Active and Passive Voice

PrepBank · পাতা ৪ / ১৩ · ৩০১–৪০০ / ১,২৭৭

৩০১.

The correct passive of 'Smoke filled the room' is-

ক
The room was filled by smoke.
খ
The room was filled with smoke.
গ
The room had been filled with somke.
ঘ
The room is filled by smoke.

ব্যাখ্যা

•প্রশ্ন প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি past indefinite tense এ আছে। Past indefinite যুক্ত বাক্যকে passive করার নিয়ম -
- Active এর object প্রথমে
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb
- মূল verb এর past participle form
- by
- Active এর subject
- extension.
- কিন্তু active voice এ cover, crowd, seize, fill ইত্যাদি verb গুলো থাকলে, Passive voice এর verb এর past participle এর পর by এর পরিবর্তে with বসে।

সুতরাং, সঠিক উত্তর - The room was filled with smoke.

৩০২.

Stephen Hawking is considered the greatest physicist after Einstein. (Make it Active)

ক
ক) People consider Stephen Hawking the greatest physicist after Einstein.
খ
খ) The greatest physicist after Einstein consider him.
গ
গ) Einstein consider Stephen Hawking the greatest physicist.
ঘ
ঘ) People considers Stephen Hawking the greatest physicist after Einstein.

ব্যাখ্যা

এখানে Subject নেই, তাই sentence এর প্রয়োজন অনুসারে Subject আনা হয়েছে people, আর এটা Plural এবং সে অনুযায়ী Verb বসবে।
সে অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তর: People consider Stephen Hawking the greatest physicist after Einstein.

৩০৩.

He does not like the poor. (Make it passive)

ক
ক) The poor is not liked by him.
খ
খ) The poor does not be liked by him.
গ
গ) The poor are not liked by him.
ঘ
ঘ) The poor do not liked by him.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice এ Auxiliary হিসেবে do/does থাকলে, Passive Voice এ এগুলোর স্থানে am/is/are বসে।
The poor (দরিদ্ররা) – Plural হওয়ায় The poor are হবে।

৩০৪.

I decided to write an announcement. (Make it passive)

ক
I decided that an announcement should be written.
খ
I decided that an announcement has to be written.
গ
I decided that an announcement should have written.
ঘ
I decided an announcement had to be written.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: I decided to write an announcement.
- Passive: I decided that an announcement should be written.

• Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর subject ও verb বসে।
- that বসে।
- infinitive এর পরের Object (direct object) বসে।
- should be বসে।
- infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle বসে।

• More examples:
- Active: She decided to repair the car.
- Passive: She decided that the car should be repaired.

- Active: They agreed to sign the contract.
- Passive: They agreed that the contract should be signed.

Source:
1. A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
2. Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.

৩০৫.

One can improve capabilities by one’s consistent practice. (Passive)

ক
By consistent practice one's capabilities can be improved.
খ
Capabilities can be improved by consistent practice.
গ
One's capabilities can be improved by their consistent practice.
ঘ
Somebody can improve their capabilities by consistent practice.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: One can improve capabilities by one’s consistent practice.
Passive Voice: Capabilities can be improved by consistent practice.

• Active Voice এ Subject হিসেবে People ,one ইত্যাদি থাকলে Passive করার সময় People / one বাদ দিতে হয়।
- পাশাপাশি object অংশে one's + noun থাকলে passive থাকলে one's কে বাদ দিতে হয়।
- অর্থাৎ, Active Voice এ Subject হিসেবে one থাকলে Passive Voice এ এটা উল্লেখ করার প্রয়োজন নেই।
- তাছাড়াও passive করার সময় তাদেরকে by সহ লেখা হয় না।

- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক passive form টি হচ্ছে - Capabilities can be improved by consistent practice.

৩০৬.

Let them clean the room. (Passive)

ক
Let the room being cleaned by them.
খ
Let the room be cleaned by them.
গ
Let the room to be cleaned by them.
ঘ
Let the room cleaned by them.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: Let them clean the room.
Passive: Let the room be cleaned by them.

• Let যুক্ত Imperative sentence এর Active voice কে passive voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসে।
- Object টির subject রূপে বসে।
- be বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টির Object রূপে বসে।

• Structure: Let + Object টির subject বসে + be বসে + মূল verb এর past participle form বসে + by + subject টির Object রূপে বসে।

Active: Let him finish the task.
Passive: Let the task be finished by him.

৩০৭.

Identify the passive form of the following sentence:
"Who has rearranged the furniture in the living room?"

ক
By whom has the furniture in the living room rearranged?
খ
By whom has the furniture in the living room been rearranged?
গ
Whom has the furniture in the living room been rearranged?
ঘ
By whom has the furniture in the living room being rearranged?

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: Who has rearranged the furniture in the living room?
Passive Voice: By whom has the furniture in the living room been rearranged?

- Who দ্বারা শুরু হওয়া বাক্যের ক্ষেত্রে passive voice এর শুরুতে By whom, তারপর একটি auxiliary verb তারপর sentence এর subject বসে।
- Auxiliary verb টি subject এর number ও person অনুযায়ী হয়।
- Interrogative বাক্যের passive voice interrogative বাক্যই হয়।

More example:
Active Voice: Who has misplaced the key?
Passive Voice: By whom has the key been misplaced?

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S. M. Zakir Hussain.

৩০৮.

Rome was not built in a day. (Make it active)

ক
The Romans did not built Rome in a day.
খ
The Rome was not built in a day.
গ
The Romans have not build Rome in a day.
ঘ
The Romans did not build Rome in a day.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive Voice এ যদি by + Object না থাকে এবং verb টি যদি পেশা বা নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর সাথে Related কাজ হয় তাহলে ঐ পেশাজীবী বা ঐ নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর নাম Subject হিসেবে বসাতে হবে।

যেমন:
Passive: Rome was not built in a day.
Active: The Romans did not build Rome in a day.
- এখানে subject ‘Rome’ কিন্তু object দেয়া নেই বা object টা এখানে উহ্য আছে।
- Rome সাম্রাজ্য যেহেতু Roman রা তৈরি করেছে, তাই active করার সময় subject হিসেবে The Romans ব্যবহার করতে হবে।

• Other examples:
• He was born in 1960.
- His mother bore him in 1960.

• Water was irrigated.
- Farmers irrigated water.

৩০৯.

What did you help him? (Passive)

ক
ক) What was he helped by you?
খ
খ) By what was he helped by you?
গ
গ) What was helped you by him?
ঘ
ঘ) What he was helped by you?

ব্যাখ্যা

এখানে
What- Direct Object,
him – indirect object এবং
you – Subject.

বাক্যে Indirect object থাকায় শুরুতে What অপরিবর্তিত অবস্থায় থাকবে।
বাকি অংশ - did you help him? এর Passive - was he helped by you?

সুতরাং, সম্পূর্ণ বাক্যটি হবে - What was he helped by you?
অর্থ- সে তোমার দ্বারা কী সাহায্য পেয়েছিল?

৩১০.

Has a storm uprooted the tree? The correct passive voice is-

ক
Has the tree been uprooted?
খ
Has been the tree uprooted by a storm?
গ
Has the tree been uprooted by a storm?
ঘ
A tree has been uprooted by a storm?

ব্যাখ্যা

উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি Present Perfect Tense এর Interrogative sentence। এর Passive Voice করার নিয়ম:

Structure: Has/Have + object + been + V3 + by + subject + ?

• Present perfect tense (have/has) যুক্ত sentence কে Active থেকে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম:
- Object → subject হয়।
- Subject ও tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb হিসেবে have been/ has been বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Subject → object হয়।

• Object (the tree) শুরুতে বসবে,
- Has auxiliary verb হিসেবে থাকবে,
- been + V3 (uprooted) হবে,
- by a storm শেষে বসবে।

Active: Has a storm uprooted the tree?
Passive: Has the tree been uprooted by a storm?

৩১১.

The chocolate tastes creamy. (Make it Passive)

ক
The chocolate is tasted creamy when it is tasted.
খ
The chocolate is tastes creamy when it is tasted.
গ
The chocolate is creamy if tasted.
ঘ
The chocolate is creamy as if tasted.

ব্যাখ্যা

• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি একটি Quasi-passive sentence.
- যে sentence গঠনে active কিন্তু অর্থে passive বা অন্যের দ্বারা সংঘটিত হয় এমন বোঝায়, তাকে Quasi-passive sentence বলে।
- এই ধরনের sentence কে কয়েকভাবে passive করা যায়। যেমন:

1) Active voice এর subject টিই passive voice এর subject হিসাবে বসে + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + adjective টি বসে + when/if + প্রথম subject অনুযায়ী it/they বসে + আবারো tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + মূল verb এর past participle.
Active: The chocolate tastes creamy.
Passive: The chocolate is creamy when it is tasted.
অথবা, The chocolate is creamy if it is tasted.

2) Active এর এর subject টিই passive voice এর subject হিসাবে বসে + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + মূল verb এর past participle + adjective টি বসে।
Active: The chocolate tastes creamy.
Passive: The chocolate is tasted creamy.

3) Active এর এর subject টিই passive voice এর subject হিসাবে বসে + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + adjective টি বসে + If + মূল verb এর past participle.
Active: The chocolate tastes creamy.
Passive: The chocolate is creamy if tasted.

৩১২.

