লেখ করা হয়েছে তাই উত্তর অপশন d.
অপশন c তে active present indefinite tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।
উৎস: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hossain

৪৩৭.

What did the man invent? (Passive)

ক
ক) What was done by the man to invent?
খ
খ) By what was the man invented?
গ
গ) What is invented by the man?
ঘ
ঘ) What was invented by the man?

ব্যাখ্যা

এখানে What - Object, এবং the man – Subject.
Passive এ Subject হলে What - What ই থাকবে।
did এর পরিবর্তে Number Person অনুযায়ী was/ were বসবে + Verb এর Past Participle বসবে + by + Object বসবে।

সে আনুসারে সঠিক passive form হচ্ছে - What was invented by the man?

৪৩৮.

Select the correct passive form of the given sentence.
She went to buy those books.

ক
Those books had been bought by her.
খ
Those books were bought by her.
গ
Buying of books was done by her.
ঘ
Those books were being bought by her.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active থেকে passive রূপান্তর করার প্রক্রিয়া:
a) Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়ে যায়।
b) Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject এ রুপান্তর হয়।
c) মূল verb এর past participle হয় এবং subject ও tense অনুসারে auxiliary verb/be verb হয়।

Passive এ auxiliary verb ও main verb এর গঠন:
Present tense:
Present indefinite – am/is/are + V3
Present Continuous- am being/is being/ are being + V3
Present Perfect – has been/have been + V3
Past tense:
Past indefinite – was/were + V3
Past Continuous – was being/were being + V3
Past Perfect- had been + V3
Future tense:
Future indefinite – shall be, will be + V3
Future Continuous - shall be being/ will be being + V3
Future Perfect- shall have been/ will have been + V3

So, the correct answer is, “Those books were bought by her”.

বি: দ্র: active এর গঠনের মতো passive এর গঠনগুলো মুখস্ত করে নিলে active থেকে passive রূপান্তর করা খুবই সহজ হয়ে যাবে।
উৎস: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hossain

৪৩৯.

Change into passive: The trainer walked the horse after the race

ক
The horse was walked after the race by the trainer.
খ
After the race, the horse walked by the trainer.
গ
The trainer walked the horse by the race.
ঘ
The horse was walked the trainer after the race.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active Voice Sentence:
- The trainer walked the horse after the race.
- (এখানে "The trainer" কর্তা/subject, "walked" ক্রিয়া/verb, এবং "the horse" কর্ম/object।)

- Passive Voice গঠনের নিয়ম:
- Object + was/were + past participle + by + subject

এখানে:
- Object = the horse
- Verb (past participle) = walked
- Helping verb = was (কারণ "horse" একবচন)
- By + subject = by the trainer

তাই Passive sentence হবে:
- The horse was walked after the race by the trainer.

৪৪০.

Change the voice: The manager advised cancelling the meeting.

ক
The meeting is advised to cancel by the manager.
খ
The manager advised that the meeting should be cancelled.
গ
The meeting should be cancelled by the manager.
ঘ
The manager had advised that the meeting should be cancelled.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active voice: The manager advised cancelling the meeting.
- Passive voice: The manager advised that the meeting should be cancelled.

• Advise/ insist/ propose/ recommend/ suggest + gerund + object যুক্ত active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- that বসে।
- gerund এর পরের object টি বসে।
- should be বসে।
- প্রদত্ত gerund টি verb এ রূপান্তরিত হয়ে তার past participle হয়।

• Structure: Subject + advised + that + object (smoking) + should be + past participle.

- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী বাক্যটির সঠিক passive form টি হলো- খ) The manager advised that the meeting should be cancelled.

৪৪১.

Choose the correct passive voice for the sentence:
"They help the poor."

ক
The poor are helped by them.
খ
The poor are helping by them.
গ
The poor is helped by them.
ঘ
The poor helped by them.

ব্যাখ্যা

The correct passive voice for the sentence is: ক) The poor are helped by them.

• Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয়,
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb,
- মূল verb এর past participle + Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।

- Active voice: "They help the poor"
Passive voice বানানোর নিয়ম: Object + be verb + past participle + by + subject
"The poor" plural হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়, তাই "are" বসবে,
"Help" এর past participle হল "helped".

অতএব, সঠিক passive বাক্য হবে: The poor are helped by them.

৪৪২.

Identify the correct passive form: They completed the work.'

ক
The work is completed by them.
খ
The work has completed.
গ
The work was completed by them.
ঘ
The work completed them.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- Past indefinite tense হলে was/were হয়।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।

Active Voice: They completed the work.
Passive Voice: The work was completed by them.

৪৪৩.

The house is building. (Make it passive)

ক
The house has been built by someone.
খ
The house is building by someone.
গ
The house is being built.
ঘ
The house has been built.

ব্যাখ্যা

• 'The house is building’
- এটি একটি Quasi-Passive বাক্য।
- Quasi-Passive (কর্মকর্তৃবাচ্য) গঠনগত দিক হতে active বুঝালেও অর্থের দিক হতে passive হয়।

• Quasi-Passive জাতীয় বাক্যের Active হতে Passive করার নিয়ম -
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এ বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + being বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।

Example:
- The book is being printed.
- The drums are being beaten.

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী, সঠিক passive form হচ্ছে - The house is being built.

৪৪৪.

I did not buy a book. (make it passive)

ক
A book did not buy by me.
খ
A book did not bought by me.
গ
A book was not bought by me.
ঘ
Was not a book bought by me.

ব্যাখ্যা

Auxiliary verb হিসেবে do/does থাকলে এগুলোর পরিবর্তে am/is/are বসে এবং did থাকলে এর পরিবর্তে was/were বসে।
Active: I did not buy a book.
Passive: A book was not bought by me.

৪৪৫.

