Active and Passive Voice

PrepBank · পাতা ১২ / ১৩ · ১,১০১–১,২০০ / ১,২৭৭

১,১০১.

Make it passive: Let us sing a song.

ক
Let a song be sung by us.
খ
Let a song be sang by him.
গ
Let a song be sung by we.
ঘ
Let a song be sung to us.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Let এর পর যদি কোন ব্যক্তিবাচক object (me, us, you, them, him, her) থাকে এবং তা যদি
Imperative sentence হয়, তাহলে active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

• Structure: Let + বাক্যের object হবে subject + be + মূল verb এর past participle form + by + ব্যক্তিবাচক object.
Active: Let us sing a song.
Passive: Let a song be sung by us.
- এক্ষেত্রে প্রথমে Let বসেছে।
- এ বাক্যে Object হচ্ছে- a song এবং এটি হবে এখন - subject.
- এর পরে be বসবে।
- verb (sing) এর past participle form - sung বসবে।
- by + ব্যক্তিবাচক object.

• এ জাতীয় আরোও একটি উদাহরণ -
Active: Let me play football.
Passive: Let the football be played by me.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammer & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১০২.

Find out the correct passive form of the sentence. 'I had killed the bird.'

ক
The bird was killed by me.
খ
The bird had been killed by me.
গ
The bird was being killed by me.
ঘ
I had been killed the bird.

ব্যাখ্যা

• I had killed the bird.- এই sentence টি Past Perfect Tense এ আছে।

• Past perfect Tense এর Active voice থেকে Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active: Subject + have/has/had + V3 + Object.
- Passive: Object টি Subject হয়
- have/has/had + been বসে
- এরপর মূল verb এর past participle + by + Subject টি Object হয়।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active: I had killed the bird.
Passive:The bird had been killed by me.

১,১০৩.

Change the voice: Did you eat the steak?

ক
Do the steak eaten by you?
খ
Was the steak eat by you?
গ
Was the steak eaten by you?
ঘ
Was the steak being ate by you?

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:

• Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।
- Active Voice এ Auxiliary Verb হিসেবে did থাকলে Passive Voice এ এটাকে বাদ দিয়ে তার জায়গায় was/ were বসে আর মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

• সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active voice: Did you eat the steak?
Passive voice: Was the steak eaten by you?

১,১০৪.

The passive form of the sentence 'You will have reached the letter' is-

ক
ক) The letter will have been reached by you.
খ
খ) The letter will have be reached by you.
গ
গ) The letter have been reached by you.
ঘ
ঘ) The letter will be reached by you.

ব্যাখ্যা

- প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নের সঠিক passive voice হচ্ছে 'The letter will have been reached by you.'

• Future perfect tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
- Object এর subject + shall have been /will have been + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object.

Example of Sentences:
Active: You will have reached the letter.
Passive: The letter will have been reached by you.
Active: They will have caught the fish.
Passive: The fish will have been caught by them.

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC Communicative English Grammar by Chowdhury & Hussain.

১,১০৫.

Change the voice: can you help me?

ক
Can I be helped by you?
খ
Can I helped by you?
গ
Could be helped by you?
ঘ
Could I have been helped by you?

ব্যাখ্যা

Modal auxiliary verb যুক্ত interrogative বাক্যের passive structure হলো modal auxiliary + obj. কে sub + be + verb - এর P.P + by + sub - কে obj।
সুতরাং শূন্যস্থানের can you help me? অংশটুকুর passive voice, can I be helped by you?
Source: Cliff's TOEFL.

১,১০৬.

Let not the portrait be touched. (Make it active)

ক
You should not touch the portrait.
খ
Do not touch the portrait.
গ
Please do not touch the portrait.
ঘ
You are requested not let the portrait be touched.

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive: Let not the portrait be touched.
Active: Do not touch the portrait.

• সাধারণত যদি Imperative Sentence এর Active Voice টি Do not দিয়ে শুরু হয়, তাহলে passive voice এ, - প্রথমে Let not বসে,এরপর Object টি subject রূপে বসে এবং তারপর be + মূল Verb-এর Past Participle বসে।
- এই নিয়মানুযায়ীই, প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত passive বাক্যটি - Let not the portrait be touched গঠিত হয়েছে।
- আর তাই, এই বাক্যটিকে active voice এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে, let not বাদ যাবে এবং এর পরিবর্তে Do not বসবে এবং এর পরে মূল verb টি base form এ বসবে এবং এরপরে subject টি Object রূপে বসবে।
- তাই সঠিক উত্তর - Do not touch the portrait.

• অন্যদিকে, • Passive voice এ “You are requested to” থাকলে active voice এ please/ kindlly ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- তাই, Please do not touch the portrait. - সঠিক উত্তর হবে না।

১,১০৭.

The active form of: A lion may be helped even by a little mouse.

ক
A little mouse may even help a lion.
খ
Even a little mouse ought to help a lion.
গ
Even a little mouse may help a lion.
ঘ
A little mouse can even help a lion.

ব্যাখ্যা

→ (30th BCS Preli)
- Passive Voice: A lion may be helped even by a little mouse.
- Active Voice: Even a little mouse may help a lion.

• Modal Auxiliary + be যুক্ত Passive Voice কে Active Voice করতে হলে-
- Passive voice এর object‌ টি Active Voice এর subject হয়।
- 'be' উঠে গিয়ে Modal Auxiliary verb টি বসে।
- মূল Verb টি বসে।
- Passive voice এর subject টি Active voice এর Object হয়ে Verb এর পরে বসবে।
- তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) উঠে যাবে।

- নিয়মানুসারে সঠিক Active Voice হলো- Even a little mouse may help a lion.
- Even যেহেতু a little mouse এর সাথে সম্পর্কিত, তাই এটা a little mouse এর আগে বসবে।

১,১০৮.

'His behaviour surprised us.' বাক্যটির Passive form হবে-

ক
We surprised at his behaviour.
খ
We were surprised with his behaviour.
গ
We had been surprised at his behaviour.
ঘ
We were surprised at his behaviour.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: His behaviour surprised us.
Passive Voice: We were surprised at his behaviour.

→ সাধারণত Passive Voice- এ Verb এর past participle এর পর by বসলেও Active Voice- এ 'Surprise' verb হিসাবে থাকলে এবং verb টির পর বস্তু বুঝালে at বসে; ব্যক্তি বুঝালে with বসে।

• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি Past Indefinite Tense-এ আছে।

• Past Indefinite Tense যুক্ত বাক্যকে Passive করার নিয়ম:
→ Active Voice- এর object Passive Voice-এ প্রথমে বসে।
→ Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
→ মূল verb এর Past Participle form বসে।
→ "Past Participle form"- এর পর 'by' বসে।
→ এরপর Active Voice- এর subject + extension বসে।

১,১০৯.

They have built a bridge.
What is the passive form?

ক
A bridge is being built by them.
খ
A bridge has been built by them.
গ
A bridge was built by them.
ঘ
A bridge was being built by them.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active voice: They have built a bridge.
- Passive voice: A bridge has been built by them.

• Have/has/had + V3 যুক্ত Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Have/has/had + been হয়।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।

• More examples:
- Active voice: The author has written a new novel.
- Passive voice: A new novel has been written by the author.

১,১১০.

Change the voice: You are requested not to do it.

ক
It's a request not to do it.
খ
Stop doing it.
গ
Please do not do it.
ঘ
Do not do it.

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• Passive voice কে Active voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম:
- Passive voice এর object‌ টি Active Voice এর subject হয়,
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে,
- মূল verb এর base form হয়,
- Passive voice এর subject টি Active voice এর object হয়,
- তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) উঠে যায়।

• Passive voice এ “You are requested to” থাকলে active voice এ please/ kindlily ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - Please do not do it.

১,১১১.

The assignment has been completed by them. (Make it active)

ক
They completed the assignment.
খ
They have been completed the assignment.
গ
They have completed the assignment.
ঘ
They have to be completed the assignment.

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive Voice: The assignment has been completed by them.
Active Voice: They have completed the assignment.

Passive Voice কে Active Voice করতে হলে সাধারণত ৫টি কাজ করতে হয়।
→ Object → Subject হবে আর Subject Object হবে।
→ মূল Verb এর ঠিক আগের 'be' Verb ছাড়া যদি অন্য কোন Auxiliary Verb থাকে, তাহলে সেটা বসবে ।
→ মূল Verb এর ঠিক আগের 'be' Verb বাদ যাবে।
→ মূল Verb এর ঠিক আগের 'be' Verb এর গঠন অনুযায়ী মূল Verb বসবে।
→ একটি Preposition (by/to/with/at/in) বাদ যাবে।

১,১১২.

Will she complete the mission? (Make it passive)

ক
Will the mission be completed by her?
খ
Will the mission completed by her?
গ
Will be the mission completed by her?
ঘ
Will be the mission complet by her?

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: Will she complete the mission?
Passive: Will the mission be completed by her?

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।

• প্রশ্নে Will she complete the mission? একটি interrogative sentence.
• Active থেকে Passive করার নিয়ম:
Active: Shall/will + subject + verb + object?
Passive: Shall/will + subject + be + Verb এর past participle + by + object?