The harsh weather conditions made the crops wither. (Make it passive)

ক
The crops were made to be witherd by the harsh weather conditions.
খ
The crops were made to be wither by the harsh weather conditions.
গ
The crops were made to wither by the harsh weather conditions.
ঘ
The crops were been made wither by the harsh weather conditions.
ঙ
The crops were be made to wither by the harsh weather conditions.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice: The harsh weather conditions made the crops wither.
• Passive voice: The crops were made to wither by the harsh weather conditions.

• Help, Make, need, dare, bare, hear, feel, know ইত্যাদি causative verb গুলোর পর active voice এ bare infinitive হয় অর্থাৎ to উহ্য থাকে।
- কিন্তু passive এ পরিবর্তন করবার সময় তাদের পর to বসাতে হয়।

• Causative verb যুক্ত বাক্যটির passive voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম -
- Object কে sub + auxiliary verb + verb - এর past participle form + to + মুল verb + by + sub কে object.

More examples:
• Active voice: Sanzida helped me finish the work.
- Passive voice: I was helped to finish the work by Sanzida.

• Active: Years of malnutrition and deprivation made them look older.
- Passive: They were made to look older by years of malnutrition and deprivation.

৩১৩.

Sugar tastes sweet. (passive)

ক
Sugar is sweet when it tastes.
খ
Sugar is tasted sweet.
গ
Sugar is sweet when it is tasted.
ঘ
Both B + C

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• যে sentence গঠনে active কিন্তু অর্থে passive বা অন্যের দ্বারা সংঘটিত হয় এমন বোঝায়, তাকে Quasi-passive sentence বলে।
- এই ধরনের sentence কে দুই ভাবে passive করা যায়। যেমন:

1) Active voice এর subject টিই passive voice এর subject হিসাবে বসে + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + adjective টি বসে + when + প্রথম subject অনুযায়ী if/they বসে + আবারো tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + মূল verb এর past participle.

Active: Sugar tastes sweet.
Passive: Sugar is sweet when it is tasted.

2) Active এর এর subject টিই passive voice এর subject হিসাবে বসে + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + মূল verb এর past participle + adjective টি বসে।
Active: Sugar tastes sweet.
Passive: Sugar is tasted sweet.

৩১৪.

You must shut the book now. (Make it passive)

ক
The book should be shut now.
খ
The book must have shutted now.
গ
The book must be shut now.
ঘ
The book must be shutted now.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active voice: You must shut the book now.
- Passive voice: The book must be shut now.

• May, might, can, could, shall, should, will, would, must, ought to, used to, ইত্যাদি modal auxiliary যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার সময়-
- Active voice এর object, subject হিসাবে বসে।
- তারপর modal auxiliary টি বসে।
- তারপর be বসে।
- তার পরেই মূল verb টির Past Participle বসে।
- by + active voice এর subject object হিসাবে বসে।

Structure:
- Active: Subject + modal + verb + object.
- Passive: Object + modal + be + past participle (+ by + subject).

৩১৫.

Doesn’t Fortune favour the brave? (Make it Passive)

ক
ক) Don’t the brave are favoured by Fortune?
খ
খ) Don’t the brave be favoured by Fortune?
গ
গ) Aren’t the brave favoured by Fortune?
ঘ
ঘ) Isn’t the brave favoured by Fortune?

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive Voice এ do/ does এর পরিবর্তে am/ is /are বসে। এখানে the brave (সাহসীরা) Plural হওয়ায় are হবে। মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

৩১৬.

Who broke the window? (Make it passive)

ক
By whom was the window broken?
খ
Who was the window broken by?
গ
The window was broken by whom?
ঘ
Both ক & খ

ব্যাখ্যা

সঠিক উত্তর ঘ) Both a & b

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Passive করার নিয়ম:
নিয়ম ১, By whom + was/were + Object + V3?
নিয়ম ২, Who + was/were + Object + V3 + by?

Active: Who broke the window?
Passive:
By whom was the window broken?
Who was the window broken by?

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৩১৭.

He read the newspaper. (Make it Passive)

ক
The newspaper is being read by him.
খ
The newspaper has been read by him.
গ
The newspaper was reading by him.
ঘ
The newspaper was read by him.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Past indefinite tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
• Structure:
- বাক্যের Object এর subjective form + was/were + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর objective form.
- Active: He read the newspaper
- Passive: The newspaper was read by him.
- এ বাক্যে Object হচ্ছে - newspaper এবং এটি হবে এখন - subject.
- যেহেতু বাক্যটি past indifinite tense এ রয়েছে, তাই সে অনুযায়ী auxiliary Verb বসেছে - was.
- verb - read এর past participle form হচ্ছে - read.
- এরপর বসবে by + Subject - he এর objective form him.

• এ জাতীয় আরোও একটি উদাহরণ হচ্ছে -
- Active: I ate rice.
- Passive: Rice was eaten by me.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain

৩১৮.

Rupu wants someone to take photographs. (Make it passive)

ক
Rupu wants photographs to be taken.
খ
Rupu wants to take photographs by someone.
গ
Rupu is wanted to be taken photographs.
ঘ
Rupu wanted someone to be taken photographs.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Subject-এর পর liking/loving/wanting/wishing etc. + object + infinitive যুক্ত Active Voice-কে Passive Voice-রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত active voice-এর subject + verb বসে,
- infinitive-এর পরের object (যদি থাকে) বসে,
- to be (passive infinitive) বসে,
- infinitive-এর পরের verb-এর past participle বসে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active: Rupu wants someone to take photographs.
Passive: Rupu wants photographs to be taken.

৩১৯.

'We must listen to his words' - বাক্যটির সঠিক পরিবর্তিত voice হবে -

ক
His words must be listened to.
খ
His words should be listened to.
গ
His words ought to be listened to.
ঘ
His words may be listened to.

ব্যাখ্যা

• May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার সময় -
- active এর object, subject হিসাবে বসে।
- এর পরে be বসে
- তার পরেই মূল verb টির Past Participle বসে।
- by বসে
- active এর subject object হিসাবে বসে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active: We must listen to his words
Passive: His words must be listened to.

৩২০.

I knew that he completed the project ahead of schedule. (Make it passive)

ক
It was known to me that he completed the project ahead of schedule.
খ
It was known to me that the project had completed by him ahead of schedule.
গ
It was known to me that the project had completed ahead of schedule.
ঘ
It was known to me that the project was completed ahead of schedule by him.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Complex এবং compound sentence-যুক্ত Active voice-কে passive-এ পরিণত করার সময় উভয় clause-এর voice পরিবর্তন করা হয়।
- প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি একটি complex sentence.
- তাই এর passive করবার ক্ষেত্রে উভয় clause-এর voice পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।
- known এর পর Passive Voice এ to ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• Past Indefinite tense কে passive করতে হলে -
Structure:
- Active voice এর object + was/were + v এর (past participle) + by+ subject এর object.
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - It was known to me that the project was completed ahead of schedule by him.

৩২১.

Change the voice - We knew the answer to the puzzle.

ক
The answer to the puzzle was known to us.
খ
The answer of the puzzle was known by us.
গ
The answer to the puzzle was known by us.
ঘ
The answer of the puzzle was known to us.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Past Indefinite Tense এর Active voice কে Passive করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object প্রথমে বসে +
- was/were +
- মূল verb এর past participle form +
- by +
- subject টির objective form বসে +
- extension.

• অনেক ক্ষেত্রে active voice এর subject কে passive voice এ object করার সময় by ছাড়া অন্য preposition বসে। যেমন: to, at, on, with ইত্যাদি।
- প্রদত্ত sentence এর verb হচ্ছে 'know'. Know এর পর preposition হিসেবে 'to' ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Active: We knew the answer to the puzzle.
Passive: The answer to the puzzle was known to us.

Source: Advancer Learner's HSC Communicative English by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩২২.

Which one is the correct passive form of the speech? Don't take the forget me not.

ক
Forget me not be taken by you
খ
Let not the forget me not be taken by you
গ
Let never taken the forget me not
ঘ
Let not taken by you forget me not

ব্যাখ্যা

• Do not দিয়ে শুরু যুক্ত Imperative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let not বসে
- Objectটি subject রূপে বসে
- be বসে
- মূল Verb-এর Past Participle বসে।

• সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active: Don't take the forget me not.
Passive: Let not the forget me not be taken by you.
- নিয়মানুযায়ী, এটিই সঠিক উত্তর হবে।

৩২৩.

Every disaster-affected victim has been compensated by the government. (Active)

ক
The government had compensated every disaster-affected victim.
খ
The government has compensated every disaster-affected victim.
গ
The government has been compensating every disaster-affected victim.
ঘ
The government have been compensating every disaster-affected victim.

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive Voice: Every disaster-affected victim has been compensated by the government.
Active Voice: The government has compensated every disaster-affected victim. (অপশন 'খ')

• Present perfect tense যুক্ত Passive Voice কে Active Voice করার নিয়ম -
→ প্রদও বাক্যটি paasive form- এ রয়েছে।
→ active voice- এ রূপান্তর করার সময় প্রথমে 'by' এর পরে object = the government, active voice- এ subject রূপে বসেছে।
→ by উঠে গেছে।
→ passive voice- এ auxiliary verb = has been, active voice- এ subject = The government- এর পর 'has' হিসেবে বসেছে।
→ 'has' এর পর principal verb এর past participle form = compensated বসেছে।
→ passive voice এর subject = Every disaster-affected victim, active voice- এ object হিসেবে বসেছে।

৩২৪.

Make it passive: Has anyone seen my photos?

ক
Has my photos be seen?
খ
Have my photos been seen?
গ
Has my photos been seen?
ঘ
My photos have been seen?

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active voice: Has anyone seen my photos?
- Passive voice: Have my photos been seen?