Change the voice of the sentence:
I saw him cross the road.

ক
He was seen cross the road.
খ
He is seen to cross the road.
গ
He was seen to cross the road.
ঘ
He was seen crossing the road.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: I saw him cross the road.
- see হলো verb of perception.

- এক্ষেত্রে, Active Voice-এ: bare infinitive রয়েছে।

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- (to + infinitive বসে।)
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।

Passive voice: He was seen to cross the road.

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

৪৪৬.

The mountain was climbed after days of preparation. (Make it active)

ক
After days of preparation the mountain was climbed.
খ
We climbed the mountain after days of preparation.
গ
It was the mountain that was climbed after days of preparation.
ঘ
After days of preparation none climbed the mountain.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive voice কে Active voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম:
- Passive voice এর object‌ টি Active Voice এর subject হয়,
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে,
- মূল verb এর base form হয়,
- Passive voice এর subject টি Active voice এর object হয়,
- তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) উঠে যায়।

• কিন্তু, Sentence-এ ক্রিয়ার কর্তা দেয়া না থাকলে Passive থেকে Active করার সময় একটি সুবিধাজনক কর্তা ধরে নিতে হয়।
- যেমন: someone, somebody, people, We, Some people, the authority ইত্যাদি

নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Passive: The puzzle was solved after hours of concentration.
Active:
- Some people climbed the mountain after days of preparation.
- Somebody climbed the mountain after days of preparation.
- We climbed the mountain after days of preparation.

৪৪৭.

We went to see the launching of the ship.
Change the voice -

ক
We went seeing the ship launched.
খ
We went seeing the ship being launched.
গ
We went to see the ship launched.
ঘ
We went to see the ship being launched.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: We went to see the launching of the ship.
- এখানে, article + verbal noun (launching of) + object (the ship).

• Verbal noun যুক্ত Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- verbal noun এর আগ পর্যন্ত অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।
- Active voice এর object টি বসবে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।

Passive Voice: We went to see the ship being launched.

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

৪৪৮.

His mind was filled with a heavenly peace. (Make it active)

ক
ক) Someone filled his mind with a heavenly peace.
খ
খ) A heavenly peace fill his mind.
গ
গ) A heavenly peace fills his mind.
ঘ
ঘ) A heavenly peace filled his mind.

ব্যাখ্যা

এখানে by এর পরিবর্তে with আছে। তাই a heavenly peace ই Active Voice এ Subject হবে।
আর passive voice টি past tense এ থাকায় active voice ও past tense এ হবে।

৪৪৯.

I know that he stole my money. (Make it passive)

ক
My money was stolen by him and I knew it.
খ
That my money was stolen by him was known to me.
গ
It is known by me that my money was stolen by him.
ঘ
I knew that my money was stolen by him.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Complex এবং compound sentence-যুক্ত Active voice-কে passive-এ পরিণত করার সময় উভয় clause-এর voice পরিবর্তন করা হয়।
- প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি একটি complex sentence.
- তাই এর passive করবার ক্ষেত্রে উভয় clause-এর voice পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।

• Past Indefinite tense কে passive করতে হলে -Active voice এর object + was/were + v এর(past participle) + by+ subject এর object.
- known এর পর Passive Voice এ to ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - It is known to me that my money was stolen by him. অথবা That my money was stolen by him was known to me.
- কিন্তু অপশন গ) তে known এরপর by থাকায় এটি উত্তর হবে না।

৪৫০.

Change the voice: He was born in 2024.

ক
His mother bears him in 2024.
খ
His mother bore him in 2024.
গ
His mother born him in 2024.
ঘ
His mother birthed him in 2024.

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive Voice এ যদি by + Object না থাকলে Passive Voice কে Active voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:

• Passive Voice এ যদি by + Object না থাকে এবং verb টি যদি পেশা বা নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর সাথে Related কাজ হয় তাহলে ঐ পেশা জীবী বা ঐ নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর নাম Subject হিসেবে বসাতে হবে।

যেমন:
• Passive: Water was irrigated.
Active: Farmers irrigated water.

• Rome was not built in a day.
- The Romans did not build Rome in a day.

• He was born in 2024.
Active: His mother bore him in 2024.

Source: Live MCQ English Wizard.

৪৫১.

The sentence which is not expressing any passive sense:

ক
ক) I'll have my hair cut.
খ
খ) I'm getting all my floors polished.
গ
গ) They made me do it.
ঘ
ঘ) I got fired yesterday.

ব্যাখ্যা

প্রশ্নোল্লিখিত অপশন গুলোর মধ্যে অপশন ক, খ এবং ঘ-তে subject গুলো action receiver. তাই এখানে এই বাক্যগুলো passive sense প্রদান করছে।
অপশন গ-তে me হচ্ছে action doer, অর্থাৎ এটি কোনো passive sense প্রদান করছে না।

Need, bid, dare, make, hear, feel, let, know, behold, watch প্রভৃতি verb গুলোর পর Active Voice-এ to উহ্য থাকে।

৪৫২.

'It cannot be done' is the active form of-

ক
We cannot do it
খ
We don't know how to do it
গ
We cannot but do it
ঘ
none of this above

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive Voice কে Active Voice রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Passive voice এর object‌ টি Active Voice এর subject হয়,
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে,
- মূল verb এর base form হয়,
- Passive voice এর subject টি Active voice এর object হয়,
- তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) উঠে যায়।
- Object ছাড়া passive voice এর বাক্যকে active করার ক্ষেত্রে সুবিধাজনক একটি subject ধরে নিয়ে করতে হয়।

Passive Voice: It cannot be done.
Active Voice: We cannot do it.

৪৫৩.