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১,১১৩.

Who had solved the problem? [change the voice]

ক
By whom had the problem been solved?
খ
By whom had the problem be solved?
গ
By whom had the problem being solved?
ঘ
By whom had the problem to be solved?

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: ক) By whom had the problem been solved?

- Interrogative sentence যেখানে Who ব্যবহার হয়েছে, সেটি Passive Voice-এ রূপান্তর করতে প্রথমে By whom বসাতে হয়।
- Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
- মূল বাক্যের object becomes subject.
- Tense অনুযায়ী be / being / been বসাতে হবে।
- মূল verb এর past participle ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
- শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন (?) থাকবে।

Example:
- Who had solved the problem?
- By whom had the problem been solved?

Other Options:
খ) By whom had the problem be solved?
- এখানে "be" ভুল ব্যবহার হয়েছে।
- Past Perfect Passive-এ "been" ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

গ) By whom had the problem being solved?
-"being" ব্যবহার হয় Continuous Passive-এ।
- এখানে Past Perfect Passive চাওয়া হয়েছে, তাই ভুল।

ঘ) By whom had the problem to be solved?
- এটি obligation বোঝাচ্ছে (কাকে সমস্যা সমাধান করতে হত),
- কিন্তু আসল বাক্যের অর্থ পরিবর্তিত হয়ে গেছে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১,১১৪.

You might complete the assignment on time. (make it passive)

ক
The assignment might be to complete on time by you.
খ
The assignment might be complete on time by you.
গ
The assignment might have to be completed by you.
ঘ
The assignment might be completed on time by you.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: You might complete the assignment on time.
Passive: The assignment might be completed on time by you.

• May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার সময় -
- active এর object, subject হিসাবে বসে।
- এর পরে be বসে
- তার পরেই মূল verb টির Past Participle বসে।
- by বসে
- active এর subject object হিসাবে বসে।

১,১১৫.

Change the voice: Ryaan made me laugh.

ক
I was make to laugh by Ryaan.
খ
I was made laugh by Ryaan.
গ
I was made to laugh by Ryaan.
ঘ
I was made by laugh by Ryaan.

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• Need, bid, dare, make, hear, feel, let, know, behold, watch ইত্যাদি verb গুলোর পর Active voice এর উহ্য থাকে।
- তবে passive করার সময় তাদের পর 'to' বসে।

• এখানে Active voice এ 'made' থাকায় passive করার সময় 'to' বসবে।
Active: Ryaan made me laugh.
Passive: I was made to laugh by Ryaan.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition.

১,১১৬.

Foster collaboration between government and private sectors to enhance economic resilience. (Passive)

ক
Let collaboration between government and private sectors be fosterred to enhance economic resilience.
খ
Let collaboration between government and private sectors being fosterred to enhance economic resilience.
গ
Let collaboration between government and private sectors be fostered to enhance economic resilience.
ঘ
Let collaboration between government and private sectors are being fostered to enhance economic resilience.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: Foster collaboration between government and private sectors to enhance economic resilience.
Passive Voice: Let collaboration between government and private sectors be fostered to enhance economic resilience.

• 'foster' এর past participle form হচ্ছে 'fostered'.
• শুধু মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া imperative sentence এর active voice থেকে passive করার নিয়ম:
→ প্রথমে Let বসবে;
→ Active voice এর object টির subject রূপে বসবে;
→ be বসবে;
→ মূল verb এর past participle বসবে।

• Structure: Let + object টির subject হয় + be + মূল verb এর past participle + extensions.

১,১১৭.

People always find hope in the darkest times. (Make it passive)

ক
Hope in the darkest times should be found to people.
খ
Hope in the darkest times being always found by people.
গ
Hope in the darkest times are always found.
ঘ
Hope in the darkest times is always found.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: People always find hope in the darkest times.
Passive: Hope in the darkest times is always found.

• Active voice কে Passive Voice- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object টি Passive Voice এর Subject হয়।
- Active Voice এর মূল Verb এর form অনুযায়ী অতিরিক্ত ‘be’ Verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর Past Participle form বসে।
- Active Voice এর subject টি Passive Voice এর Object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।

• তবে, Active Voice এর Subject People হলে, তা Passive Voice এর Object হিসেবে না লিখলেও চলে।

More Examples:
Active: People always crave new adventures.
Passive: New adventures are always craved.

Active: People always cherish the moments that matter most.
Passive: The moments that matter most are always cherished.

১,১১৮.

Change into active form: 'I was surprised to see that he had been beaten black and blue'.

ক
ক) I was surprised to see he had been beaten black and blue.
খ
খ) It surprised me to see that he had been beaten black and blue.
গ
গ) It was surprising that he had been beaten black and blue.
ঘ
ঘ) That he had been beaten black and blue was surprising.

ব্যাখ্যা

-প্রদত্ত বাক্যটির independent clause 'I was surprised' - এর active voice করতে হবে আর বাকি অংশ অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে৷
- এখানে main clause টি past indefinite tense এ রয়েছে৷ যার Active structure :
Subject (It ধরে নিতে হবে) + verb in simple past form + মূল বাক্যের Sub-এর object form.

অতএব সঠিক বাক্য: It surprised me to see that he had been beaten black and blue.

Black and Blue means To beat very badly (উত্তম-মধ্যম/মার দেওয়া)।

১,১১৯.

Identify the best passive form: "I helped her solve the problem."

ক
She was helped solving the problem.
খ
She was helped solve the problem by me.
গ
She was helped to be solve the problem by me.
ঘ
She was helped to solve the problem by me.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: I helped her solve the problem.
- Passive: She was helped to solve the problem by me.

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।

• Need, bid, dare, see, hear, make, help, feel, let, know, behold, watch, ইত্যাদি perception verb গুলোর পর Active Voice-এ to উহ্য থাকে।
- তবে passive করার সময় তাদের পরে to বসাতে হয়।
- যখন active sentence এ bare infinitive (to ছাড়া infinitive) থাকে, passive এ সেটি full infinitive (to সহ) হয়ে যায়।

• Passive voice-এ perception verbs এর sentence গঠনের নিয়ম:
- Active: Subject + verb + object + bare infinitive.
- Passive: Object + be + past participle + (to + infinitive) + by + subject.

অন্যান্য অপশন বিশ্লেষণ:
ক) She was helped solving the problem.
→ ভুল। Passive-এ "to" + infinitive structure হবে।

খ) She was helped solve the problem by me.
→ ভুল। কারণ, passive-এ to + infinitive (was helped to solve) হবে।

গ) She was helped to be solve the problem by me.
→ ভুল, কারণ এখানে to be sung passive infinitive ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে। মূল বাক্যের অর্থ পাল্টে যাচ্ছে।
→ "to be solve" ভুল (solve-এর আগে "be" বসবে না; এখানে passive infinitive ভুল)।

Source: Advancer Learner's HSC Communicative English by Chowdhury & Hussain.

১,১২০.

Change the voice:
Never reveal the secret.

ক
Let never the secret to be revealed.
খ
Don't reveal the secret.
গ
Let never the secret to be reveal.
ঘ
Let never the secret be revealed.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: Let never the secret be revealed.

• Never যুক্ত Imperative Sentence কে Passive করার structure:
- প্রথমে Let Never বসে
- Object টি Subject রূপে বসে
- be বসে
- মূল verb এর Past participle হয়।

তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active: Never tell a lie.
Passive: Let never a lie be told.

Active: Never reveal the secret.
Passive: Let never the secret be revealed.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১২১.

Victoria rode the brown horse. (passive)

ক
ক) The brown horse had been ridden by Victoria.
খ
খ) The brown horse had been rode by Victoria.
গ
গ) The brown horse was ridden by Victoria.
ঘ
ঘ) The brown horse was ride by Victoria.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active voice কে Passive voice- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম: Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয় + Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + মূল verb এর past participle + Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to,in) বসে।

১,১২২.

You should finish the assignment about two hours before you submit it. (Passive)

ক
The assignment should be finished about two hours before it is submited.
খ
The assignment should being finished about two hours before it is submitted.
গ
The assignment should be finished about two hours before it is submitted.
ঘ
The assignment should be finished two hours before it is submited.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: You should finish the assignment about two hours before you submit it.
Passive Voice: The assignment should be finished about two hours before it is submitted. (অপশন 'গ')

• প্রদত্ত বাক্যটির দুইটি অংশ।
• 'before' conjunction দ্বারা দুইটি principal clause যুক্ত রয়েছে। দুইটি clause কেই আলাদা ভাবে passive voice- এ রূপান্তর করতে হবে।
• about two hours = object agent হিসেবে অপরিবর্তিত অবস্থায় বসেছে।

প্রথম অংশ:
→ Active Voice: You should finish the assignment
→ Passive Voice: The assignment should be finished.

দ্বিতীয় অংশ:
→ Active Voice: You submit it.
→ Passive Voice: It is submitted.

১,১২৩.

Choose the correct passive form of this sentence: I gave him a phone.

ক
ক) I was given a phone by him.
খ
খ) He was given a phone by me.
গ
গ) A phone was given me by him.
ঘ
ঘ) A phone is given to him by me.