• Have/Has/Had যুক্ত interrogative sentence -এর passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে subject ও Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb (Have/Has/Had) বসবে।
- তারপর Active voice -এর object টি passive voice -এর subject হবে।
- তারপর been বসবে এবং মূল verb -এর past participle বসবে।
- তারপর preposition (by, with, to, at, in etc. বসবে)।
- এরপর active voice- এর subject টি passive voice - এর object হবে; (objective ফর্ম বসবে)।

- তবে subject হিসেবে someone/anyone ইত্যাদি থাকলে তা না লিখলেও চলে।

- সুতরাং, নিয়ম অনুসারে সঠিক passive form হবে - Have my photos been seen?

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৩২৫.

Choose the correct passive voice:
Active: He suggested giving up smoking.

ক
Smoking should given up by him.
খ
He advised giving up smoking.
গ
Giving up smoking were suggested by him.
ঘ
He suggested that smoking should be given up.

ব্যাখ্যা

Answer: He suggested that smoking should be given up.

• Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে: advice/ insist/ propose/ recommend/ suggest + gerund + object যুক্ত active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- Active Voice: He suggested giving up smoking.
- এই বাক্যে: Subject: He, → Verb: suggested ,→ Object: giving up smoking (gerund phrase)
Passive Voice এর নিয়ম:
Active voice থেকে passive voice করার সময়:
- Object টি subject হয়ে যায়।
- Verb এর past participle form ব্যবহার হয়।
- Original subject "by" এর সাথে যুক্ত হয়।

- Passive Structure: Subject + verb + that + object + should be + past participle (V3).
তাই উল্লেখিত বাক্যটির সঠিক passive form হলো - He suggested that smoking should be given up.

অন্যান্য অপশনের ব্যাখ্যা:
ক) Smoking should given up by him. - "should be given up" হওয়া উচিত। এখানে "be" বাদ পড়েছে। এছাড়া, এটি মূল subject ('He') এবং verb ('suggested') উপেক্ষা করেছে।
খ) He advised giving up smoking. এটা অন্য verb (advised) ব্যবহার করেছে, তাই এটি active থাকলেও মূল বাক্যের passive নয়।
গ) Giving up smoking were suggested by him. - Subject-verb agreement error ("was" needed, not "were").

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩২৬.

Never compromise your values. [change the voice]

ক
Let never your values be compromised.
খ
Let not your value be compromised.
গ
Let never your values compromised.
ঘ
Don't compromise your values.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: Never compromise your values.
Passive: Let never your values be compromised.

• Never যুক্ত Imperative Sentence কে Passive করার structure:
- প্রথমে Let Never বসে
- Object টি Subject রূপে বসে
- be বসে
- মূল verb এর Past participle হয়।

তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active: Never tell a lie.
Passive: Let never a lie be told.

৩২৭.

Change the voice-"They are serving the poor people"

ক
The poor people are being served by them.
খ
The poor people were being served by them.
গ
The poor people are been served by them.
ঘ
The poor people were been served by them.

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: The poor people are being served by them.

Present continuous tense এর ক্ষেত্রে Active voice থেকে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি Passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- Subject অনুযায়ী is being/ are being বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।

Other options:
খ) The poor people were being served by them.
- Present continuous tense হওয়ায় is being/ are being এর পর মূল verb এর past participle form বসে। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

গ) The poor people are been served by them.
- Present continuous tense এর passive Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে is being/ are being এর পর মূল verb এর past participle form বসে। এখানে "are been"এর ব্যবহার সঠিক নয়।

ঘ) The poor people were been served by them.
- Present continuous tense হওয়ায় is being/ are being এর পর মূল verb এর past participle form বসে। এখানে "were been"এর ব্যবহার সঠিক নয়।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩২৮.

Which one is passive voice?

ক
ক) Honey tastes sweet
খ
খ) Iron is felt hard
গ
গ) The bed feels soft
ঘ
ঘ) Rice sells cheap

ব্যাখ্যা

কোনো কোনো verb, active voice-এ ব্যবহৃত হয়েও passive- এর অর্থ প্রকাশ করে। ঐ সকল verb কে Quasi-passive verb (Quasi = half) বলে। এই ধরনের verb এর মধ্যে আছে- taste, feel, read, smell ইত্যাদি। Quasi-passive voice এর passive form: subject + be verb + main verb এর past participle + extension. সুতরাং এখানে passive voice হচ্ছে Iron is felt hard আর বাকিগুলো active voice।

৩২৯.

A storm has uprooted the tree. (passive)

ক
The tree is uprooted by a storm
খ
The tree has uprooted by a storm.
গ
The tree has been uprooted by a storm.
ঘ
The tree has been uprooted for a storm.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: A storm has uprooted the tree.
- Passive: The tree has been uprooted by a storm.

• Present perfect tense (have/has) যুক্ত sentence কে Active থেকে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম:
- Object → subject হয়।
- Subject ও tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb হিসেবে have been/ has been বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Subject → object হয়।

• More Examples:
- Active: The boy has broken the window.
- Passive: The window has been broken by the boy.

৩৩০.

The passive form of the sentence ‘We cannot achieve success without hard work.’ -

ক
ক) Success cannot be achieved without hard work.
খ
খ) Success cannot have been achieved without hard work.
গ
গ) Success cannot have been achieved by us without hard work.
ঘ
ঘ) Success cannot achieve without hard work.

ব্যাখ্যা

Explanation:
The active verb 'cannot achieve' becomes 'cannot be achieved' in the passive voice.
The agent (the person who performs the action) can be omitted in the passive voice.

Correct Sentence: Success cannot be achieved without hard work.

৩৩১.

Who is sending these messages? (Make it passive)

ক
By whom are these messages being sending?
খ
By who these messages are being sending?
গ
By who these messages are being send?
ঘ
By whom are these messages being sent?

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: Who is sending these messages?
Passive: By whom are these messages being sent?

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে।
- এরপর Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী modal auxiliary Verb বসাতে হয়।
- Object টি Subject হয়
- Tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/being/been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- সবার শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।

• Present Continuous Tense passive voice করার structure নিম্ন রূপ:
- Active form এর object + am/is/are + being + verb এর past participle + Active form এর Subject এর Objective form + extension.

৩৩২.

Who has taken my book? [Passive]

ক
By whom has my book to be taken?
খ
By whom has my book to been taken?
গ
By whom has my book being taken?
ঘ
By whom has my book been taken?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে।
- Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসাতে হয়।
- Object টি Subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/being/been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- সবার শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active: Who has taken my book?
Passive: By whom has my book been taken?

Example:
Active Voice: Who will clean the room?
Passive Voice: By whom will the room be cleaned?

Active Voice: Who teaches the children?
Passive Voice: By whom are the children taught?

Active Voice: Who is preparing the dinner?
Passive Voice: By whom is the dinner being prepared?

৩৩৩.

The correct passive form of: Who will guide the sightseers?

ক
Who will the sightseers be guided to?
খ
By whom the sightseers would be guided?
গ
By whom will the sightseers be guided?
ঘ
By whom the sightseers will be guided?

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: Who will guide the sightseers?
Passive: By whom will the sightseers be guided?

Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে।
- এরপর Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী modal auxiliary Verb বসাতে হয়।
- Object টি Subject হয়
- Tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/being/been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- সবার শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।

Structure: By whom + auxiliary verb + subject + V₃ + ?
More Examples:
- Active: Who will help you?
- Passive: By whom will you be helped?

- Active: Who has broken the glasses?
- Passive: By whom have the glasses been broken?

৩৩৪.

Change into passive: Do not laugh at the poor.

ক
ক) Let the poor be not laughed at.
খ
খ) Let the poor not be laughed at.
গ
গ) Let not the poor be laughed at.
ঘ
ঘ) Let not the poor be laughed by.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Voice change এর নিয়মানুযায়ী:
- Do not যুক্ত imperative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে voice change এর structure টি হল:
- প্রথমে Let not বসে + object টি subject হয় + be বসে + মূল verb এর past participle বসে।
- অর্থাৎ structure টি হবে এমন: Let not + object + be + V3.
- অতএব নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে: Let not the poor be laughed at.

৩৩৫.

Find the correct passive voice of the sentence- 'The drums are beating.'

ক
ক) The drums are beaten.
খ
খ) The drums are beaten by someone.
গ
গ) Drums are beaten.
ঘ
ঘ) The drums are being beaten.

ব্যাখ্যা

• 'The drums are beating.'- এটি একটি Quasi-Passive verb বিশিষ্ট বাক্য।
- Quasi-Passive (কর্মকর্তৃবাচ্য) গঠনগত দিক হতে active বুঝালেও অর্থের দিক হতে passive হয়।
- Quasi-Passive verb দুই প্রকারের। যথা:
1) Complement বিশিষ্ট এবং
2) Complement বিহীন।

'The drums are beating.'- এই বাক্যটি Compliment বিহীন।
• Compliment বিহীন Quasi-Passive verb বিশিষ্ট কোন বাক্যকে passive voice- এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Subject + be verb + being + Verb in past participle.

• তাই প্রদত্ত বাক্যটির সঠিক passive voice হবে- The drums are being beaten.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৩৩৬.

Ibrahim was born in 2022. (Make it passive)

ক
Ibrahim's mother borns him in 2022.
খ
Ibrahim's mother born him in 2022.
গ
Ibrahim's mother bore him in 2022.
ঘ
Ibrahim's mother bears him in 2022.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive Voice এ যদি by + Object না থাকে এবং verb টি যদি পেশা বা নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর সাথে Related কাজ হয় তাহলে ঐ পেশাজীবী বা ঐ নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর নাম Subject হিসেবে বসাতে হবে।
যেমন:
Active: He was born in 1960.
Passive: His mother bore him in 1960.