Let them plant the trees. [passive]

ক
Let the trees to be planted by them.
খ
Let the trees be planted by them.
গ
Let the trees being planted by them.
ঘ
Let the trees has been planted by them.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: Let them plant the trees.
Passive: Let the trees be planted by them.

• Let যুক্ত Imperative sentence এর Active voice কে passive voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসে।
- Object টির subject রূপে বসে।
- be বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টির Object রূপে বসে।

Structure: Let + Object টির subject বসে + be বসে + মূল verb এর past participle form বসে + by + subject টির Object রূপে বসে।

Other options,

ক) Let the trees to be planted by them.
- এখানে "to be" ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে, যা ভুল।
-"Let" যুক্ত passive voice-এ be + past participle হয়, "to" বসানো যায় না।

গ) Let the trees being planted by them.
- এখানে being planted ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে, যা passive continuous tense বোঝায়।
-কিন্তু "Let" এর ক্ষেত্রে imperative passive voice-এ সাধারণত be + V3 ব্যবহার হয়, being নয়।

ঘ) Let the trees has been planted by them.
- এখানে has been planted present perfect passive বোঝায়, যা imperative রূপে "Let" এর সাথে বসে না।

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪৫৪.

Let them chant the national anthem. (Make it passive)

ক
Let the national anthem to be chanted by them.
খ
Let the national anthem chanted by them.
গ
Let the national anthem being chanted by them.
ঘ
Let the national anthem be chanted by them.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: Let them chant the national anthem.
- Passive: Let the national anthem be chanted by them.

• Let + ব্যক্তিবাচক object যুক্ত Imperative sentence -এর Active voice কে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসে।
- বস্তুবাচক Object বসে।
- be বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by + ব্যক্তিবাচক object বসে।

• More examples:
- Active: Let him complete the work.
- Passive: Let the work be completed by him.

৪৫৫.

Evil thoughts made up his mind. (Make it passive)

ক
His mind was made up by evil thoughts.
খ
His mind was made up of evil thoughts.
গ
Evil thoughts made up of his mind.
ঘ
His mind was being made up evil thoughts.

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Active Voice কে Passive Voice করতে হলে সাধারণত ৫টি কাজ করতে হয়।
১. Object → Subject হবে আর Subject -> Object হবে।
২. যদি কোন Auxiliary Verb থাকে, তাহলে সেটা বসবে।
৩. অতিরিক্ত একটি be verb বসবে।
৪. মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসবে।
৫. একটি Preposition of বসবে।

• Make up এর পর Passive Voice এ of ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমন-

Active: Evil thoughts made up his mind.
Passive: His mind was made up of evil thoughts.

৪৫৬.

He is beating the thief -এর পরিবর্তিত voice form হচ্ছে-

ক
ক) The thief was being beaten by him.
খ
খ) The thief is being beat by him.
গ
গ) The thief is beaten by him.
ঘ
ঘ) The thief is being beaten by him.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে এবং মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in বসে।

৪৫৭.

You will have finished this homework by tomorrow. (Make it passive)

ক
This homework will have been finished tomorrow.
খ
This homework will have been finished by tomorrow.
গ
This homework will be finished by tomorrow.
ঘ
This homework will finished tomorrow.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: You will have finished this homework by tomorrow.
Passive Voice: This homework will have been finished by tomorrow.

• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি Future perfect tense এর উদাহরণ।
→ কিছু কিছু ভবিষ্যৎ নির্দেশক word যেমন: ‘by this time’, ‘by morning’, ‘by Sunday’, ‘by tomorrow’, etc. ইত্যাদি থাকলে Future perfect tense হয়।

• Future perfect tense কে active voice থেকে passive voice- এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
→ object টি subject হয় +
→ shall have been/will have been বসে +
→ মূল verb এর past participle বসে +
→ by বসে +
→ subject টির objective form বসে।
→ এখানে, 'You' subject হওয়ায় passive করার ক্ষেত্রে 'you' ঊহ্য রয়েছে।

৪৫৮.

'Do not hate the poor.' বাক্যটির Passive form হবে-

ক
ক) Let not the poor be hated.
খ
খ) Let the poor not to be hated.
গ
গ) Poor not to be hated.
ঘ
ঘ) Poor are not be hated.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Imperative sentence এর voice change করার নিয়ম হচ্ছে :
Let + object + be + past participle. বাক্য negative হলে Let এর পরে not যুক্ত হবে।
সুতরাং,বাক্যটির সঠিক পরিবর্তিত voice হবে - Let not the poor be hated.

৪৫৯.

Change the voice: "Nobody appreciates a gossipmonger."

ক
A gossipmonger is appreciated.
খ
A gossipmonger should not be appreciated.
গ
Everybody appreciates a gossipmonger.
ঘ
A gossipmonger is not appreciated by anybody.

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive করতে হলে,
- Active Voice এর Subject – Passive Voice- এ Object হয়।
- Active Voice এর Object – Passive Voice এ- Subject হয়।
- অতিরিক্ত be verb বসে।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- Object এর আগে by বসে।

এই হিসেবে "Nobody appreciates a gossipmonger." এর Passive Voice
- A gossipmonger is not appreciated by anybody.
কিন্তু, Nobody = not anybody.
- আবার, No one/ None = not anyone.

More Examples:
Active Voice: Nobody trusts a traitor.
Passive Voice: A traitor is not trusted by anybody.

Active Voice: No one believes a deceiver.
Passive Voice: A deceiver is not believed by anyone.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪৬০.

“We named her Nuha.” The correct passive voice of this sentence is-

ক
She was named Nuha by us.
খ
Nuha was named her by us.
গ
She was Nuha named by us.
ঘ
None of the above

ব্যাখ্যা

- আমরা জানি, active voice এর object কে passive voice এ sentence এর subject বানাতে হয়।
- আলোচ্য বাক্যে, object হলো ‘her’; যে জন্য ‘She’ passive voice এ sentence এর subject হবে।

কিন্তু ‘Nuha’ object নয় ,বরং Objective Complement.
তাই এই শব্দটি passive voice এ verb এর পরপর বসবে।

N.B. An objective Complement is a word or phrase that follows a direct object and complements the direct object of the sentence by describing it.