ব্যাখ্যা

Double Object যুক্ত Active Voice-কে passive voice-এ রূপান্তরের নিয়মঃ দুটি object-এর যে কোন একটিকে passive voice এর subject করতে হয় (তবে personal objectকে subject করায় শ্রেয় + প্রদত্ত মূল verb-এর past participle বসে + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + প্রদত্ত বাকি objectটি বসে + by বসে + প্রদত্ত active voice-এর subjectটি object রূপে বসে।

১,১২৪.

A pie is going to be baked by me. (Make it active)

ক
I will go bake a pie.
খ
I am going to bake a pie.
গ
I will be going to bake a pie.
ঘ
I will go to bake a pie.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Passive Voice: A pie is going to be baked by me.
- Active Voice: I am going to bake a pie.

• Active থেকে passive রূপান্তর করার প্রক্রিয়া:
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়ে যায়।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject এ রুপান্তর হয়।
- মূল verb এর past participle হয় এবং subject ও tense অনুসারে auxiliary verb/be verb হয়।

• Going to যুক্ত বাক্যের passive করার সময় Going to + be + verb এর past participle হয়।

Structure:
Active voice: Subject + be verb + going to + present form of the verb + object.
Passive voice: Object + be verb + going to + be + verb এর past participle + subject.

১,১২৫.

I heard her sing. [passive]

ক
She was heard sing by me.
খ
She was heard to be sung by me.
গ
She was heard sung by me.
ঘ
She was heard to sing by me.
ঙ
none

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: I heard her sing.
Passive: She was heard to sing by me.

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।

Passive voice-এ perception verbs এর sentence গঠনের নিয়ম:
Active: Subject + verb + object + bare infinitive.
Passive: Object + be + past participle + full infinitive + by + subject.

• Need, bid, dare, see, hear, make, help, feel, let, know, behold, watch প্রভৃতি verb গুলোর পর Active Voice-এ to উহ্য থাকে।
- তবে passive করার সময় তাদের পরে to বসে।
- যখন active sentence এ bare infinitive (to ছাড়া infinitive) থাকে, passive এ সেটি full infinitive (to সহ) হয়ে যায়।

অন্যান্য অপশন ভুল কারণ:

ক) She was heard sing by me.
→ এখানে “to” বাদ দেওয়া হয়েছে।
- Passive voice-এ bare infinitive (sing) আর থাকে না, বরং to + infinitive (to sing) হয়।
- তাই এটি ব্যাকরণগতভাবে ভুল।

খ) She was heard to be sung by me.
→ ভুল, কারণ এখানে to be sung passive infinitive ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে। মূল বাক্যের অর্থ পাল্টে যাচ্ছে।

গ) She was heard sung by me.
→ grammatically ভুল, sung past participle, যা এখানে উপযুক্ত নয়।
- তাছাড়া এটি অর্থগত ভাবে ঠিক হয়নি।

Source: Advancer Learner's HSC Communicative English by Chowdhury & Hussain.

১,১২৬.

The news surprised us.

ক
We were surprised at the news.
খ
We were surprised to the news.
গ
We were surprised by the news.
ঘ
We were surprised with the news.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice: The news surprised us.
• Passive voice: We were surprised at the news.

• Past indefinite tense যুক্ত Active voice -কে Passive voice -এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice -এর object টি Passive voice -এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb.
- মূল verb এর past participle.
- তারপর Preposition by বসে।
- Active voice -এর subject টি Passive voice -এর object হয়।

• তবে, Passive voice -এ সবসময় Preposition হিসেবে by বসে না, by -এর পরিবর্তে অন্যান্য Preposition (with, at, to, in) ইত্যাদি বসতে পারে।

- কোন ব্যক্তির উপর বিস্মিত/আশ্চর্য হওয়া বোঝাতে surprise -এর পরে with বসে কিন্তু বস্তু বা কাজের উপর বিস্মিত/আশ্চর্য বোঝাতে surprise -এর পরে at বসে।
- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে - We were surprised at the news.

• Note: Annoy, charm, please, shock, surprise ইত্যাদি verb -এর পরে ব্যক্তি থাকলে with বসে এবং আচরণ, কর্ম, গুণ (বস্তবাচক) ইত্যাদি থাকলে at বসে।
- তবে, প্রশ্নে at না থাকলে with নেওয়া যাবে।

Source:
1. Advancer Learner's HSC Communicative English by Chowdhury & Hossain.
2. Live MCQ English Wizard by Saleh Ahmed.

১,১২৭.

You may help your brother. (Make it passive)

ক
ক) Your brother might be helped by you
খ
খ) Your brother might helped by you
গ
গ) Your brother may be helped by you
ঘ
ঘ) Your brother may helped by you

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive Voice of Modals এর structure:
- object হয়ে যাবে subject,
- এর পর বাক্যে ব্যবহৃত can/may/would/should/must/ might বসবে,
- তারপর'be' verb বসবে।
- এরপর মূল verb এর past participle বসাতে হবে।
- 'by' preposition এর পর লিখতে হবে বাক্যের আসল subject টি।

১,১২৮.

Change the voice: ‘The book is printing’.

ক
ক) The book is printed.
খ
খ) The book is being printed.
গ
গ) It is being printed by you.
ঘ
ঘ) Book is being printed by you.

ব্যাখ্যা

• 'The book is printing’ এর passive form হচ্ছে - The book is being printed.
- এটি একটি Quasi-Passive বাক্য।
- Quasi-Passive (কর্মকর্তৃবাচ্য) গঠনগত দিক হতে active বুঝালেও অর্থের দিক হতে passive হয়।
- Quasi-Passive জাতীয় বাক্যের Active হতে Passive করার নিয়ম -
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এ বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + being বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
Example: The book is being printed.

Two types quasi-Passive voice (কর্মকর্তৃবাচ্য):
- Verbs with complement.
- Verbs without complement.

• It may be changed in the passive form in the following way.
• Verbs without complement:
Active: The book is printing
Passive: The book is being printed.
Active: The house is building.
Passive:The house is being built.
Active: The The drums are beating.
Passive: The drums are being beaten.

• Verbs with complement:
Active: Honey tastes sweet.
Passive: Honey is sweet when it is tasted.
Active: The stone feels rough.
Passive:The stone is rough when it is felt.
Active: This composition reads well.
Passive: This composition sounds well when it is read.

১,১২৯.

Identify the correct passive form:
‘Do not close the door.’

ক
Let not the door close.
খ
Let not the door be closed.
গ
Let not the door close
ঘ
Let not door closed.

ব্যাখ্যা

• উল্লেখিত প্রশ্নের Correct Passive Voice হচ্ছে Let not the door be shut.

• Do not দিয়ে শুরু যুক্ত Imperative Sentence কে Passive Voice করতে হলে –
i) বাক্যের শুরুতে Let বসে।
ii) Active Voice এ Do not থাকলে Passive Voice এ শুধু not বসে।
iii) Active Voice এর Object – Subject এর স্থানে বসে।
iv) be বসে।
v) মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

• Active: Do not close the door.
• Passive: Let not the door be closed.

১,১৩০.

"He is painting the wall." (Make it Passive Voice)

ক
The wall is painted by him.
খ
The wall was being painted by him.
গ
The wall is being painted by him.
ঘ
The wall has been painted by him.

ব্যাখ্যা

সঠিক উত্তর হলো: The wall is being painted by him.

- মূল বাক্যটি Present Continuous Tense-এ আছে (is painting), তাই Passive Voice-এ "is being + V3" হবে।
- Active Voice এর Object কে প্রথমে বসাতে হবে (Subject হিসেবে),
- তারপর বসবে Auxiliary Verb (am/is/are/was/were) + being,
- তারপর মূল Verb এর Past Participle (v3) form,
- শেষে by + Subject (Active Voice এর Subject),
Structure: Object এর subject + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + v3 + present participle যুক্ত অংশটি + by + subject এর object.

Active voice: He is painting the wall.
Passive voice: The wall is being painted by him.

Examples:
Active: I saw him playing cricket.
Passive: He was seen playing cricket by me.
Active: I took him for my friend.
Passive: He was taken for my friend by me.

১,১৩১.

Change the voice: Does he always help his friends?

ক
Do his friends always helped by him?
খ
Are his friends always helped by him?
গ
Were his friends always helped by him?
ঘ
Did his friends always helped by him?

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active Voice: Does he always help his friends?
- Passive Voice: Are his friends always helped by him?

• Do/Doeds/Did যুক্ত interrogative Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb হিসেবে am/is/are/was/were বসে।
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয়।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে Preposition (By) বসে।

• More examples:
- Active: Did you see the movie yesterday?
- Passive: Was the movie seen by you yesterday?

১,১৩২.

'He is going to set up a school'- বাক্যটির সঠিক পরিবর্তিত voice হবে-

ক
A school is going to be set up by him.
খ
A school is being set up by him.
গ
A school is gone to be set up by him.
ঘ
A school has been going to be set up by him.