• Active: Water was irrigated.
- Passive: Farmers irrigated water.

• Active: Rome was not built in a day.
- Passive: The Romans did not build Rome in a day.

• তেমনি ভাবে, Ibrahim was born in I994. - এই বাক্যে - by + Object নেই, তাই নিয়মানুসারে একটি subject আনতে হবে।
- তাই এখানে subject হিসেবে Ibrahim's mother আসবে।
- সঠিক উত্তর হবে -
• Active: Ibrahim was born in 2022.
- Passive: Ibrahim's mother bore him in 2022.

৩৩৭.

George Bernard Shaw is considered the greatest dramatist after Shakespeare. (Make it Active)

ক
ক) People consider George Bernard Shaw the greatest dramatist after Shakespeare.
খ
খ) The greatest dramatist after Shakespeare consider him.
গ
গ) Shakespeare consider George Bernard Shaw the greatest dramatist.
ঘ
ঘ) People considers George Bernard Shaw the greatest dramatist after Shakespeare.

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive Sentence এ ক্রিয়ার কর্তা দেয়া না থাকলে Passive থেকে Active করার সময় একটি সুবিধাজনক কর্তা যেমন: someone, somebody, people, the authority ইত্যাদি ধরে নিতে হয়।
এখানে Subject নেই। তাই কাজ অনুযায়ী Subject আনা হয়েছে people. আর এটা Plural হওয়ায় সে অনুযায়ী Verb বসবে।

সে অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তর: People consider George Bernard Shaw the greatest dramatist after Shakespeare.

৩৩৮.

People in Egypt speak Arabic. (Passive)

ক
Arabic is spoken in egypt.
খ
In egypt Arabic is spoken.
গ
Arabic is spoken in Egypt.
ঘ
Arabic is being spoken by people in Egypt.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: People in Egypt speak Arabic.
Passive Voice: Arabic is spoken in Egypt.

• Present indefinite tense যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম -
→ প্রথমে object = Arabic, passive voice- এ subject = Arabic রূপে বসেছে।
→ Passive voice- এ subject = Arabic এর পর active voice- এর tense অনুসারে auxiliary verb = is বসেছে।
→ 'is' এরপর principal verb- এর past participle form = spoken বসেছে।
→ spoken এরপর in Egypt = optional extension হিসেবে বসেছে।
→ এরপর by + people ঊহ্য রাখা হয়েছে।

৩৩৯.

A perfectly ripe mango tastes luscious. (Make it passive)

ক
A perfectly ripe mango as is tasted luscious.
খ
A perfectly ripe mango is tasted luscious.
গ
A perfectly ripe mango is to being tasted luscious.
ঘ
A perfectly ripe mango when is tasted luscious.

ব্যাখ্যা

• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি একটি Quasi-passive sentence.
- যে sentence গঠনে active কিন্তু অর্থে passive বা অন্যের দ্বারা সংঘটিত হয় এমন বোঝায়, তাকে Quasi-passive sentence বলে।
- এই ধরনের sentence কে দুই ভাবে passive করা যায়। যেমন:

1) Active voice এর subject টিই passive voice এর subject হিসাবে বসে + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + adjective টি বসে + when + প্রথম subject অনুযায়ী if/they বসে + আবারো tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + মূল verb এর past participle.
Active: A perfectly ripe mango tastes luscious.
Passive: A perfectly ripe mango is luscious when it is tasted sweet.

2) Active এর subject টিই passive voice এর subject হিসাবে বসে + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + মূল verb এর past participle + adjective টি বসে।
Active: A perfectly ripe mango tastes luscious.
Passive: A perfectly ripe mango is tasted luscious.

৩৪০.

Who will help her? (Make it passive)

ক
Whom she will be helped?
খ
Who will be helped her?
গ
Who would be helped her?
ঘ
By whom will she be helped?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active: Who will help her?
• Passive: By whom will she be helped?

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে।
- Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসাতে হয়।
- Object টি Subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/being/been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- সবার শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।

৩৪১.

Organize the books on the rack. (Make it passive)

ক
The books on the rack have to be organized.
খ
Let the books on the rack be organized.
গ
Let the books on the rack organized by you.
ঘ
The books on the rack be organized by you.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active: Organize the books on the rack.
• Passive: Let the books on the rack be organized.

• Imperative Sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে,
শুধুমাত্র মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
i) প্রথমে Let বসে +
ii) Object টি Subject রূপে বসে +
iii) be বসে +
iv) Verb এর past participle বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition.

৩৪২.

Which of the following sentences is written in the present perfect and passive voice?

ক
The work was done by him.
খ
The work is being done by him.
গ
The work has been done by him.
ঘ
The work will have been done by him.

ব্যাখ্যা

→ The correct answer: গ) The work has been done by him.

⇒ কোন কাজ পূর্বে শুরু হয়ে বর্তমানে চলছে বুঝালে Present Perfect Tense হয়।
- Present Perfect Tense এর Structure: Subject + has/have + V3 + extension.

⇒ Present perfect tense এর passive voice করার structure:
- Object টি subjective form + have been/ has been + মূল verb এর past participle + by + subject এর objective form.

উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নে structure অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তর গ) The work has been done by him.

৩৪৩.

We know that our behaviour did not satisfy you. (Make it passive)

ক
It is known by us that our behaviour did not satisfy you.
খ
It is known to us that our behaviour did not satisfy you.
গ
It is known by us that you were not satisfied by our behaviour.
ঘ
It is known to us that you were not satisfied with our behaviour.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Complex এবং compound sentence-যুক্ত Active voice-কে passive-এ পরিণত করার সময় উভয় clause-এর voice পরিবর্তন করা হয়।
- প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি একটি complex sentence.
- তাই এর passive করবার ক্ষেত্রে উভয় clause-এর voice পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।
- known এর পর Passive Voice এ to ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- satisfied এর পর Passive Voice এ with ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• Past Indefinite tense কে passive করতে হলে -Active voice এর object + was/were + v এর(past participle) + by+ subject এর object.
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - It is known to us that you were not satisfied with our behaviour.

৩৪৪.

Please buy me that novel. (Make it passive)

ক
You are requested to buy me that novel.
খ
I request you to give me that novel.
গ
You were requested to buy me that novel.
ঘ
You are being requested buy me that novel.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active: Please buy me that novel.
• Passive: You are requested to buy me that novel.

• Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb.
- মূল verb এর past participle + Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।

- Active voice এর শুরুতে Please থাকলে passive voice-এ "you are requested to" বসে।
- active voice টি present এ রয়েছে তাই passive voice এ present tense হবে।

৩৪৫.

Identify the correct passive form of- 'Do the work.'

ক
The work should be done.
খ
Let the work be done.
গ
Let work has to be done.
ঘ
Let the work to be done.

ব্যাখ্যা

• মূল verb দ্বারা শুরু হওয়া Imperative sentence এর passive structure হলো:
- Let + obj + be + vpp.

Example:
Act: Do not shut the door.
pass: Let not the door be shut.

উপরের নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে- Let the work be done.

Source: A passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৩৪৬.

They decorated the cake themselves. (Make it passive)

ক
They themselves decorated the cake.
খ
The cake is decorated by themselves.
গ
They decorated the cake by themselves.
ঘ
They themselves was decorated the cake.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Reflexive object যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
• Reflexive object গুলো হচ্ছে - himself, myself, themself, ourself etc.

• Structure:
- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর Subject টি অপরিবর্তিত অবস্থায় Passive voice এর Subject হিসাবে প্রথমে বসে + tense ও person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + মূল verb এর past participle form বসে + by বসে + Reflexive object টি বসে।

• Active: They decorated the cake themselves.
- Passive: They decorated the cake by themselves.

৩৪৭.

'It has to be done by me' - বাক্যটির সঠিক পরিবর্তিত voice হবে -

ক
I must do it
খ
I should do it
গ
I must have done it
ঘ
I have to do it

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Passive Voice কে Active Voice করতে হলে সাধারণত ৫টি কাজ করতে হয়।
1. Object → Subject হবে আর Subject Object হবে।
২. মূল Verb এর ঠিক আগের 'be' Verb ছাড়া যদি অন্য কোন Auxiliary Verb থাকে, তাহলে সেটা বসবে ।
৩. মূল Verb এর ঠিক আগের 'be' Verb বাদ যাবে।
৪. মূল Verb এর ঠিক আগের 'be' Verb এর গঠন অনুযায়ী মূল Verb বসবে।
৫. একটি Preposition (by / to / with/ at/ in) বাদ যাবে।

Passive: It has to be done by me.
Active: I have to do it.

৩৪৮.

Change it into passive:
Let the children finish the homework.

ক
Let the homework to be finished by the children.
খ
Let the homework finished by the children.
গ
Let the homework be finished by the children.
ঘ
Let the homework being finished by the children.

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: Let the homework be finished by the children.

• Let + ব্যক্তিবাচক object যুক্ত Imperative sentence -এর Active voice কে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসে।
- বস্তুবাচক Object বসে।
- be বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- ব্যক্তিবাচক object বসে।
- Active Voice: Let the children finish the homework.
- Passive Voice: Let the homework be finished by the children.

Other Options:
ক) to be finished → “to be” infinitive passive ব্যবহার imperatives এ হয় না।

খ) finished → “be” বাদ দেওয়া, তাই grammatically ভুল।

ঘ) being finished → continuous passive, imperative sentence এর জন্য ভুল।

৩৪৯.