৪৬১.

You need to spend money. (Passive)

ক
ক) Money is needed by you to spend.
খ
খ) Money need to be spent by you.
গ
গ) Money needs to be spent by you.
ঘ
ঘ) Money is needed to be spent by you.

ব্যাখ্যা

ক- প্রদত্ত বাক্যের অর্থ তোমার টাকা ব্যয় করা প্রয়োজন। কিন্তু (ক) এর অর্থ - ব্যয় করার জন্য তোমার টাকা প্রয়োজন।
খ,গ - need এর পর to থাকলে need কে Principal verb বিবেচনা করে Number person অনুযায়ী Verb বসাতে হয়। এ হিসেবে খ ভুল এবং গ সঠিক।
ঘ- একই Clause এ দুটি Passive verb ব্যবহৃত হয় না।

৪৬২.

Change into passive:
They drew a circle in the morning.

ক
A circle was being drawn by them in the morning.
খ
A circle was drawn by them in the morning.
গ
In the morning a circle have been drawn by them.
ঘ
A circle has been drawing since morning.

ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is option 2.
A circle was drawn by them in the morning.

Given sentence is in Past simple tense and it is in active voice, we need to change it into passive voice.
Rule :
Subject + (was / were) + V3 + Optional Agents.

৪৬৩.

The sound annoyed us. (Make it passive).

ক
We are annoyed by the sound.
খ
We were annoyed by the sound.
গ
We are annoyed to the sound.
ঘ
We were annoyed at the sound.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয়
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb
- মূল verb এর past participle
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয়
- তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to ,in) বসে।
- আর কোন ব্যক্তির উপর বিরক্ত বোঝাতে annoyed with
- কিন্তু বস্তু বা কাজের উপর বিরক্ত বোঝাতে annoyed at বসে।
Active Voice: The sound annoyed us.
Passive Voice: We were annoyed at the sound.

৪৬৪.

What is passive form of the sentence: "We must take care of all living species on Earth?"

ক
ক) All living species on Earth are taken care of by us
খ
খ) All living species on Earth must be taken care of.
গ
গ) All living species on Earth must be cared by us.
ঘ
ঘ) All living species on Earth must be taken care of by us.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Must, May, might, can, could, ought to, going to যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার সময় এদের পরে be বসে
- এবং তার পরেই মূল verb টির Past Participle বসে। যেমনঃ
- Active: You must do the work.
- Passive: The work must be done by you.
- তাই সঠিক উত্তর হবে -
- Active Voice: We must take care of all living species on Earth.
- Passive Voice: All living species on Earth must be taken care of by us.

সূত্র: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar and Composition (For Class 9-10).

৪৬৫.

We shall be building a house. (make it passive)

ক
A house will be being built by us.
খ
A house will be built by us.
গ
A house will be being build by us.
ঘ
A house will be build by us.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: We shall be building a house.
Passive: A house will be being built by us.
- প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি Future Continuous Tense-এ আছে।

• Future continuous Tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম -
- object টি subject রূপে বসে
- shall be being/ will be being বসে
- মুল verb এর past participle form
- এরপর by বসে
- সবশেষে subject এর objective form বসে।

• Other options:
খ) A house will be built by us.
- এটি ভুল, কারণ Future continuous Tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ পরিণত করার ক্ষেত্রে shall be/ will be+ being+ মুল verb এর past participle form বসে।

গ) A house will be being build by us.
- এটি ভুল, এখানে 'being'-এর পর 'build' ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে,। কিন্তু passive voice এ পরিণত করার ক্ষেত্রে Verb-এর Past Participle বা V3 (built) বসাতে হয়।

ঘ) A house will be build by us.
- এটি ভুল, কারণ Future continuous Tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ পরিণত করার ক্ষেত্রে shall be/ will be+ being+ মুল verb এর past participle form বসে।

Source:
1. Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
2. Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

৪৬৬.

Did you eat the bread?
Change into passive voice:

ক
Did you eat the bread?
খ
Did the bread eaten by you?
গ
Was the bread eaten by you?
ঘ
Is the bread eaten by you?

ব্যাখ্যা

• The correct answer is - গ) Was the bread eaten by you?

- Interrogative Sentence-এর Passive Voice- এর Interrogative Sentence হয়।
- এ ধরণের বাক্য যদি Do Verb দিয়ে শুরু হয়, তাহলে প্রথমে তাকে Assertive Sentence-এ পরিণত করে তারপর তাকে Interrogative Sentence-এ পরিবর্তন করা সুবিধাজনক।

Do/Does/Did দ্বারা শুরু হওয়া Interrogative sentence-এর Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active: Do/Does/Did + subject + verb (base form) + object ?
- Passive: am/is/are/was/were + object + V এর past participle + by + subject +?

Example:
- Active: Did you eat the bread?
- Passive: Was the bread eaten by you?

Source: Applied English Grammar and Composition by P. C. DAS.

৪৬৭.

“Do not read the letter.” The correct passive voice of this sentence is-

ক
The letter be not read.
খ
The letter is not shut.
গ
Let not the letter be read.
ঘ
The letter did not be read.

ব্যাখ্যা

ব্যাখ্যা: Do not দিয়ে শুরু যুক্ত Imperative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম:

i) প্রথমে Let not বসে + ii) Objectটি subject রূপে বসে + iii) be বসে + iv) মূল Verb-এর Past Participle বসে।

৪৬৮.