ব্যাখ্যা

• He is going to set up a school,
- Sentence টি Active Voice এ দেয়া আছে।
- বাক্যটির Object 'a school' Passive Voice-এ Subject হিসেবে বসবে।
- বাক্যটির Subject 'He' Passive Voice-এ এর Objective form 'him' বসবে।
- 'him' এর পূর্বে 'by' বসবে।
......................
......................
• Be going to (Phrase).
Meaning: If you say that something is going to happen, you mean that it will happen in the future, usually quite soon.
• Set up (Phrasal Verb).
Meaning: to formally establish a new company, organization, system, way of working, etc.

- Passive Voice-এ 'A school' এর পর 'is going to be' হবে।
- 'is going to be'- এর পরে 'set up' এর Past Participle form 'set up' বসবে।

Active Voice: He is going to set up a school.
Passive Voice: A school is going to be set up by him.

Source: Source: Applied English Grammar and Composition by P C Das.

১,১৩৩.

Sami gave me a pen. (Make it passive.)

ক
Sami gave a pen to me.
খ
I was given a pen by Sami.
গ
I was given pen by Sami.
ঘ
I had been given a pen by Sami.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Double Object যুক্ত Active voice করতে হলে:
- যে কোন একটি object কে subject ধরে passive voice করা যায়।
- এক্ষেত্রে indirect object বা personal object টিকে subject করা অধিক শ্রেয়।
- তবে indirect object preposition যুক্ত হলে direct object - কে subject ধরতে হবে।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- দ্বিতীয় object টি বসবে।
- preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।

Active Voice: Sami gave me a pen.
Passive Voice: I was given a pen by Sami./A pen was given me by Sami.

১,১৩৪.

Which one is the passive form of the sentence 'keep your word?

ক
ক) Your word must be kept
খ
খ) Let your word be kept
গ
গ) Your word should be kept
ঘ
ঘ) Let be kept your word

ব্যাখ্যা

মুল verb দিয়ে শুরু যুক্ত Active কে passive করার নিয়ম :
প্রথমে Let বসে + Object টি Subject রুপে বসে + be বসে এবং এরপর verb এর past participle.
যেমন :

- Do the work = Let the work be done.

- keep your word = Let your word be kept.

১,১৩৫.

Which one is the correct passive form of the sentence- 'Her performance pleased the audience'?

ক
The audience was pleased at her performance.
খ
The audience was pleased with her performance.
গ
The audience were pleased with her performance.
ঘ
The audience are pleased at her performance.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয় + Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + মূল verb এর past participle + Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to,in) বসে।

• ব্যক্তির ক্ষেত্রে with বসে আর ব্যক্তির কাজ বা বস্তুর উপরে সন্তুষ্টি বোঝাতে at বসে।
- যেহেতু প্রশ্নে ব্যক্তির কাজের উপর সন্তুষ্টি বোঝানো হয়েছে তাই pleased at বসবে।

• Active Voice: 'Her performance pleased the audience'
- Passive voice: The audience was pleased at her performance.

১,১৩৬.

The songs of Kazi Nazrul interest me. The correct passive form of the sentence is-

ক
I am interested by the songs of Kazi Nazrul.
খ
I am interested with the songs of Kazi Nazrul.
গ
I am interested on the songs of Kazi Nazrul.
ঘ
I am interested in the songs of Kazi Nazrul.

ব্যাখ্যা

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ) I am interested in the songs of Kazi Nazrul.

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।

“interest” এর ক্ষেত্রে সবসময় preposition হয় in.

Active: The songs of Kazi Nazrul interest me.
Passive: I am interested in the songs of Kazi Nazrul.

১,১৩৭.

The correct passive voice of 'He dared me do the work' is-

ক
I was dared the work by him.
খ
I was dared to do the work by him.
গ
I was dared to the work by him.
ঘ
I was dared to work by him.

ব্যাখ্যা

The correct passive voice of "He dared me to do the work" is:
খ) I was dared to do the work by him.

• Need, bid, dare, make, hear, feel, let, know, behold watch প্রভৃতি verb গুলোর পর Active voice to উহ্য থাকে। তবে passive করার সময় তাদের পরে to বসে। তবে let-এ verb টির পর Passive-এ to বসে না।

Active: He made me do the work.
Passive: I was made to do the work by him.

Active: I saw him go.
passive: He was seen to go by me.

Source: Advanced Learner’s by Chowdhury and Hossain.

১,১৩৮.

Roza will help me. (Passive)

ক
I shall have been helped by Roza.
খ
I be helped by Roza.
গ
I shall be helped by Roza.
ঘ
I should be helped by Roza.

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• Future indefinite tense জাতীয় বাক্যের passive from হবে:
- প্রথমে Object এর subjective form বসে।
- be বসে।
- verb এর Past participle form বসে।
- by/at/with বসে।
- Subject এর objective form বসে।

Example:
Active: He will help me.
Passive: I shall be helped by Roza.

সেই অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তর, I shall be helped by Roza.

১,১৩৯.

Babui had written the letter. (Choose the correct passive form)

ক
The letter was written by Babui.
খ
The letter was being written by Babui.
গ
The letter was wrote by Babui.
ঘ
The letter had been written by Babui.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Past perfect Tense এর Active voice থেকে Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active: Subject + have/has/had + V3 + Object.
- Passive: Object টি Subject হয় + have/has/had + been + মূল verb এর past participle + by + Subject টি Object হয়।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active: Babui had written the letter.
Passive: The letter had been written by Babui.

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১৪০.

You must make the cake. (Make it Passive)

ক
The cake be made by you.
খ
The cake must be made by you.
গ
The cake must made by you.
ঘ
The cake must made to you.

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: The cake must be made by you.

May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice পরিবর্তন করার সময় এদের পরে be বসে এবং তার পরেই মূল Verb টির Past Participle বসে।

Structure: Object টির Subject form +must+ be + মূল verb এর Past Participle+ by + subject টির objective form.
যেমন:
Active: You must make the cake.
Passive: The cake must be made by you.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১,১৪১.

The rose smells sweet. (Make it passive)

ক
ক) The rose smelt sweet.
খ
খ) The rose is sweet as it is smelt.
গ
গ) The rose is sweet when it smelt.
ঘ
ঘ) The rose is smelt sweet.

ব্যাখ্যা

• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি একটি Quasi sentence.
- যে sentence গঠনে active কিন্তু অর্থে passive বা অন্যের দ্বারা সংঘটিত হয় এমন বোঝায় বোঝায়, তাকে Quasi sentence বলে।

• এই ধরনের sentence কে দুই ভাবে passive করা যায় -

1) Active voice এর subject টিই passive voice এর subject হিসাবে বসে + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + adjective টি বসে + when + প্রথম subject অনুযায়ী it/they বসে + আবারো tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + মূল verb এর past participle.
যেমনঃ
The rose smells sweet.
-The rose is sweet when it is smelt.

2) Active এর এর subject টিই passive voice এর subject হিসাবে বসে + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + মূল verb এর past participle + adjective টি বসে।
যেমন: The rose is smelt sweet.

• যেহেতু,অপশনে The rose is smelt sweet - বাক্যটি রয়েছে, তাই এটিই সঠিক উত্তর।

১,১৪২.

The team agreed to implement the scheme immediately. [passive]

ক
The team agreed that the scheme be implemented immediately.
খ
The team agreed that the scheme to be implemented immediately.
গ
The team agreed that the scheme should be implement immediately.
ঘ
The team agreed that the scheme should be implemented immediately.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: The team agreed to implement the scheme immediately. [
Passive: The team agreed that the scheme should be implemented immediately.

- Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:

- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- that বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের Object (direct object) বসবে।
- should be বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle বসবে।

Active: Proma decided to sell the house.
Passive: Proma decided that the house should be sold.

Active: The team agreed to implement the plan immediately.
Passive: The team agreed that the plan should be implemented immediately.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১৪৩.

She will be delivering the speech tomorrow.
Change the voice.

ক
The speech will be deliver tomorrow.
খ
The speech will be delivering tomorrow.
গ
The speech will be being delivered tomorrow.
ঘ
The speech shall be being deliverd tomorrow.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: গ) The speech will be being delivered tomorrow.

Future Continuous tense এ Shall/will + be Shall/will + be + being.
Future Continuous → Passive এ will/shall + be + being + V3(verb এর past participle) হয়।
deliver → delivered (V3).
Time expression (tomorrow) অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।

- Active voice: She will be delivering the speech tomorrow.
- Passive voice: The speech will be being delivered tomorrow.

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

১,১৪৪.

Orange juice tastes tangy. (Make it passive)

ক
Orange juice is tangy as it tasted.
খ
Orange juice is tangy when it is tasted.
গ
Orange juice is tasted tangy.
ঘ
Both B + C

ব্যাখ্যা

• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি একটি Quasi-passive sentence.

- যে sentence গঠনে active কিন্তু অর্থে passive বা অন্যের দ্বারা সংঘটিত হয় এমন বোঝায়, তাকে Quasi-passive sentence বলে।

- এই ধরনের sentence কে দুই ভাবে passive করা যায়। যেমন:

1) Active voice এর subject টিই passive voice এর subject হিসাবে বসে + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + adjective টি বসে + when + প্রথম subject অনুযায়ী if/they বসে + আবারো tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + মূল verb এর past participle.

Active: Orange juice tastes tangy.