Choose the correct passive form of the sentence:
“Keep the door closed.”

ক
The door is closed.
খ
The door must be closed.
গ
Let the door be kept closed.
ঘ
The door has been closed.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct answer: Let the door be kept closed.

- “Keep the door closed.”
- Imperative sentence এর passive রূপ তৈরিতে সাধারণত "Let" দিয়ে শুরু করা হয়।
- Let+ Subject+ be+ verb এর past participle + rest of the sentence.
- “Let the door be kept closed." হলো সঠিক passive রূপ যা আদেশ বা অনুরোধ প্রকাশ করে।
- বাকিরা tense বা কাঠামোর দিক থেকে ভুল হওয়ায় সঠিক উত্তর নয়।

Other options:
ক) The door is closed. → এটি সাধারণ present tense (habitual action) বোঝায়; আদেশের passive নয়।

খ) The door must be closed. → এটি অনুমান বা অবস্থা বোঝায়, নির্দেশ নয়; ভুল।

ঘ) The door has been closed. → এটি present perfect tense; passive imperative নয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৩৫০.

Change the voice: The jury decided to release the accused.

ক
The jury decided that the accused should be released.
খ
The jury decided that the accused be released.
গ
The accused be released by the jury.
ঘ
The accused decided to release by the jury.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: The jury decided to release the accused.
- Passive: The jury decided that the accused should be released.

• Agree/be anxious /arrange/decide/ determine/be determined/ demand + infinitive object যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice করতে হলে:
- প্রথমে প্রদত্ত active voice -এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- that বসে।
- Infinitive -এর পরের object বসবে।
- should be বসে।
- Infinitive -এর past participle বসে।

• Structure: Subject + verb + that + object + should be + past participle of Infinitive.

More Examples:
- Active voice: The committee agreed to reschedule the session.
- Passive voice: The committee agreed that the session should be rescheduled.

৩৫১.

Change the voice: "Never break the rules."

ক
Let the rules ever be broken.
খ
Let not the rules ever broken.
গ
Let not the rules ever be broken.
ঘ
Let the rules is not ever be broken.

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: গ) Let not the rules ever be broken.

⇒ Never যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: Let not + object এর subject + ever be + v3 (verb past participle )
অর্থাৎ- Let not + object + ever be + verb (past participle form).

⇒ Active voice-এ যদি "Never" যুক্ত থাকে, তাহলে passive voice-এ এটি "Let not" দিয়ে শুরু হবে। এরপর:
- Object → Subject হিসেবে কাজ করবে।
- Verb → Passive form (be + V3) হবে।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active voice: Never break the rules.
Passive voice: Let not the rules ever be broken.

অন্য অপশনগুলো:
ক) Let the rules ever be broken. — এখানে not নেই, তাই অর্থ বদলে গেছে।
খ) Let not the rules ever broken. — এখানে be বাদ গেছে, তাই Passive form অসম্পূর্ণ।
ঘ) Let the rules is not ever be broken. — এখানে is বসানো হয়েছে, যা গঠনগতভাবে ভুল।

Examples:
Active: Never tell a lie.
Passive: Let not a lie ever be told.

৩৫২.

Identify the passive form of the following sentence: "Who has broken this Jug?"

ক
By whom has this Jug been broken?
খ
By whom has this Jug broken?
গ
By whom this Jug has been broken?
ঘ
Whom has this Jug been broken?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Who দ্বারা শুরু হওয়া বাক্যের ক্ষেত্রে passive voice এর শুরুতে By whom, তারপর একটি auxiliary verb এবং sentence এর subject বসে।
- Auxiliary verb টি subject এর number ও person অনুযায়ী হয়।
- Interrogative বাক্যের passive voice interrogative বাক্যই হয়।

• উপরোক্ত শর্তের আলোকে,
- By whom has this jug been broken?" বাক্যটি কেবলমাত্র passive voice structure অনসুরণ করছে এবং tense অনুযায়ী সঠিক অর্থ প্রদান করছে।
- সুতরাং সঠিক Passive বাক্যটি হবে, By whom has this Jug been broken?

Source:
1. Advanced Learner's Communicative English by Chowdhury & Hossain.
2. Applied English Grammar & Composition by P.C. Das.

৩৫৩.

Identify the correct passive form:
‘Do not close the window.’

ক
Let not the window close.
খ
Let not the window closed.
গ
Let not window closed.
ঘ
Let not the window be closed.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: Do not close the window.
Passive Voice: Let not the window be closed.

Imperative Sentence কে Passive Voice করতে হলে –
i) বাক্যের শুরুতে Let বসে।
ii) Active Voice এ Do not থাকলে Passive Voice এ শুধু not বসে।
iii) Active Voice এর Object – Subject এর স্থানে বসে।
iv) be বসে।
v) মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

৩৫৪.

We ought to attend the meeting. (Make it passive)

ক
The meeting ought be attended by us.
খ
The meeting ought to be attend by us.
গ
The meeting ought to attended by us.
ঘ
The meeting ought to be attended by us.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: We ought to attend the meeting.
Passive: The meeting ought to be attended by us.

• May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার সময় -
- active এর object, subject হিসাবে বসে।
- এর পরে be বসে
- তার পরেই মূল verb টির Past Participle বসে।
- by বসে
- active এর subject object হিসাবে বসে।

৩৫৫.

In each of the following questions, a sentence has been given in Active voice. Out of the four alternatives suggested select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Passive voice (Qs. 31-32).
Did you intimate others?

ক
Did others were intimated by you?
খ
Were others intimated by you?
গ
Had others been intimated by?
ঘ
Did others intimated by you?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:

• Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।
- Active Voice এ Auxiliary Verb হিসেবে did থাকলে Passive Voice এ এটাকে বাদ দিয়ে তার জায়গায় was/ were বসে আর মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

• সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active voice: Did you intimate others?
Passive voice: Were others intimated by you?

৩৫৬.

The students were taking notes. (Make it passive)

ক
Notes were been taken by the students.
খ
Notes were taken by the students.
গ
Notes being taken by the students.
ঘ
Notes were being taken by the students.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Past Continuous Tense এর Active voice থেকে Passive voice করার নিয়ম:

- Object টির subjective form + was being/were being + মূল verb এর past participle + by + subject এর objective form.

সুতরাং,

Active Voice: The students were taking notes.

Passive Voice: Notes were being taken by the students.

৩৫৭.

'Let the book be read by you' বাক্যের ‍active form হচ্ছে -

ক
Read the book.
খ
You are to read the book.
গ
Let read the book by you.
ঘ
Let the book be reading by you.

ব্যাখ্যা

Let যুক্ত Imperative বাক্যকে (Let + Object + be + Verb এর Past Participle + by + You)
Active form এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম হলো -
Verb + Object (এক্ষেত্রে by you উহ্য থাকবে)
অর্থাৎ,
→ Let the sum be done by you.
- Do the sum.

• সুতরাং এখানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে Read the book.

Source: Advanced Learner's Grammar And Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain

৩৫৮.

I had written a letter. (Make it passive)

ক
ক) A letter was written by me.
খ
খ) A letter was being written by me.
গ
গ) A letter had been written by me.
ঘ
ঘ) A letter was wrote by me

ব্যাখ্যা

I had written a letter- এই sentence টি Present Perfect Tense এ আছে।

• Past perfect Tense এর Active voice থেকে Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Object টি subjective form + had been + মূল verb এর past participle + by + subject এর objective form.
- তাই passive form হবে: A letter had been written by me.

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৫৯.

“You are requested not to make noise”. (Make it active)

ক
Stop making noise.
খ
Do not make noise.
গ
Kindly do not make noise.
ঘ
Please, you are requested to stop making noise.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive voice কে Active voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম:
- Passive voice এর object‌ টি Active Voice এর subject হয়,
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে,
- মূল verb এর base form হয়,
- Passive voice এর subject টি Active voice এর object হয়,
- তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) উঠে যায়।

• Passive voice এ “You are requested to” থাকলে active voice এ please/ kindlly ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - Please/kindly do not make noise.

৩৬০.

Common people know him to be a kind-hearted leader. (Make it passive)

ক
ক) A kind-hearted leader is known him by common people.
খ
খ) He is known to be a kind-hearted leader by common people.
গ
গ) He is known to be a kind-hearted leader with common people.
ঘ
ঘ) He is known to be a kind-hearted leader to common people.

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive Voice এ known এর পর Object এর আগে to বসে।

৩৬১.

Change to passive voice:
They deliver the parcels every morning.

ক
The parcels delivered every morning.
খ
The parcels are delivered every morning.
গ
The parcels will deliver every morning.
ঘ
The parcels were delivering every morning.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct answer: The parcels are delivered every morning.

- They deliver the parcels every morning.
- বাক্যটি Present Simple Tense এ আছে (“They deliver”)।
- Present Simple Passive হয়: Subject + are/is + verb-এর past participle.
- Active voice এর object “The parcels” passive voice এর subject হয়।
- The parcels are delivered every morning.

Other options:
- অপশন ক) The parcels delivered every morning. অসম্পূর্ণ কারণ auxiliary verb নাই।

- অপশন গ) The parcels will deliver every morning. Active voice এর Future tense, ভুল।

- অপশন ঘ) The parcels were delivering every morning. Past Continuous tense, এখানে ভুল প্রয়োগ।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৩৬২.