Has the course been learnt by you? - Make it active.

ক
ক) Has you learned the course?
খ
খ) Have you learn the course?
গ
গ) Have you learned the course?
ঘ
ঘ) Has you learn the curse?

ব্যাখ্যা

প্রশ্নোল্লেখিত বাক্যটি passive এর present perfect এ আছে। present perfect এর ‍active এর গঠণ:
Sub. + have/has + V3 + obj.
উপরোল্লেখিত গঠণটি অপশন a ও c উভয়টিতে পাওয়া গেছে। কিন্তু subject –you এর সাথে have বসে। তাই উত্তর হবে c.
আর you এর সাথে has বসার ফলে অপশন a ভুল।
অপশন b ও d তে v1 ব্যবহৃত হওয়ায় এগুলো ভুল। কারণ present perfect tense এ সর্বদা V3 বসে।
উৎস: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hossain

৪৬৯.

The passive voice of ‘Did Sumona do the work’-

ক
Was the work by Sumona done?
খ
Was the work done by Sumona?
গ
Is the work done by Sumona?
ঘ
Wasn't the work done by Sumona?

ব্যাখ্যা

Do/Does/Did দ্বারা শুরু Interrogative sentence কে passive করার নিয়মঃ
Active: Do/Does/Did + subject + verb (base form) + object ?
Passive: am/is/are/was/were + object + v₃ + by + subject ?

Correct Passive Voice of the Sentence: Was the work done by Sumona?

৪৭০.

Change into passive voice:
Someone has stolen my pen.

ক
My pen was stolen by someone.
খ
My pen has been stolen by someone.
গ
My pen had been stolen by someone.
ঘ
My pen is being stolen by someone.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: খ) My pen has been stolen by someone.

• Someone has stolen my pen.
- মূল বাক্যটি একটি active voice বাক্য এবং এর tense হলো present perfect tense ("has stolen").
- Present perfect tense এর passive গঠন হয়: has/have been + past participle (V₃).
- Active voice: Someone has stolen my pen → Passive voice: My pen has been stolen by someone.
- এখানে "my pen" object থেকে passive subject হয়েছে এবং "has been stolen" passive verb phrase হয়েছে।
- তাই সঠিক উত্তর হলো: খ) My pen has been stolen by someone.

Other options:
ক) My pen was stolen by someone.
- ভুল, কারণ এটি past indefinite tense, যেখানে মূল বাক্য ছিল present perfect.

গ) My pen had been stolen by someone.
- ভুল, কারণ এটি past perfect tense বোঝায়, যা মূল বাক্যের সময়ের সাথে মেলে না।

ঘ) My pen is being stolen by someone.
- ভুল, কারণ এটি present continuous tense, অথচ মূল বাক্য ছিল present perfect.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৪৭১.

What is the passive voice of "Please give me a cup of coffee."

ক
You are requested to give me a cup of coffee.
খ
You must give me a cup of coffee.
গ
You are asked to give me a cup of coffee.
ঘ
You should give me a cup of coffee.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice: Please give me a cup of coffee.
• Passive voice: You are requested to give me a cup of coffee.

• Please/kindly যুক্ত Imperative sentence -এর voice- change করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice -এর শুরুতে Please অথবা kindly থাকলে passive voice -এ you are requested to বসে,
- তারপর মূল verb থেকে বাকি অংশ অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।
- Active voice টি present -এ রয়েছে তাই passive voice -এ present tense হবে।

• Note: Negative বাক্যের ক্ষেত্রে to -এর পূর্বে not to বসবে।

• More Examples:
1. Please pass me the salt.
2. Please hand me the book.

Source:
1. A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
2. Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.

৪৭২.

They enjoyed themselves. (Make It Passive)

ক
They were enjoyed by themselves.
খ
They were being enjoyed.
গ
They are being enjoyed by themselves.
ঘ
Themselves were enjoyed by them.

ব্যাখ্যা

সঠিক উত্তর ক) They were enjoyed by themselves.

• Reflective Pronoun (myself, yourself, himself, herself, themselves, ourselves etc) যুক্ত Active Voice কে
Passive Voice করতে হলে,
• Active Voice-এর Subject অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।
• Subject-এর Number ও Person অনুসারে Auxiliary Verb বসবে + Principal Verb-এর Past Participle Form (V) বসে + by + Reflective object টি বসে।

• যেমন:
• He killed himself.
- He was killed by himself.
• She fans herself.
- She is fanned by herself.
• You should help yourself.
- You should be helped by yourself.
• Karim hurt himself.
- Karim is hurt by himself.

Source: Live MCQ lecture.

৪৭৩.

People say that failure is a stepping stone to success. (Make it passive)

ক
It is said by the people that to success failure is a stepping stone.
খ
It is said that by the people that failure is a stepping stone to success.
গ
It is said that failure is a stepping stone to success.
ঘ
It is said it is a failure that is a stepping stone to success.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Compound Sentence এবং Complex Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে Active voice-এর উভয় clause-কে একই voice-এ রূপান্তর করতে হয়।
- Active Voice People say দিয়ে শুরু হলে passive voice It is said দিয়ে শুরু করা হয়।

• Active voice এ people + stative verb (know, think, understand, know, find, say, etc) + that + clause থাকলে, passive করার নিয়ম হচ্ছে -
- It is /was (tense অনুযায়ী) + said + that + বাকি clause (যা আছে তাই) টি।

যেমন:
• Active: People say that teamwork makes the dream work.
• Passive: It is said that teamwork makes the dream work.

সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
• Active: People say that failure is a stepping stone to success.
• Passive: It is said that failure is a stepping stone to success.

৪৭৪.

What is the active voice of 'What she thinks was known to us'?

ক
ক) We knew what she thinks.
খ
খ) We have known about her thinking.
গ
গ) We knew what she is thinking.
ঘ
ঘ) We know what she thinks.