Passive: Orange juice is tangy when it is tasted.

2) Active এর এর subject টিই passive voice এর subject হিসাবে বসে + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + মূল verb এর past participle + adjective টি বসে।

Active: Orange juice tastes tangy.

Passive: Orange juice is tasted tangy.

• নিয়মানুযায়ী খ) এবং গ) উভয় সঠিক।

১,১৪৫.

They recommended improving the security measures. (Make it passive)

ক
To improving the security measures was recommended by them.
খ
To improve the security measures were recommended by them.
গ
They recommended to improve the security measures.
ঘ
They recommended that the security measures should be improved.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active voice: They recommended improving the security measures.
Passive voice: They recommended that the security measures should be improved.

• Suggest/advise/insist/propose/recommend + Gerund + Object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম হচ্ছে -
- প্রথমে প্রদত্ত active voice এর Subject এবং Verb বসে,
- এরপর that বসে এবং
- তারপর gerund-এর পরের object + should be বসে
- সবশেষে প্রদত্ত Gerund passive verb-এ রূপান্তরিত হয়ে past participle form হয়।

• Structure:
- Subject + verb (advise --- suggest) অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে + that + subject (gerund এর object) + should + be + gerund এর v3

১,১৪৬.

Transform the following sentence into passive: The Romans expected to conquer Carthage.

ক
ক) Carthage was expected to be conquered by the Romans.
খ
খ) It was expected by the Romans that they would conquer Carthage.
গ
গ) The Romans expected to have conquered Carthage.
ঘ
ঘ) The Romans were expected to conquer Carthage

ব্যাখ্যা

- উল্লেখিত Sentence টির সঠিক passive voice হবে –
It was expected by the Romans that they would conquer Carthage.

Rule :
Subject + (was/were) + Verb এর past participle + Optional Agents.

Source: Objective General English, Dr. R.S. Aggarwal and GRE Verbal Grail, Wiley.

১,১৪৭.

Do it at once এর passive voice হবে-

ক
Let it be done at once.
খ
Let it at once done.
গ
Let it be at once done.
ঘ
Let it done at once.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Do যুক্ত Imperative sentence কে Passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসে + Object + be + Verb এর past participle + extension.
- এরূপ ক্ষেত্রে subject হিসাবে introductory 'It' ব্যবহার করতে হয়

তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে - Let it be done at once.

১,১৪৮.

Change the voice: The teacher handed the students a worksheet.

ক
The students was handed a worksheet by the teacher.
খ
A worksheet was to handed the students by the teacher.
গ
The students were handed a worksheet by the teacher.
ঘ
A worksheet was handed the students by the teacher.

ব্যাখ্যা

• প্রশ্ন প্রদত্ত বাক্যে দুইটি object রয়েছে - the beggar and Fahim.
- এর voice change দুইভাবে করা সম্ভব।
- যথা -
- A worksheet was handed to the students by the teacher.
- The students were handed a worksheet by the teacher.

• Active voice এ double object থাকলে passive করার নিয়ম:
- দুটি object- এর যেকোনটি subject হিসেবে নেয়া হয় (ব্যক্তিবাচক object-টি পরিবর্তন করা ভাল)
- Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb বসে,
- Verb-এর past participle + অন্য object + by বপ্সে
- সবশেষে active voice-এর subject-টি object হিসেবে লেখা হয়।

• More examples:
• Active: Mr. Zahid teaches us English
• Passive:
- We are taught English by Mr. Zahid
- English is taught to us by Mr. Zahid.

১,১৪৯.

Choose the correct passive form of the sentence "I know Zahed to be an honest man."

ক
ক) Zahed is known to be an honest man.
খ
খ) Zahed is known to me that to be an honest man.
গ
গ) Zahed is know to me to be an honest man.
ঘ
ঘ) Zahed is known to me to be an honest man.

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• Make, see, feel, let, know, heed, bid, dare, watch প্রভৃতি verb গুলোর পর Active Voice-এ to উহ্য থাকে।
- তবে passive করার সময় তাদের পরে to বসে।
- তবে let এ verb এর পর active & passive উভয় ক্ষেত্রেই to বসে না।

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১৫০.

They have offered him a job. (make it passive)

ক
He has offered a job by them.
খ
He has been offered a job by them.
গ
He was offered a job by them.
ঘ
He had been offered a job by them.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: They have offered him a job.
Passive: He has been offered a job by them.
- বাক্যটি Present Perfect Tense-এ আছে। Present Perfect Tense-এর Passive voice-এ Subject-এর পর "has been" বসেছে।

• Double object যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- দু'টি object এর যেকোন একটিকে Passive voice এর Subject করতে হয় (তবে ব্যক্তিবাচক অর্থাৎ Indirect object-কে subject করাই শ্রেয়) +
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে +
- প্রদত্ত মূল verb এর Past Participle বসে +
- প্রদত্ত বাকী object টি বসে+
- by বসে+
- প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject টি object রূপে বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১৫১.

We ought to have saved our environment (make it passive)

ক
ক) Our environment ought to have been saved
খ
খ) Our environment ought to have been save
গ
গ) Our environment ought to save
ঘ
ঘ) Our environment ought to have saved

ব্যাখ্যা

Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,
- May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to যুক্ত active voice কে passive করার সময় এদের পরে have been/has been e বসবে এবং মূল verb এর past participle বসবে।

- Object টির Subjective form
- May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to
- have been/has been
- মূল verb এর past participle বসবে
- Subject এর object form বসবে।

১,১৫২.

Change the voice 'One should read only what one likes'.

ক
ক) What one likes should be read only .
খ
খ) What one likes should read only.
গ
গ) What one likes should have read only.
ঘ
ঘ) None of the above .

ব্যাখ্যা

No explanation added.

১,১৫৩.

Don't waste your time on video games. (make it passive)

ক
Let not your time being wasted on video games.
খ
Let not your time wasted on video games.
গ
Let not your time be wasted on video games.
ঘ
Let be not your time wasted on video games.

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: Let not your time be wasted on video games.
- Verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Imperative sentence এর Active voice থেকে passive এ রূপান্তরিত করার
সময় প্রথমে Let not বসাতে হয়।

• Imperative sentence এর Voice change এর নিয়ম:
- Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে শুধু মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Imperative sentence এর Active voice থেকে passive এ রূপান্তরিত করতে
- প্রথমে Let not বসবে।
- Negative sentence হলে Let এর পর Not বসবে।
- Active voice এর object টির subject রূপে বসবে।
- তারপর be বসবে।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসবে।
- Structure: Let not + object টির subject হয়+ be + মূল verb এর past participle.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১,১৫৪.

What is the correct passive form of the sentence 'Shirley paid the bill.'

ক
ক) The bill was paid by Shirley.
খ
খ) The bill paid by Shirley.
গ
গ) The bill is being paid by Shirley.
ঘ
ঘ) The bill has been paid by Shirley.

ব্যাখ্যা

প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটিতে verb এর active রূপ ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। past indefinite = paid (Active) এর passive রূপ was/were paid.
অপশন ‍a তে শুধু verb এর রূপটি মিলেছে।
অপশন b এর বাক্যটিতে active এর রূপ ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।
অপশন c ও d তে যথাক্রমে passive এর present continuous ও present perfect ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।

Active থেকে passive রূপান্তর করার প্রক্রিয়া:
a) Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়ে যায়।
b) Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject এ রুপান্তর হয়।
c) মূল verb এর past participle হয় এবং subject ও tense অনুসারে auxiliary verb/be verb হয়।

Passive এ auxiliary verb ও main verb এর গঠন:
Present tense:
Present indefinite – am/is/are + V3
Present Continuous- am being/is being/ are being + V3
Present Perfect – has been/have been + V3
Past tense:
Past indefinite – was/were + V3
Past Continuous – was being/were being + V3
Past Perfect- had been + V3
Future tense:
Future indefinite – shall be, will be + V3
Future Continuous - shall be being/ will be being + V3
Future Perfect- shall have been/ will have been + V3
বি: দ্র: active এর গঠনের মতো passive এর গঠনগুলো মুখস্ত করে নিলে active থেকে passive রূপান্তর করা খুবই সহজ হয়ে যাবে।
উৎস: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hossain

১,১৫৫.

Whom did you show the picture? (make it passive)

ক
The picture was showed you by who?
খ
Who were showed the picture by you?
গ
Who was being showed the picture by you?
ঘ
Who was showed the picture by you?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Whom যুক্ত Interrogative sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর Whom এর পরিবর্তে Passive voice এ প্রথমে Who বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Subject এর object form বসে।
- প্রশ্নবোধক (?) চিহ্ন বসে।

• Active voice: Whom did you show the picture?
• Passive voice: Who was showed the picture by you?

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১৫৬.

There were _______ students in the library, so it wasn't entirely empty.