Who painted this beautiful picture? (Change into passive voice)

ক
By who was this beautiful picture painted?
খ
By whom is this beautiful picture painted?
গ
By whom was this beautiful picture painted?
ঘ
By who is this beautiful picture painted?

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: Who painted this beautiful picture?
Passive: By whom was this beautiful picture painted?
- Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice এর রূপান্তরের ক্ষেত্রে "Who"-এর পরিবর্তে: বাক্যের শুরুতে By whom বসে।

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice এর রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে By whom দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হবে।
- tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- অনেক সময় be/ being/ been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল Verb এর past participle হয়।
- Question mark (?) হয়।

Other options:
ক) By who was this beautiful picture painted?
- এটি ভুল কারণ, "Who"-এর পরিবর্তে: বাক্যের শুরুতে By whom বসে।

খ) By whom is this beautiful picture painted?
- এটি ভুল কারণ, Active voice টি Past Tense-এ, তাই এখানে tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb হিসেবে "was" হওয়া আবশ্যক।

ঘ) By who is this beautiful picture painted?
- এটি ভুল কারণ, "Who"-এর পরিবর্তে: বাক্যের শুরুতে By whom বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৬৩.

A stranger has knocked at the door several times. (Passive)

ক
The door has being knocked at by a stranger several times.
খ
The door has been knocked on by a stranger several times.
গ
The door was knocked at by a stranger several times.
ঘ
The door has been knocked at by a stranger several times.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Present perfect Tense এর Active voice থেকে Passive voice করার নিয়ম -
- Object টি subjective form + have been/ has been + মূল verb এর past participle + by + subject এর objective form.
- Active Voice এর sentence এ কোনো Group verb থাকলে Voice change করার সময় Group verb এর Preposition টি verb এর সাথেই থাকে; এর পরে by বসাতে হয়।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী, সঠিক উত্তর হবে -
Active Voice: A stranger has knocked at the door several times.
Passive Voice: The door has been knocked at by a stranger several times.

৩৬৪.

'He heard her sing.' The passive voice of the sentence is -

ক
ক) She was heard to sing by him
খ
খ) She was heard sing by him
গ
গ) She is heard to sing
ঘ
ঘ) She was heard to be sung

ব্যাখ্যা

Need, watch, dare, make, hear, feel ,let, know, behold, প্রভৃতি verb এর পর Active voice এর to উহ্য থাকে। তবে Passive করার সময় তাদের পরে to বসে। সুতরাং সঠিক উত্তর হবে অপশন (ক)।

৩৬৫.

Who invited the guests to the party? (make it passive)

ক
By whom was the guests invited to the party?
খ
By whom were the guests invited to the party?
গ
By whom were the guests being invited to the party?
ঘ
Whom were the guests invited to the party by?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice এর রুপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে By whom দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হবে।
- tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- অনেক সময় be/ being/ been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Question mark (?) হয়।

• Active voice: Who invited the guests to the party?
• Passive voice: By whom were the guests invited to the party?

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৬৬.

Choose the passive voice of 'Who had decorated the hall for the party?'

ক
By whom the hall had been decorated for the party?
খ
Who had the hall been decorated for the party by?
গ
By whom had the hall been decorated for the party?
ঘ
The hall had been decorated for the party by whom?

ব্যাখ্যা

Who-যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence-কে Passive করার নিয়ম:

- Who-এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে +

- Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে +

- Objectটি Subject হয় +

- অনেক সময় Tense অনুযায়ী, কর্তার পরে be/being/been বসাতে হয় +

- মূল Verb-এর Past Participle হয় +

- প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।

Active: Who had decorated the hall for the party?

Passive: By whom had the hall been decorated for the party?

৩৬৭.

Abu Sayed is called a hero for his brave actions. (Make it active)

ক
Hero for his brave actions is called to Abu Sayed.
খ
People call Abu Sayed a hero for his brave actions.
গ
People did call Abu Sayed a hero for being his brave actions.
ঘ
It was hero Abu Sayed was called for his brave actions.

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive Voice: Abu Sayed is called a hero for his brave actions.
Active Voice: People call Abu Sayed a hero for his brave actions.

• আমজনতার সাথে Related কাজ হলে Subject হিসেবে People বসাতে হবে।
- প্রথমে People বসাতে হবে।
- মূল Verb এর ঠিক আগের 'be' Verb 'was' বাদ যাবে।
- মূল Verb এর ঠিক আগের 'be' Verb এর গঠন অনুযায়ী মূল Verb বসবে।
- Subject টি Object হবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।

৩৬৮.

Who is calling me? (Passive)

ক
By whom am I called?
খ
By whom I am called?
গ
By whom I was called?
ঘ
By whom am I being called?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence কে Active Voice থেকে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে By whom হবে।
- Tense অনুসারে Verb এর পরিবর্তন হবে।
- প্রশ্ন প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি Future indefinite tense এ রয়েছে।

• structure: By whom + will + obj + be + verb এর পর past particle + extension.
- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে - By whom am I being called?

৩৬৯.

What has Ripa done? (passive)

ক
What is done by Ripa?
খ
What has been done by Ripa?
গ
What is being done by Ripa?
ঘ
What was done by Ripa?

ব্যাখ্যা

• What যুক্ত interrogative sentence এর Active voice কে passive voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:

- What প্রথমে বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Subject টির objective form বসে।
- প্রশ্নবোধক (?) চিহ্ন বসে।

Active: What has Ripa done?
Passive: What has been done by Ripa?

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৭০.

They agreed to build a bridge. (make it passive)

ক
They agreed that a bridge should be being built.
খ
They agreed that a bridge should have been built.
গ
They agreed that a bridge should built.
ঘ
They agreed that a bridge should be built

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: They agreed that a bridge should be built.

• Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ requested/ demand + infinitive object যুক্ত sentence কে Active Voice কে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Active Voice এর Subject ও Verb বসবে।
- that বসে।
- Infinitive এর পরের Object বসবে।
- should be বসে।
- Infinitive এর পরের verb এর Past Participle বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৭১.

Select the best one that expresses the same sentence in passive voice.
The teacher decided to postpone the exam.

ক
The exam postponed by the teacher.
খ
The teacher decided that the exam should postponed.
গ
The teacher decided that the exam should be postponed.
ঘ
The exam was being postponed by the teacher.

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: গ) The teacher decided that the exam should be postponed.

Active voice: The teacher decided to postpone the exam.
Passive voice: The teacher decided that the exam should be postponed.

- Agree / be anxious / arrange / determine / be determined / decide / demand + infinitive object যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice করতে হলে:
- Active-এর subject ও verb বসবে, তারপর that.
- Infinitive-এর object বসবে,
- তারপর should be,
- Infinitive-এর past participle.

Structure: Subject + verb + that + object + should be + past participle of infinitive.

৩৭২.

The correct passive form of: Do not waste water.

ক
Let the water not wasted.
খ
Let not water be wasted.
গ
Let not wasted be water.
ঘ
Let the water be not wasted.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active Voice: Do not waste water.
• Passive Voice: Let not water be wasted.

• Do not দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া imperative sentence -এর active voice থেকে passive করার নিয়ম:
→ প্রথমে Let not বসে;
→ Active voice এর object টির subject রূপে বসে;
→ be বসে;
→ মূল verb -এর past participle বসে।

• Structure: Let not + object টির subject হয় + be + মূল verb এর past participle + extensions.

• সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী, সঠিক Passive form হলো- Let not water be wasted.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.

৩৭৩.

I helped her solve the problem. (Passive)

ক
ক) She was helped solve them problem
খ
খ) The problem was solved by me
গ
গ) Her problem was solved by me
ঘ
ঘ) She was helped to solve the problem by me

ব্যাখ্যা

Help/See + object + infinitive/bare infinitive থাকলে passive voice এর বেলায় help/see এর জায়গায় এদের v3 form হবে এবং Help/see/teach এর পর ব্যক্তি বা বস্তু থাকলে verb এর base form বসে অথবা to + verb বসে।
structure: obj.কে sub + was + verb3 + to + verb + obj + by + sub এর objective form হয়।
সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - She was helped to solve the problem by me।

৩৭৪.

Translate the following sentence.
কাজটি শেষ করা হোক।

ক
Let the work done.
খ
Let the work will do.
গ
Let us finish the work.
ঘ
Let the work be done.

ব্যাখ্যা

• কাজটি শেষ করা হোক।
- উপরোক্ত বাক্যটি হচ্ছে - passive voice এ।
- Let + বাক্যের Object হবে Subject + be + verb এর past participle form.
- তাই বাক্যটিএ সঠিক ইংরেজী অনুবাদ হবে -
- Let the work be done.

Source: Collins Dictionary.

৩৭৫.

Irin has made tea. (Make it passive voice)

ক
Tea is being made by Irin
খ
Tea was being made by Irin
গ
Tea has been made by Irin
ঘ
Tea have been make by Irin

ব্যাখ্যা

Present perfect Tense এর Active voice থেকে Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
Object টির subjective form + have been/ has been + মূল verb এর past participle + by + subject এর objective form.
যেমন-
Active voice: Irin has made tea.
Passive voice: Tea has been made by Irin.

৩৭৬.

Change the voice of the following sentence:
Plumeria smells sweet.

ক
Plumeria is sweet when it smells.
খ
Plumeria is sweet when it is smelled.
গ
Plumeria is sweet when it is being smelled.
ঘ
Plumeria is sweet when it smelled.

ব্যাখ্যা

Quasi-Passive active Voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- Adjective টি বসে।
- when বসে।
- it/they প্রথম subject অনুযায়ী বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।

Active voice: Plumeria smells sweet.
Passive voice: Plumeria is sweet when it is smelled.