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive voice Structure:

Active voice এর Object টির subjective form + am/is/are + মূল verb এর past participle + by/to/with/in etc + Active voice এর subject টিরobjective form. আর known এর পর সবসময় to বসে।

Example Sentence:

Passive Voice: What she thinks was known to us.

বাক্যটি Active Voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:

us এর Subjective form We হবে।

Tense অনুযায়ী was known এর পরিবর্তে knew বসবে।

'What she thinks' Objective form হিসেবে বসবে।

সুতরাং বাক্যটির Active form হবে: We knew what she thinks.

৪৭৫.

They ought to follow the school rules. (Make it passive)

ক
The school rules ought to be followed by them.
খ
The school rules ought be followed by they.
গ
The school rules ought to being follow by them.
ঘ
The school rules are ought to be followed by them.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice এ Modal Auxiliary Verb থাকলে তা Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Modal Auxiliary verb গুলো হলো: Can, Could, May, Might, Will, Would, Shall, Should, Ought to, Used to, Must ইত্যাদি।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হিসেবে বসে।
- Active voice এর Modal verb টি বসে।
- be বসে।
- প্রদত্ত মুল verb এর past participle বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।

• Active Voice: They ought to follow the school rules.
• Passive voice: The school rules ought to be followed by them.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪৭৬.

He asked me when the next letter would come? বাক্যের direct speech হচ্ছে-

ক
He said to me, 'When would the next letter come?'
খ
He said to me, 'When will the next letter come?'
গ
He asked me, 'When will the next letter come?'
ঘ
He said to me, 'When the next letter will come?'

ব্যাখ্যা

• Indirect speech এ asked এবং when থাকায় বুঝা যাচ্ছে, Reported speech একটি প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্য।
- প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্যটিতে when থাকায় reporting verb টি said হবে। আর সাথে object (me) থাকায় তার পূর্বে to বসবে।
-অর্থাৎ reporting verb এর পরে to বসবে।

- আর Reporting verb টি Past tense এর হওয়ায় Indirect speech এ থাকা would, direct speech এ will হবে।
- অর্থাৎ Indirect speech টি হবে-
- He said to me, ‘’When will the next letter come?’’

৪৭৭.

Who has taken my book? (Make it passive)

ক
By whom has my book being taken?
খ
By whom has my book to be taken?
গ
By whom has my book be taken?
ঘ
By whom has my book been taken?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে।
- Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসাতে হয়।
- Object টি Subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/being/been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- সবার শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active: Who has taken my book?
Passive: By whom has my book been taken?

৪৭৮.

Do not open the window. (passive voice)

ক
Let not open the window.
খ
Let the window be opened.
গ
Let not the window be opened.
ঘ
Let the window be not open.

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: গ) Let not the window be opened.

Active Voice: Do not open the window.

• Do not দিয়ে শুরু যুক্ত Imperative Sentence কে Passive Voice করতে হলে:
- বাক্যের শুরুতে Let বসে।
- Active Voice এ Do not থাকলে Passive Voice এ শুধু not বসে।
- Active Voice এর Object – Subject এর স্থানে বসে।
- be বসে।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

সুতরাং, নিয়ম অনুসারে, Passive voice: Let not the window be opened.

৪৭৯.

'My uncle looks after me' বাক্যটির Passive form হবে-

ক
ক) I am look after by my uncle
খ
খ) I am looked after by my uncle
গ
গ) I was looked after by my uncle
ঘ
ঘ) I am being looked after by my uncle

ব্যাখ্যা

• সঠিক উত্তর হবে - I am looked after by my uncle.
- Assertive sentence এর passive করার নিয়ম -
Active এর object বসে subject রূপে + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb am/is/are + মূল verb এর past participle form + by + active এর subject, object রূপে বসে + other words.

৪৮০.

Active voice of 'He was being chased by the dogs'?

ক
ক) The dogs chased him.
খ
খ) The dogs were chasing him.
গ
গ) The dogs are chasing him.
ঘ
ঘ) The dogs chase him.

ব্যাখ্যা

Past continuous tense এর ক্ষেত্রে active voice কে passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Subject এর objective form বসে;
- was/were বসে;
- being বাদ যায়;
- মূল verb এর সাথে ing বসে;
- by বাদ যায়;
- object এর subjective form বসে।

Structure: Subject এর objective form + was/were + being বাদ + মূল verb + ing + by বাদ + object এর subjective form.

Active: The dogs were chasing him.
Passive: He was being chased by the dogs

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪৮১.

What is the correct passive form of “I saw him go to the garden”?

ক
ক) He was seen go to the garden.
খ
খ) He was seen to go to the garden
গ
গ) He was been seen to go to the garden
ঘ
ঘ) He went to the garden was seen.

ব্যাখ্যা

কিছু verb আছে যাদের পরে সাধারণত to ঊহ্য (অনুক্ত কিন্তু অনুমেয়) থাকে। এদেরকে bare infinitive বলে। কিন্তু passive voice এ এদের পরে to বসে। যেমন- bid, let, make, see, hear, need, dare ইত্যাদি।

৪৮২.

Have you done the work? (make it passive)

ক
ক) The work has done by you?
খ
খ) Has the work done by you?
গ
গ) Have the work been done by you?
ঘ
ঘ) Has the work been done by you?

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: Have you done the work?
Passive: Has the work been done by you?

Active Voice এ যেহেতু Subject ছিল You, তাই এর পূর্বে Have বসেছে। আর Passive Voice এ Subject যেহেতু The work, তাই Auxiliary Verb হিসেবে 'has' হবে।
আর passive করার সময় যে অতিরিক্ত be verb যুক্ত হয়, সে হিসেবে work এর পর been বসেছে।

৪৮৩.