ক
a very few
খ
few
গ
a fewer
ঘ
a few

ব্যাখ্যা

• Few, a few, fewer ইত্যাদি determiners হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- এরা সাধারণত Countable noun এর পূর্বে বসে।
- এগুলো দ্বারা কোনো কিছুর পরিমান, সংখ্যা এগুলোকে নির্দেশ করা হয়।

• few, negative অর্থে ব্যবহৃত quantifier determiners, যাদের অর্থ অল্প সংখ্যক বা নেই বলেই চলে।
• a few, affirmative অর্থে ব্যবহৃত quantifier determiners, যাদের অর্থ কিছু সংখ্যক বা অল্প পরিমান।

- যেহেতু প্রশ্ন প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি positive অর্থ প্রকাশ করছে countable ও affirmative অর্থে a few এর ব্যবহার সঠিক।
- Complete Sentence: There were a few students in the library, so it wasn't entirely empty

• Determiner:
- Determiner এর প্রধান কাজ হলো noun কে determine করা।
- Noun এর নির্দিষ্টতা-অনির্দিষ্টতা বুঝাতে এর ব্যহার হয়ে থাকে।
- এটি noun কে আংশিক বা সম্পূর্ণ ভাবে modify করলেও modify করা এটির প্রধান কাজ নয়।

১,১৫৭.

Change the voice:
The entire team had reviewed the papers before the presentation.

ক
The papers were been reviewed by the entire team before the presentation.
খ
The papers have been reviewed by the entire team before the presentation.
গ
The papers had been reviewed by the entire team before the presentation.
ঘ
Before the presentation, the entire team had reviewed the papers.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Past Perfect Tense এর Active voice থেকে Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Object টি subjective form +
- had been +
- মূল verb এর past participle +
- by +
- subject এর objective form.

Active: The entire team had reviewed the papers before the presentation.
Passive: The papers had been reviewed by the entire team before the presentation.

১,১৫৮.

"Never break the rules."
What is the correct passive voice of this sentence?

ক
Let the rules ever be broken.
খ
Let not the rules ever broken.
গ
Let not the rules ever be broken.
ঘ
Let the rules not ever be broken.

ব্যাখ্যা

সঠিক উত্তর হলো: Let not the rules ever be broken.

⇒ Never যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: Let not + object এর subject + ever be + v3
অর্থাৎ- Let not + object + ever be + verb (3rd form)
⇒ Active voice-এ যদি "Never" যুক্ত থাকে, তাহলে passive voice-এ এটি "Let not" দিয়ে শুরু হবে। এরপর:
- Object → Subject হিসেবে কাজ করবে।
- Verb → Passive form (be + V3) হবে।
- এই কাঠামো অনুযায়ী: "Never break the rules" এর Passive হবে: Let + not + the rules (object) + ever + be + broken (break এর v3)
Active voice: Never break the rules.
Passive voice: Let not the rules ever be broken.

Examples:
Active: Never tell a lie.
Passive: Let not a lie ever be told.
Active: Never go there.
Passive: let not there ever be gone.

১,১৫৯.

Let her solve the problem. (make it passive)

ক
Let the problem solved by her.
খ
Let her be solved the problem.
গ
Let the problem be solved by her.
ঘ
The problem is let to be solved by her.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Imparetive sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Let দিয়ে Passive voice এর বাক্যটি শুরু হবে।
- Active voice এর object টি Passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- be বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।

• Active Voice: Let her solve the problem.
• Passive Voice: Let the problem be solved by her.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১৬০.

Make it passive.
Read the book.

ক
Let the book be read by us.
খ
We should read the book.
গ
Let the book be read by you.
ঘ
Let us the book be read by you.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Imperative sentence কে passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
• Structure: Let + Object +be + Verb এর Past Participle form + by + You.
- Active: Read the book.
- Passive: Let the book be read by you.
- এ বাক্যে গঠন অনু্যায়ী Let এর পর Object the book বসেছে।
- এরপর be + Verb Read এর Past Participle form Read বসেছে।
- তারপর নিয়ম অনুযায়ী by + You বসেছে।

• একই জাতীয় আরোও একটি উদাহরণ হচ্ছে -
- Active: Do the sum.
- Passive: Let the sum be done by you.

Source: Advanced Learner's Grammar And Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain

১,১৬১.

The rising gale fanned the smouldering fire. [passive]

ক
The smouldering fire was fanned by the rising gale.
খ
The smouldering fire is fanned by the rising gale.
গ
The fan was smouldered by the rising gale.
ঘ
The smouldered fire was fanned by the rising gale.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: The rising gale fanned the smouldering fire.
Passive: The smouldering fire was fanned by the rising gale.

Other options,

খ) The smouldering fire is fanned by the rising gale.
- এখানে present tense ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে। মূল বাক্য past tense, তাই এটা ভুল।

গ) The fan was smouldered by the rising gale.
- এখানে subject ভুল (The fan), এবং “smouldered” ভুলভাবে verb হিসেবে ব্যবহার হয়েছে।

ঘ) The smouldered fire was fanned by the rising gale.
- “smouldered fire” ভুল। মূল বাক্য বলছে smouldering fire (present participle), তাই participle বদলানো যাবে না।

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar and Composition

১,১৬২.

One day the old sailor was watching the water snakes swimming round the ship. (Make it passive)

ক
ক) One day the water snakes was being watched swimming round the ship by the old sailor.
খ
খ) One day the water snakes were being watched swimming round the ship by the old sailor.
গ
গ) One day the water snakes were watched swimming round the ship by the old sailor.
ঘ
ঘ) One day the water snakes was being watched swimming round the ship by the old sailor.

ব্যাখ্যা

Sub + Verb + Obj এর পরের Verb+ing (Participle) যেভাবে আছে সেভাবেই থাকবে।
এখানে মূল অংশ the old sailor was watching the water snakes.
অতএব, এ অংশের উপর ফোকাস করে বাক্যটিকে passive করতে হবে।
by the old sailor বাক্যের শেষে বসবে।

সে অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তর খ) One day the water snakes were being watched swimming round the ship by the old sailor.

১,১৬৩.

Change into indirect speech:
He said, "I may go to the market."

ক
He said that he might go to the market.
খ
He said that he may go to the market.
গ
He said that he can go to the market.
ঘ
He said that he will go to the market.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Answer: ক) He said that he might go to the market.

- মূল বাক্যে modal verb “may” ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।
- Reported speech এ “may” পরিবর্তিত হয় “might” এ।
- বাক্যের অর্থ একই রয়ে যায়।
- অন্য modal verbs যেমন can, will প্রাসঙ্গিক নয় এখানে।
- তাই সঠিক উত্তর হলো “He said that he might go to the market.”

Other options:
খ) He said that he may go to the market.
- "may" অতীত কালেও অপরিবর্তিত রয়ে গেছে, যা ভুল।

গ) He said that he can go to the market.
- "can" → "could" হওয়া উচিত, কিন্তু এখানে "may" ছিল।

ঘ) He said that he will go to the market.
- এখানে "may" কে "will" এ পরিবর্তন করা হয়েছে, যা অর্থ ও tense বদলে দেয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১,১৬৪.

The construction workers built a new shopping mall in the city center within six months.
Which of the following correctly transforms the active sentence into a passive voice?

ক
A new shopping mall was building in the city center within six months.
খ
A new shopping mall was built in the city center within six months.
গ
A new shopping mall was building by the construction workers in the city center within six months.
ঘ
A new shopping mall was being built in the city center within six months.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Past Indefinite Tense এর Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Object টির subject form +
- was/were +
- মূল verb এর past participle +
- by +
- subject টির objective form বসে।

Active: The construction workers built a new shopping mall in the city center within six months.
Passive: A new shopping mall was built in the city center within six months (by the construction workers).

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১৬৫.

Passive Voice of 'Someone pulled the bull violently?

ক
ক) The bull had been pulled violently by someone.
খ
খ) The bull had been pulled violently.
গ
গ) The bull was pulled violently.
ঘ
ঘ) The bull was to be pulled violently by someone.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Past indefinite যুক্ত বাক্যকে passive করার নিয়ম -
- Active এর object প্রথমে
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb
- মূল verb এর past participle form
- by
- Active এর subject + extension.

• কিছু কিছু Active Voice কে passive করতে indirect object (যেমন প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যে He) কে subject রূপে ব্যবহার কর‍তে হয়। এবং unknown/unimportant/people in general subject (যেমন: people, someone) থাকলে by.... এই রূপটি ব্যবহার করতে হয় না।
Example -
Active Voice: People believe he is a scholar
Passive Voice: He is believed to be a scholar.
Active Voice: Someone pulled the bull violently.
Passive Voice: The bull was pulled violently.

১,১৬৬.

Rina sings a song. (passive)

ক
A song sung by Rina.
খ
A song is sung by Rina.
গ
A song was sung by Rina.
ঘ
A song is being sung by Rina.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:

• Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
• Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
• তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
• Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
• তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।

• সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active voice: Rina sings a song.
Passive voice: A song is sung by Rina.

১,১৬৭.

Complete the mission. (Make it passive)

ক
Let be the mission be completed.
খ
Let be the mission completed.
গ
The mission let be completed.
ঘ
Let the mission be completed.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice: Complete the mission.
• Passive voice: Let the mission be completed.

• শুধু মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Imperative sentence কে Active voice থেকে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসবে।
- Active voice এর object টির subject রুপে বসবে।
- be বসবে।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসবে।

• Structure:
- Let + object টির subject হয় + be + মূল verb এর past participle.