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

৩৭৭.

The correct passive form of: "My mentor embodies all the best traits."

ক
All the best traits are embodied in my mentor.
খ
All the best traits are embodied by my mentor.
গ
All the best traits are embodied to my mentor.
ঘ
All the best traits are embodied on my mentor.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: My mentor embodies all the best traits.
- Passive: All the best traits are embodied in my mentor.

• Present indefinite tense - এর assertive sentence -এর active voice -কে passive voice -করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়ে যায়।
- তারপর Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb (am/is/are) বসবে।
- মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- তারপর preposition (by, with, to, at, in etc. বসবে)।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়ে যায়।

• সাধারণত, আমরা জানি passive voice এ obj এর পূর্বে preposition হিসেবে by বসে।
- তবে কিছু verb আছে যেগুলোর পরে passive এ in বসে।
- যেমন: Embody, Contain, Include, ইত্যাদি।

Source:
1. A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
2. Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.

৩৭৮.

The report has been compiled by him. (Make it active)

ক
He compiled the report.
খ
He has compiled the report.
গ
He has compile the report.
ঘ
He has been compiled the report.

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Passive Voice কে Active Voice করতে হলে সাধারণত ৫টি কাজ করতে হয়।
1. Object → Subject হবে আর Subject Object হবে।
২. মূল Verb এর ঠিক আগের 'be' Verb ছাড়া যদি অন্য কোন Auxiliary Verb থাকে, তাহলে সেটা বসবে ।
৩. মূল Verb এর ঠিক আগের 'be' Verb বাদ যাবে।
৪. মূল Verb এর ঠিক আগের 'be' Verb এর গঠন অনুযায়ী মূল Verb বসবে।
৫. একটি Preposition (by / to / with/ at/ in) বাদ যাবে।

Passive: The report has been compiled by him.
Active: He has compiled the report.

৩৭৯.

Select the correct passive form:
The manager decided to approve the budget immediately.

ক
The manager decided that the budget should be approve immediately.
খ
The manager decided that the budget be approved immediately.
গ
The manager decided that the budget to be approved immediately.
ঘ
The manager decided that the budget should be approved immediately.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: The manager decided that the budget should be approved immediately.

• Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:

- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- that বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের Object (direct object) বসবে।
- should be বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle বসবে।

Other Options:
ক) The manager decided that the budget should be approve immediately.
→ “approve” ভুল, past participle “approved” দরকার।

খ) The manager decided that the budget be approved immediately.
→ subjunctive-এর মতো শোনাচ্ছে, formal passive sentence নয়।

গ) The manager decided that the budget to be approved immediately.
→ “to be” infinitive passive reported speech এ সঠিক নয়।

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৮০.

Who is disturbing the class? (Passive)

ক
By whom the class being disturbed at?
খ
By whom is the class being disturbed?
গ
By whom the class be disturbed?
ঘ
To whom is the class being disturbed?

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active voice: Who is disturbing the class?
- Passive voice: By whom is the class being disturbed?

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence -এর Active voice কে Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Who -এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে।
- তারপর tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
- Auxiliary Verb দুইটি হলে প্রথমটি subject -এর আগে এবং দ্বিতিয়টি subject -এর পরে বসে।
- Active voice -এর object টি passive voice -এর subject হিসেবে বসে।
- মূল verb -এর past participle + verb -এর সাথে সংযুক্ত preposition + (?) বসে।

• More examples:
- Active: Who is making this noise?
- Passive: By whom is this noise being made?

- Active: Who is calling me?
- Passive: By whom am I being called?

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৩৮১.

I saw him go out. (make it passive)

ক
He was seen to go out by me.
খ
He is seen to go out by me.
গ
He was seen going out by me.
ঘ
He is seen going out by me.

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: He was seen to go out by me.
- Make, See, Feel, Let, Know, heed, Bid, Dare, Watch ইত্যাদি Verb-এর ক্ষেত্রে Active-এ Bare Infinitive (অর্থাৎ 'to' ছাড়া Verb) থাকলেও Passive-এ 'to' ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

• Make, See, Feel, Let, Know, heed, Bid, Dare, Watch ইত্যাদি Verb থাকলে Active Voice কে Passive Voice রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর Object টি Passive voice এর Subject হিসেবে বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর Past participle form বসে।
- Make, See, Feel, Let, Know, heed, Bid, Dare, Watch ইত্যাদি Verb থাকলে Active Voice এ to উহ্য থাকে।
- কিন্তু Passive করার সময় তাদের পর to বসে এবং ২য় verb টির Present form বসে।
- তবে, Let Verb টির পরে Active ও Passive Voice এ To বসে না।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৮২.

Don't skip your skincare routine. (Make it passive)

ক
Let not your skincare routine skipped.
খ
Let not your skincare routine being skipped.
গ
Let not your skincare routine be skiped.
ঘ
Let not your skincare routine be skipped.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: Don't skip your skincare routine.
Passive Voice: Let not your skincare routine be skipped.

• Imperative Sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে, শুধুমাত্র মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
i) প্রথমে Let বসে +
ii) Object টি Subject রূপে বসে +
iii) be বসে + (Negative Sentence হলে 'be' এর পূর্বে not বসে)
iv) Verb এর past participle বসে।

৩৮৩.

The coach teaches the players new strategies. (Make it passive)

ক
By the coach new strategies were taught to the players.
খ
New strategies were taught to the players by the coach.
গ
The players are taught new strategies by the coach.
ঘ
To the players, new strategies are taught by the coach.

ব্যাখ্যা

• প্রশ্ন প্রদত্ত The coach teaches the players new strategies বাক্যে দুইটি object রয়েছে - the players and new strategies.
- এর voice change দুইভাবে করা সম্ভব -
- The players are taught new strategies by the coach.
- New strategies are taught to the players by the coach.

• Active voice এ double object থাকলে passive করার নিয়মঃ
- দুটি object- এর যেকোনটি subject হিসেবে নেয়া হয় (ব্যক্তিবাচক object-টি পরিবর্তন করা ভাল)
- Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb
- Verb-এর past participle
- অন্য object
- by
- active voice-এর subject-টি object হিসেবে লেখা হয়।

• যেহেতু প্রশ্নে, The players are taught new strategies by the coach. রয়েছে তাই এটি সঠিক উত্তর।

৩৮৪.

Why was Kazi Nazrul punished by the British Government? (Make it Active)

ক
ক) Why the British Government punished Kazi Nazrul?
খ
খ) Why did the British Government punished Kazi Nazrul?
গ
গ) Why did the British Government punish Kazi Nazrul?
ঘ
ঘ) For why the British Government punished Kazi Nazrul?

ব্যাখ্যা

Past Indefinite Tense এ প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্যে Active Voice এ was/were এর পরিবর্তে did- Subject এর আগে বসাতে হয়।
Did আগে বসার কারণে subject এর পরের verb-টি Base form এ ব্যবহৃত হয়।
আর Why - Adverb হওয়ায় Passive করার ক্ষেত্রে এর কোন Function নেই।

৩৮৫.

Change the voice:
The assignment will be completed by the team before the deadline.

ক
The team will be being completed the assignment before the deadline.
খ
The team will be complete the assignment before the deadline.
গ
The team will complete the assignment by the deadline.
ঘ
The team will complete the assignment before the deadline.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active থেকে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তর করার প্রক্রিয়া:
a) Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়ে যায়।
b) Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject এ রুপান্তর হয়।
c) মূল verb এর past participle হয় এবং subject ও tense অনুসারে auxiliary verb/be verb হয়।

• Passive voice এ Future Tense এর নিয়মসমূহ:
Future Indefinite Tense = Sub + shall/will + be + V₃.
Future Continuous Tense = Sub + shall/will + be + being + V₃.
Future Perfect Tense = Sub + shall/will + have + been + V₃.

• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি Passive Voice এ Future Indefinite Tense এ আছে।
- তাই Active Voice এ Future Indefinite Tense এ হবে।

অতএব, সঠিক উত্তর - The team will complete the assignment before the deadline.

৩৮৬.

People say that good things come to those who wait. (Make it passive)

ক
Good things are said to come to those who wait.
খ
Those who wait are said to have good things come to them.
গ
People said that good things come to those who wait.
ঘ
It is said that good things come to those who wait.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Compound Sentence এবং Complex Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে Active voice-এর উভয় clause-কে একই voice-এ রূপান্তর করতে হয়।
- Active Voice People say দিয়ে শুরু হলে passive voice It is said দিয়ে শুরু করা হয়।

• Active voice এ people + stative verb (know, think, understand, know, find, say, etc) + that + clause থাকলে, passive করার নিয়ম হচ্ছে -
- It is /was (tense অনুযায়ী) + said + that + clause (যা আছে তাই) টি।

সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active: People say that good things come to those who wait.
Passive: It is said that good things come to those who wait.

৩৮৭.

Michael has not given me the file. (Passive)

ক
ক) I have not been given the file by Michael.
খ
খ) The file has not been given to me by Michael.
গ
গ) The file has not given to me by Michael.
ঘ
ঘ) Both a & b

ব্যাখ্যা

প্রশ্নটি active এ double obj. এর ব্যবহারকে ইঙ্গিত করে।
Active এর double obj. কে passive করার প্রক্রিয়া:
দুটি object এর যেকোনোটি subject হিসেবে নেওয়া যায়। (ব্যক্তিবাচক object টি পরিবর্তন করা উত্তম।)

অপশন ‍a তে ব্যক্তিবাচক obj. কে subject হিসেবে নেওয়া হয়েছে।
অপশন b তে বস্তুবাচক object টিকে subject হিসেবে নেওয়া হয়েছে।
যেহেতু উভয়ই শুদ্ধ তাই সঠিক উত্তর d.
অপশন c তে ‍active এর গঠন ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। তাই এটি উত্তর হবে না।
উৎস: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hossain

৩৮৮.