Who called you a lair? বাক্যের passive voice.

ক
ক) By whom are you called a lair?
খ
খ) By whom were you called a lair?
গ
গ) By whom you called a lair?
ঘ
ঘ) By whom was you called a lair?

ব্যাখ্যা

Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentense এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে + Object টি Subject হয় + অনেক সময় tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/being/been বসাতে হয় + মূল verb এর past participle বসে + প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।
- তাই সঠিক উত্তরটি হচ্ছে:
Active Voice- Who called you a lair?
Passive Voice- By whom were you called a lair?

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪৮৪.

Choose the correct passive voice of ‘BBC broadcast the breaking news’ -

ক
ক) The breaking news is broadcasted by BBC.
খ
খ) The breaking news were broadcasted by BBC.
গ
গ) The breaking news was broadcasted by BBC.
ঘ
ঘ) The breaking news are broadcasted by BBC.

ব্যাখ্যা

Explanation:
সাহায্যকারী Verb বিহীন Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর। [V₃ = past participle]
Active: Subject (Agent - কাজ সম্পাদনকারী) + verb + Object.
এক্ষেত্রে verb এর পূর্বে do/does/did + not অথবা, পরে e/es/ed অথবা অনিয়মিত V₂ থাকে।
Passive: Object টি Subject হয় + (am/is/are/was/were) + V₃ + by + Subject টি Object হয়।

প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নে Sentence টি past indefinite tense এ আছে এবং news সর্বদাই singular হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয় বিধায় এর পরে auxiliary verb হিসেবে was বসবে।
দ্বিতীয়ত, broadcast এর Vpp/V₃ হচ্ছে broadcast.

Correct Sentence: The breaking news was broadcasted by BBC.

৪৮৫.

'Never catch the Jatka'. (Make it passive).

ক
Never the Jatka be caught by you.
খ
Let the Jatka never be caught.
গ
Let not the Jatka ever be caught.
ঘ
The Jatka is caught by you.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Never যুক্ত Imperative Sentence কে Passive Voice এ রুপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let never + active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয় + be + মূল verb এর past participle.
Or,
- Let + not + object + ever + be + মূল verb এর past participle.
• Active Voice: Never catch the Jatka.
• Passive Voice: Let not the Jatka ever be caught.

৪৮৬.

‘Never tell a lie’. The passive form of this sentence is -

ক
You are advised not to tell a lie.
খ
You are asked not to tell a lie.
গ
You are forbidden to tell a lie.
ঘ
You are requested not to tell a lie.

ব্যাখ্যা

Never tell a lie - নিষেধ বোঝায়। এক্ষেত্রে সঠিক Passive form-
You are forbidden to tell a lie.
উপদেশের ক্ষেত্রে - advise; আদেশ বা অনুরোধের ক্ষেত্রে - ask এবং অনুরোধের ক্ষেত্রে - request ব্যবহৃত হয়।

৪৮৭.

Change the voice: Her artwork embodies all the spirit of modern culture.

ক
All the spirit of modern culture is embodied by her artwork.
খ
All the spirit of modern culture is embodied with her artwork.
গ
All the spirit of modern culture is embodied in her artwork.
ঘ
All the spirit of modern culture is embodied to her artwork.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: Her artwork embodies all the spirit of modern culture.
Passive: All the spirit of modern culture is embodied in her artwork.

• Active থেকে passive রূপান্তর করার প্রক্রিয়া:
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়ে যায়।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject এ রুপান্তর হয়।
- মূল verb এর past participle হয় এবং subject ও tense অনুসারে auxiliary verb/be verb হয়।

• সাধারণত, আমরা জানি passive voice এ obj. এর পূর্বে by বসে।
- তবে কখনো কখনো অন্যান্য preposition ও ব্যবহৃত হয়ে থাকে।
- কিছু verb আছে যেগুলোর পরে passive এ in বসে।
- যেমন: Embody, Contain, Include ইত্যাদি।

• Present indefinite tense কে passive voice করতে হলে am/is/are + মূল verb এর past participle ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• আরো একটি উদাহরণ,
Active: 'My teacher embodies all the good qualities'.
Passive: 'All the good qualities are embodied in my teacher.'

৪৮৮.

Choose the correct passive form of this sentence: They searched his house and found a number of stolen articles.

ক
ক) His house was searched and a number of stolen articles were found.
খ
খ) A number of articles were found by the people becase they searched it.
গ
গ) His house was searched by the people who found a number of articles.
ঘ
ঘ) That a number of articles were found was by the people.

ব্যাখ্যা

Compound Sentence এবং Complex Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে Active voice-এর উভয় clause-কে একই voice-এ রূপান্তর করতে হয়।

৪৮৯.

The correct passive form of: "You must complete the form."

ক
You should have completed the form.
খ
The form must been completed.
গ
The form must be completed.
ঘ
The form should be completed.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active: You must complete the form.
• Passive: The form must be completed.

• May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to, ইত্যাদি modal auxiliary যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object টি subject হিসেবে বসে।
- এর পরে be বসে।
- তার পরেই মূল verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- by বসে + Active এর subject টি object হিসাবে বসে।

• More examples:
- Active voice: You must shut these doors.
- Passive voice: These doors must be shut.

৪৯০.

Who left the jar open?
Transform it into passive voice:

ক
By whom were the jar left open?
খ
By whom was the jar left open?
গ
By whom was the jar left?
ঘ
By whom was the jar left opened?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: By whom was the jar left open?

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice এর রুপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে By whom দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হবে।
- tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এ Subject হিসেবে বসে।
- অনেক সময় be/ being/ been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল verb এর Past Participle হয়।
- Question mark (?) হয়।

Active Voice: Who taught you English?
Passive Voice: By whom were you taught English?