More example:
Active: Do the work.
Passive: Let the work be done.

১,১৬৮.

The siblings love each other. (Make it passive)

ক
Each of the siblings are loved by each other.
খ
The siblings are loved by each other.
গ
The siblings each are being loved.
ঘ
Each of the siblings is loved by each other.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: The siblings love each other.
Passive Voice: The siblings are loved by each other.

• Reciprocal pronoun (each other, one another) যুক্ত active voice কে passive এ পরিণত করার সময় -
- Pronoun গুলো কখনোই subject হিসেবে বসবে না।
- অর্থাৎ, এদের subject এবং object এর স্থান অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
- tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + main verb এর past participle form বসে।

• Active structure: Subject + verb + Reflexive object.
• Passive: Subject অপরিবর্তিত + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + main verb এর past participle form + reciprocal pronoun

১,১৬৯.

The correct passive form of ''He will not have heard this by this time .'' is-

ক
This will not have been being heard by him by this time.
খ
This will have been being heard by him by this time.
গ
This will have been heard by him by this time.
ঘ
This will not have been heard by him by this time.

ব্যাখ্যা

Future Perfect Tense-এর এই বাক্যটি negative form-এ আছে। এটাকে Passive করতে নিচের structure-টি follow করা আছে:
Object-কে subject-এ রূপান্তর + shall/will + not + have been + V(p.p) + by + Subject-কে Object-এ রূপান্তর + phrase/clause

১,১৭০.

‘You will be helped by me.’ বাক্যটির active form হবে -

ক
ক) I shall have helped you.
খ
খ) I should helped you.
গ
গ) I shall help you.
ঘ
ঘ) I shall have helped you.

ব্যাখ্যা

Shall/will + be + (v₁ + ing) যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর ।
Active: Sub + shall/will + v₁ + Object
Passive: Object টি subject হয় + shall/will + be + v₃ + by + subject টি Object হয়।

১,১৭১.

Which sentence is the correct one?

ক
He loved a shepherd whom she wanted to marry.
খ
She is my nephew.
গ
The lioness gave birth to three offspring.
ঘ
After being a widower, she was thinking of remarrying for the sake of her little child.

ব্যাখ্যা

তৃতীয়টি ছাড়া সবগুলোতে Gender ব্যবহারে ভুল হয়েছে।
সঠিক উত্তর হবে:
- He loved a shepherdess whom he wanted to marry. (shepherd- রাখাল, shepherdess- রাখালিনী)
- She is my niece (ভাইঝি). (nephew – ভাইপো)
- After being a widow, she was thinking of remarrying for the sake of her helpless child. (Widow – বিধবা, widower- বিপত্নীক)

তৃতীয় বাক্যে offspring এর বহুবচনও offspring (বাচ্চা/ বাচ্চাগুলো), তাই এ বাক্যে কোন ধরনের ভুল নেই।

১,১৭২.

Post the letter. (passive voice)

ক
Let the letter posted.
খ
The letter must be posted.
গ
Let the letter be posted.
ঘ
Let the letter must be posted.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: Post the letter.
Passive: Let the letter be posted.
- প্রদত্ত sentence টি Imperative sentence. যা মূল verb (Post) দিয়ে শুরু হয়েছে।

• Imperative sentence এ শুধুমাত্র মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসে।
- Object টি subject রূপে বসে।
- be বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে।

• Other options:
ক) Let the letter posted.
- এটি ভুল, কারণ মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Imperative sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার ক্ষেত্রে be+মূল verb এর past participle বসে।

খ) The letter must be posted.
- এটি ভুল, কারণ মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Imperative sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার ক্ষেত্রে প্রথমে "Let" বসে।

ঘ) Let the letter must be posted.
- এটি ভুল, কারণ মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Imperative sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার ক্ষেত্রে প্রথমে "Let" বসে। Let-এর পর 'must' বসানোর প্রয়োজন নেই।

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

১,১৭৩.

His constant interruptions annoyed the speaker during the presentation. (Make it passive)

ক
The speaker annoyed at his constant interruptions during the presentation.
খ
The speaker were annoyed at his constant interruptions during the presentation.
গ
The speaker being annoyed at his constant interruptions during the presentation.
ঘ
The speaker was annoyed at his constant interruptions during the presentation.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Past indefinite tense যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:

- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয়।

- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে।

- মূল verb এর past participle বসে।

- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয়।

- তার পূর্বে Preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।

- আর কোন ব্যক্তির উপর বিরক্ত বোঝাতে annoyed with কিন্তু, বস্তু বা কাজের উপর বিরক্ত বোঝাতে annoyed at বসে।

Active Voice: His constant interruptions annoyed the speaker during the presentation.

Passive Voice: The speaker was annoyed at his constant interruptions during the presentation.

১,১৭৪.

Change the voice: Who helped you?

ক
Whom were you helped?
খ
Who is helped by you?
গ
To whom were you helped?
ঘ
By whom were you helped?

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ WH Word যুক্ত sentence এর voice change এর ক্ষেত্রে,

1. WH Word টি Subject/ Object/ Adverb যে কোনটি হতে পারে।
2. WH Word Subject / Object / Adverb যাই হোক না কেন বাক্যের প্রথমে বসবে।
3. WH Word যদি Subject হয় তাহলে Passive Voice-এ এটিকে Object বানাতে হবে।
4. WH Word যদি Object হয় তাহলে Passive Voice-এ এটিকে Subject বানাতে হবে।
5. WH Word যদি Adverb হয় তাহলে একে নিয়ে চিন্তা করার কোন প্রয়োজন নেই। এটি যেভাবে আছে সেভাবেই থাকবে ।

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence কে Active Voice থেকে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে By whom হবে।
- Tense অনুসারে be Verb যোগ করতে হবে।
- তারপর subject হিসেবে you বসবে।
- তারপর verb এর past participle form বসবে।

•সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে - By whom were you helped?

১,১৭৫.

You may be helped by me. (Passive-Active)

ক
ক) I might be help you.
খ
খ) I may help you.
গ
গ) I might be helping you.
ঘ
ঘ) You might be helped.

ব্যাখ্যা

Voice পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম অনুযায়ী, Passive Voice-এ May be, might be, can be, could be, must be, ইত্যাদি থাকলে Active Voice-এ রূপান্তরের সময় be বাদ যাবে।
Passive Voice-এর Objectটি পরিবর্তিত Sentenceটির Subject এর স্থলে বসে এবং Objectটি Subject-এর স্থলে বসে এবং মূল Verbটির base form বসে।

১,১৭৬.

Change the voice : Will Rubel be teaching his brother?

ক
ক) Will his brother being been taught by Rubel?
খ
খ) Will his brother be being taught by Rubel?
গ
গ) Will his brother being taught by Rubel?
ঘ
ঘ) Will his brother been taught by Rubel?

ব্যাখ্যা

Negative-Interrogative Sentence-কে Passive করার নিয়ম হল:
Will + object(Active Voice-এর object) + not + be being + Verb-এর past participle + by + Subject (Active voice-টির subject)।

১,১৭৭.

I was helped to finish the work by Maria. (Make it active)

ক
Maria helped me to finish the work.
খ
Maria helps me to finish the work.
গ
Maria helped me finish the work.
ঘ
Maria helps me finish the work.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Make, need, dare, bare, hear, feel, know, ইত্যাদি causative verb গুলোর পর active voice এ bare infinitive অর্থাৎ to উহ্য থাকে।
- কিন্তু passive এ পরিবর্তন করবার সময় তাদের পর to বসাতে হয়।

- তাই প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিতI was helped to finish the work by Maria. - বাক্যটিকে active করার সময় -
- প্রথমে object টি subject রূপে বসবে + causative verb + subject টি object রূপে বসবে + main verb বসবে।
- to উঠে যাবে।

• এই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে -
Passive: I was helped to finish the work by Maria.
Active: Maria helped me finish the work.

১,১৭৮.

Change the voice: His cold demeanor scared me deeply.

ক
I am scared deeply by his cold demeanor.
খ
I was scared deeply by his cold demeanor.
গ
I am being scared deeply by his cold demeanor.
ঘ
His cold demeanor was scary.

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:

- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।

• সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active voice: His cold demeanor scared me deeply.
Passive voice: I was scared deeply by his cold demeanor.

১,১৭৯.

Choose the antonym of the word 'Destitute'.

ক
Affluent
খ
Necessary
গ
Bold
ঘ
Talkative

ব্যাখ্যা

• Destitute (Adjective)
English meaning: without money, food and the other things necessary for life.
Bangla meaning: খাদ্য, বস্ত্র ও অন্যান্য নিত্যপ্রয়োজনীয় দ্রব্য থেকে বঞ্চিত; দুঃস্থ; দুর্গত; নিঃস্ব।

• Options
- Affluent: বৈভবশালী; বিত্তবান; অঢেল; সুপ্রচুর; প্রাচুর্যময়।
- Necessary - অপরিহার্য, প্রয়োজনীয়।
- Bold - সাহসী।
- Talkative - বাচাল; ধৃষ্ট; গল্পপ্রিয়।

So, the antonym of the word 'Destitute' - Affluent.