I heard her sing a song. [passive]

ক
She was heard to be sing a song by me.
খ
She was heard to sing a song by me.
গ
She was heard be sing a song by me.
ঘ
She was heard being sing a song by me.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
-Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, at, to, in) বসে।

• Past Indefinite Tense এর active voice কে passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার সময় was/were + verb এর Past Participle বসে।
• Need, see, bid, dare, make, hear, feel, let, know, behold, watch প্রভৃতি verb গুলোর পর Active Voice-এ to উহ্য থাকে।
- তবে passive করার সময় তাদের পরে to বসে।

Active: They saw the rabbit run away.
Passive: The rabbit was seen to run away by them.

Active: I heard her sing a song.
Passive: She was heard to sing a song by me.

৩৮৯.

Identify the correct passive form: Nobody trusts a traitor.

ক
A traitor is trusted.
খ
A traitor should not be trusted.
গ
Everybody hates a traitor.
ঘ
A traitor is not trusted by anybody.

ব্যাখ্যা

→ [43 BCS Preliminaly]

Active Voice: Nobody trusts a traitor.
Passive Voice: A traitor is not trusted by anybody.

• Active থেকে Passive করতে হলে,
- Active Voice এর Subject – Passive Voice- এ Object হয়।
- Active Voice এর Object – Passive Voice এ- Subject হয়।
- অতিরিক্ত be verb বসে এবং মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- Object এর আগে by বসে।

• এই হিসেবে "Nobody trusts a traitor." এর Passive Voice
- A traitor is not trusted by anybody.
- Nobody = not anybody.
- আবার, No one/None = not anyone.

More Example:
Active Voice: No one believes a deceiver.
Passive Voice: A deceiver is not believed by anyone.

৩৯০.

"A letter is going to be written by me" _____ Make it active:

ক
I am going to write a letter.
খ
I will write a letter.
গ
I am writing a letter.
ঘ
I will be going to write a letter.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active থেকে passive রূপান্তর করার প্রক্রিয়া:
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়ে যায়।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject এ রুপান্তর হয়।
- মূল verb এর past participle হয় এবং subject ও tense অনুসারে auxiliary verb/be verb হয়।

• Present continuous tense যুক্ত active voice যে passive voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম -
- Active Voice: Subject + is/am/are+ verb+ ing + object.
- Passive voice: Object is/am/are being V₃+ by + subject.

প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি Passive voice এ আছে।

তাই, সঠিক উত্তর: I am going to write a letter.

৩৯১.

Select the correct passive form of the given sentence. Did you receive my letter?

ক
ক) Had my letter been received by you?
খ
খ) Have you been received by my letter?
গ
গ) Was my letter received by you?
ঘ
ঘ) Did my letter was received by you?

ব্যাখ্যা

• To transform an active sentence in the future indefinite tense to a passive sentence, you need to follow these steps:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।

• Do/Does/Did দ্বারা শুরু Interrogative sentence কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- Active: Do/Does/Did + subject + verb (base form) + object
- Passive: am/is/are/was/were + object + v3 + by + subject

- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - Was my letter received by you?

৩৯২.

Select the correct active voice of the given sentence.
These things have been left here by an unknown customer.

ক
ক) An unknown customer leaves these things here.
খ
খ) An unknown customer has left these things here.
গ
গ) An unknown customer have left these things here.
ঘ
ঘ) An unknown customer has been left these things here.

ব্যাখ্যা

The given sentence is written in the present perfect tense and it is in the passive voice.
The object of the passive voice will become the subject of the active voice and the subject of the passive voice will become the object of the active voice.
The correct answer is option 2), i.e. An unknown customer has left these things here.

৩৯৩.

'I have to do it' বাক্যের Passive form হচ্ছে -

ক
It has to be done to me
খ
Let it be done by me
গ
It is to be done by me
ঘ
It has to be done by me

ব্যাখ্যা

• Have to / has to ব্যবহৃত active voice কে passive voice এ পরিবর্তনের ক্ষেত্রে,
- Active voice এর object টি subject হবে
- এরপর have to/ has to
- তারপর be + Verb এর Past Participle form বসবে।
- সবশেষে by + Subject এর object form বসবে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Active: I have to do it.
- Passive: It has to be done by me.

৩৯৪.

Change the voice of the given sentence:
Did she complete the project?

ক
Was the project completed by her?
খ
The project was completed by her.
গ
Did the project completed by her?
ঘ
Was the project complete by her?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: ক) Was the project completed by her?

- Active voice: Did she complete the project?
- Passive voice: Was the project completed by her?

- Past Indefinite interrogative (Did) Passive এ গেলে was/were + Verb এর past participle হয়।
- Subject: she, এর স্থানে passive voice এ Object: the project বসবে।
- Verb পরিবর্তিত হয়ে complete থেকে completed হবে।

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

৩৯৫.

'My watch was stolen.' The correct active voice of this sentence is -

ক
You stole my watch.
খ
Someone was stealing my watch.
গ
Someone stole my watch.
ঘ
None of the above

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive voice এ ‘by + object’ অংশটি উহ্য থাকায় active voice এর subject কল্পনা করে নিতে হবে।
এক্ষেত্রে watch কে চুরি করেছে সেটা জানা না থাকায় Someone (কেউ) subject হিসেবে বসেছে।
Passive voice এ was/were এর পরে verb এর past participle হলে Active voice এ past indefinite tense হয়।

৩৯৬.

Change the voice: The police caught the thief.

ক
The thief is caught by the police.
খ
The thief was caught by the police.
গ
he thief has been caught by the police.
ঘ
The thief had been caught by the police.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active Voice: The police caught the thief.
• Passive Voice: The thief was caught by the police.

- এটির voice পরিবর্তনের জন্য প্রথমে,
- object টি subject এ আনতে হবে।
- past simple tense পরিবর্তিত করে 'was caught' হবে।
- by এবং sentence এর subject টি শেষে বসবে।

• সঠিক উত্তর- The thief was caught by the police.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৩৯৭.

Make is passive :
Mother will be cooking rice.

ক
Rice was cooked by mother
খ
Mother was being cooked rice
গ
Rice will be being cooked by mother
ঘ
Rice will cooked by mother

ব্যাখ্যা

• Future Continuous Tense কে অর্থাৎ Subject + shall / will + be + Verb (ing) + Object কে Passive এ রুপান্তর করার সময়
- Subject এর Objective form হবে।
- shall / will + be + being বসবে।
- Verb এর Past Participle + by হবে এবং পরে
- Subject বসবে।

∗ তাই সঠিক উত্তর হবে - Rice will be being cooked by mother.

Another Example:
• They will be reading books.
- Books will be being read by them.

Source: A passage to English Language by S. M. Zakir Hossain

৩৯৮.

Change the voice: Be kind.

ক
You are advised to be kind.
খ
You should be kind.
গ
You are to be kind.
ঘ
You have to be kind.

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ আমরা জানি Intransitive verb কে passive voice এ পরিণত করা যায় না।
- কারণ Intransitive verb মানে হলো যে verb এর object নাই।
- object ছাড়া passive করা যায় না কারণ passive এ object কে Subject এ পরিণত করতে হয়।

• কিন্তু Imperative Sentence এ এই ধরনের বাক্যকে আমরা passive এ পরিণত করতে পারি।
- মনে রাখতে হবে আমরা বাক্যটি passive এ পরিণত করতে পারি কিন্তু Intransitive verb কে নয়।

• Imperative Sentence এ যদি Intransitive verb থাকে তাহলে FAROC (Forbid, Advise, Request, Order, Command) এর যে কোন Verb সহ ‘You' Subject কে প্রকাশ্য ভাবে লিখতে হবে।
- অতিরিক্ত একটি be verb 'are' বসবে।
- বাক্যর অর্থ বুঝে অতিরিক্ত শব্দ advised যোগ করতে হবে।
- এবং মূল Verb এর আগে to যোগ হবে।
- তারপর বাক্যে যা আছে তা বসাতে হবে।

Active: Be kind.
Passive: You are advised to be kind.

Source: Live MCQ English Wizard.

৩৯৯.

Oppression and suppression made them look older. (Passive)

ক
ক) They were made to be looked older by oppression and suppression.
খ
খ) They made to be looked older by oppression and suppression.
গ
গ) They were made look older by oppression and suppression.
ঘ
ঘ) They were made to look older by oppression and suppression.

ব্যাখ্যা

Make এর পর Bare Infinitive (উহ্য to) Active Voice এ হলেও, Passive Voice এ to যোগ করতে হয়। আর একই Clause এর মধ্যে দুইবার Passive হয় না। এ হিসেবে কেবল ঘ সঠিক।

৪০০.

The teacher agreed to check the assignments. [Passive]

ক
The teacher agreed that the assignment should be checked.
খ
The teacher agreed that the assignments should checked.
গ
The teacher agreed that the assignments should be checked.
ঘ
The teacher agreed that the assignments have to be checked.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: The teacher agreed to check the assignments.
Passive: The teacher agreed that the assignments should be checked.

• Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- that বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের Object (direct object) বসবে।
- should be বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle বসবে।

• More examples:
- Active: Shakib decided to sell the house.
- Passive: Shakib decided that the house should be sold.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.