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪৯১.

The boys were playing Cricket. (Do Passive)

ক
ক) Cricket has been played by the boys.
খ
খ) Cricket was being played by the boys.
গ
গ) Cricket was played by the boys.
ঘ
ঘ) Cricket had been played by the boys.

ব্যাখ্যা

- উল্লেখিত প্রশ্নের সঠিক passive voice হচ্ছে Cricket was being played by the boys.

• Past continuous tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
- Object এর subject + Was being/Were being + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object.
Example:
Active: The boys were playing Cricket.
Passive: Cricket was being played by the boys.

৪৯২.

The passive form of: "Whom does she admire?"

ক
Who has been admired by her?
খ
Who is admired by her?
গ
By whom she is admired?
ঘ
Whom is admired by her?

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active Voice: Whom does she admire?
- Passive Voice: Who is admired by her?

• Whom যুক্ত interrogative sentence -এর Passive Voice করার নিয়ম:
- Whom-এর পরিবর্তে Who বসাতে হবে।
- বাক্যের Subject এবং Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
- মূল Verb-এর Past Participle ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
- শেষে by যোগ করে Active Voice-এর Subject-এর Object Form যোগ করতে হবে।
- বাক্যটি Question Mark (?) দিয়ে শেষ করতে হবে।

• Structure: Who + auxiliary verb (tense অনুযায়ী) + verb-এর past participle + by + object + ?

• More Examples:
- Active Voice: Whom do you admire?
- Passive Voice: Who is admired by you?

৪৯৩.

Where did she leave the keys? (Make it passive)

ক
Where the keys were left by her?
খ
The keys were where left by her?
গ
Where did the keys left by you?
ঘ
Where were the keys left by her?

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: Where did she leave the keys?
Passive Voice: Where were the keys left by her?

• Where যুক্ত Active voice থেকে Passive voice করার নিয়মঃ
- Where + be verb (tense অনুযায়ী) + subject + Past participle verb+ by + object + ?

Example:
Active: Where did he find you?
Passive: Where were you found by him?

৪৯৪.

How was it managed by you? (Make it Active)

ক
ক) How did you manage it?
খ
খ) How have you managed it?
গ
গ) Did you manage it?
ঘ
ঘ) Was it managed by you?

৪৯৫.

Did he do the work without authority? (Make it Passive)

ক
ক) Did the work be done by him without authority?
খ
খ) Was the work done by him without authority?
গ
গ) Was the work be done by him without authority?
ঘ
ঘ) Did the work was done by him without authority?

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice এ Auxiliary Verb হিসেবে ‘did’ থাকলে passive voice এ এর পরিবর্তে was/were বসে। ‍
এখানে Subject – singular হওয়ায় was বসবে।
তারপর Object – Subject হয়ে বসবে।
তারপর মূল Verb এর Past Participle.
এর পর by + Subject এর Objective Form.

সে অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তর - Was the work done by him without authority?

৪৯৬.

The poor were being deprived of their rights by the king. (Make it Active)

ক
ক) The king were depriving the poor of their rights.
খ
খ) The king was depriving of the poor their rights.
গ
গ) The king was depriving the poor of their rights.
ঘ
ঘ) The king was deprived the poor of their rights.

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive Voice এ being + Past Participle of the verb থাকলে active voice এ being বাদ যায় এবং মূল Verb এর শেষে ing যোগ হয়।

৪৯৭.

People say that laughter is the best medicine. (Make it passive)

ক
That laughter is the best medicine was said by people.
খ
It is said that laughter is the best medicine.
গ
It was said by people that laughter is the best medicine.
ঘ
People say that laughter is the best medicine.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Compound Sentence এবং Complex Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে Active voice-এর উভয় clause-কে একই voice-এ রূপান্তর করতে হয়।

- Active Voice People say দিয়ে শুরু হলে passive voice "It is said" দিয়ে শুরু করা হয়।

• Active voice এ people + stative verb (know, think, understand, know, find, say, etc) + that + clause থাকলে, passive করার নিয়ম হচ্ছে -

- It is/was (tense অনুযায়ী) + said + that + clause (যা আছে তাই) টি।

সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,

Active Voice: People say that laughter is the best medicine.

Passive Voice: It is said that laughter is the best medicine.

৪৯৮.

How did he help the poor? (Make it Passive)

ক
How did the poor were helped by him?
খ
How was the poor helped by him?
গ
How the poor were helped by him?
ঘ
How were the poor helped by him?

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice এ Auxiliary Verb হিসেবে did থাকলে Passive Voice এ did কে বাদ দিয়ে এর পরিবর্তে was/ were বসাতে হয়।
এর পাশাপাশি Subject - Object হয়, আর Object Subject হয়।
আর মূল Verb এর Past Participle হয়। আর Object এর পূর্বে সাধারণত by বসে।
The poor (দরিদ্ররা) Plural হওয়ায় এখানে were হবে।

৪৯৯.

Wasn’t this man leading a great people? (Passive)

ক
ক) Wasn’t a great people being led by this man?
খ
খ) Weren’t a great people being led by this man?
গ
গ) Didn’t a great people being led by this man?
ঘ
ঘ) Wasn’t a great people led by this man?

ব্যাখ্যা

people অর্থ এখানে জাতি। তাই এটা Singular.

৫০০.

Take care of your health. (Make it Passive)

ক
Let the health be taken care of.
খ
Let your health be taken care of.
গ
Your health should be taken care of.
ঘ
Let us take of your health.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Verb দ্বারা শুরু হওয়া Imperative sentence কে passive করার নিয়ম হচ্ছে -
- প্রথমে Let বসে
- object + be
- এরপর verb এর past participle form বসে।
- subject টি object রূপে বসে
- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - Let your health be taken care of.