Source: Accessible Dictionary by Bangla Academy.

১,১৮০.

What is lotted cannot be blotted (Active)

ক
Must be blot we lot.
খ
We cannot blot what we must lot.
গ
We must blot what we cannot lot.
ঘ
We must be blotted what we cannot lot.

ব্যাখ্যা

• "What is lotted cannot be blotted" - বাক্যটির অর্থ দাঁড়ায় যে, যা ভাগ্যে লেখা আছে তা মুছে ফেলা যায় না।

• অপশনগুলোর মধ্যে -
ক) "Must be blot we lot"
- This option is grammatically incorrect and doesn't convey a clear meaning related to the original phrase.

খ) "We cannot blot what we must lot".
- এই বাক্যটি দ্বারা বোঝাচ্ছে যে যা ভাগ্যে লেখা আছে তা পরিবর্তন বা মুছে ফেলা যায় না।
- This is a closer match to the original meaning.

গ) "We must blot what we cannot lot" - এর অর্থ দাঁড়ায় - আমরা যা নির্ধারণ বা নিয়ন্ত্রণ করতে পারি না তা আমাদের পরিবর্তন করা বা মুছে ফেলা উচিত।
- It suggests an action against the unchangeable, which is not aligned with the original sentiment.

ঘ) "We must be blotted what we cannot lot" - This option is grammatically incorrect and confusing.
- This sentence does not accurately convey the intended meaning of the original sentence.

• এই বিশ্লেষণ অনুসারে, খ) "We cannot blot what we must lot" -" is the closest in meaning, as it correctly conveys the idea that what is destined cannot be changed.

১,১৮১.

Close the door. (Change the voice)

ক
Let the door closed.
খ
Let the door close.
গ
Let the door be closed.
ঘ
Let not the door be closed.

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: Let the door be closed.

Active voice: Close the door.
Passive voice: Let the door be closed.

- মূল Verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Imperative sentence-এর active voice-কে passive voice-এ পরিবর্তন করার ক্ষেত্রে "Passive voice-এর বাক্যটি "Let" দিয়ে শুরু হবে।

• মূল Verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Imperative sentence-এর active voice-কে passive voice-এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়মাবলী হলো:
- Passive voice-এর বাক্যটি "Let" দিয়ে শুরু হবে।
- Active voice-এর object টি passive voice-এ subject হিসেবে বসবে।
- "be" বসবে।
- মূল verb-এর past participle form বসবে।
- অনেক ক্ষেত্রে active voice-এর verb-এর পর passive voice-এ "by" ছাড়া অন্য preposition (যেমন: to, at, on, with, for ইত্যাদি) বসতে পারে।
- Active voice-এর subject টি passive voice-এ object হিসেবে বসবে।

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১৮২.

Choose the correct active form of - “A promise should be kept”.

ক
ক) Everybody should kept promise.
খ
খ) One should keep his/her promise.
গ
গ) I shall keep my promise.
ঘ
ঘ) None of these

ব্যাখ্যা

বাক্যে ক্রিয়ার কর্তা দেয়া না থাকলে passive থেকে active করার সময় একটি সুবিধাজনক কর্তা যেমন - someone, somebody, people, one ইত্যাদি ধরে নিতে হবে।
প্রদত্ত বাক্যের সঠিক active form হচ্ছে -
- One should keep one’s promise.

১,১৮৩.

Choose the correct passive form of this sentence: I want him to write the letter.

ক
ক) I want the letter to be written.
খ
খ) The letter is wanted by him to write.
গ
গ) One’s letter need to be written.
ঘ
ঘ) Letter should be written.

ব্যাখ্যা

Subject-এর পর liking/loving/wanting/wishing etc. + object + infinitve যুক্ত Active Voice-কে Passive Voice-রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম প্রদত্ত active voice-এর subject + verb বসে + infinitve-এর পরের object (যদি থাকে) বসে + to be (passive infinitive) বসে + infinitive-এর পরের verb-এর past participle বসে।

১,১৮৪.

We have to follow the path shown by the great predecessors. (Make it passive)

ক
ক) The path have to be followed by us shown by the great predecessors.
খ
খ) The path shown by the great predecessors has to be followed by us.
গ
গ) The path has to be followed by us shown by the great predecessors.
ঘ
ঘ) The path shown by the great predecessors have to be followed by us.

ব্যাখ্যা

shown by the great predecessors হচ্ছে path এর adjective, তাই এটি path এর সাথে বসবে।
path singular হওয়ায় has to বসবে।
Passive এর সাধারণ নিয়মসমূহ অনুসৃত হবে।
Active Voice: We have to follow the path shown by the great predecessors.
Passive Voice: The path shown by the great predecessors has to be followed by us.

১,১৮৫.

The Interim Government of Bangladesh ought to establish clear policies. (Make it passive)

ক
Clear policies ought to be established by the Interim Government of Bangladesh.
খ
Clear policies ought to been established by the Interim Government of Bangladesh.
গ
Clear policies ought to being established by the Interim Government of Bangladesh.
ঘ
Clear policies ought to be established the Interim Government of Bangladesh.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: The Interim Government of Bangladesh ought to establish clear policies.
Passive Voice: Clear policies ought to be established by the Interim Government of Bangladesh.

• Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।

• May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার সময় এদের পরে be বসে এবং তার পরেই মূল verb- এর Past Participle বসে।

Structure: Object টির subject form + may/ might/can/could/must/ought to/going to + be + মূল verb- এর Past Participle + Subject- টির Object form.

১,১৮৬.

Change the voice:
She will be cooking dinner tonight.

ক
Dinner will be being cooked by her tonight.
খ
Dinner shall being cooked by her tonight.
গ
Dinner will be cooking by her tonight.
ঘ
Dinner will cooked by her tonight.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: ক) Dinner will be being cooked by her tonight.

- She will be cooking dinner tonight.
- Future Continuous tense এ Shall/will + be Shall/will + be + being.
- Future Continuous → Passive এ will/shall + be + being + V3 হয়।
- deliver → delivered (V3).
- Time expression (tonight) অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
- Dinner will be being cooked by her tonight.

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

১,১৮৭.

Who is knocking at the door? (make it passive)

ক
By whom is the door being knocked at?
খ
By whom is being the door knocked at?
গ
By whom was the door being knocked at?
ঘ
By whom is the door knocked at?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice এর রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে By whom দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হবে।
- tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- অনেক সময় be/ being/ been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Question mark (?) হয়।

• Active voice: Who is knocking at the door?
• Passive voice: By whom is the door being knocked at?

Source: A Passage To The English Language S. M. Zakir Hussain.

১,১৮৮.

The manager promised the employees a bonus. (Passive)

ক
The employees were be promised a bonus by the manager.
খ
The employees were promised a bonus by the manager.
গ
The employees are promised a bonus by the manager.
ঘ
The employees were to promised a bonus by the manager.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Double object যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- দুটি object এর যেকোন একটিকে passive voice এর subject করতে হয় (তবে ব্যক্তিবাচক অর্থাৎ Indirect object- কে subject করাই শ্রেয়),
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে,
- প্রদত্ত মূল verb এর Past Participle বসে,
- প্রদত্ত বাকি object টি বসে,
- by বসে,
- প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject টি object রূপে বসে।

Examples -
Active: He won't give you any chance.
Passive: You won't be given any chance by him.

Active: The manager promised the employees a bonus.
Passive: The employees were promised a bonus by the manager.

১,১৮৯.

Voice of the verb where the subject is the receiver of the action.

ক
ক) Active
খ
খ) Subjunctive
গ
গ) Passive
ঘ
ঘ) Imperative

ব্যাখ্যা

active এ subject নিজে কাজ করে। আর passive এ subject টি কাজটাকে গ্রহণ করে অর্থাৎ এর উপর পতিত হয়।
সুতরাং উত্তর হলো c.
উৎস: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hossain

১,১৯০.

Change the voice: I may help you.

ক
ক) You might be helped by me.
খ
খ) You may be help by me.
গ
গ) You may be helped by me.
ঘ
ঘ) I may be helped by you.

ব্যাখ্যা

• May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to এদের পর 'be' বসে এবং তার পরেই মূল verb এর Past Participle বসে।

Structure: Object টির Subjective form + may/might --------- + be + মূল verb এর Past Participle + by + subject টির objective form.

Active: I may help you.
Passive: You may be helped by me.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১৯১.

What is the passive form of the sentence: 'I had already shown her photo to the policeman?'

ক
The policeman was already shown her photo.
খ
Her photo was already been shown to the policeman.
গ
The policeman had already shown her photo.
ঘ
The policeman had already been shown her photo.

ব্যাখ্যা

Past Perfect Tense এর Active voice থেকে Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Object টির subjective form + had been + মূল verb এর past participle + by + subject এর objective form.

Active: I had already shown her photo to the policeman.
Passive: The policeman had already been shown her photo.

উল্লেখ্য, এখানে 'by me' উহ্য আছে।

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১৯২.

They saw the boy climb the tree. [Passive]

ক
The boy was seen to be climb the tree by them.
খ
The boy was seen to climb the tree by them.
গ
The boy was being seen climb the tree by them.
ঘ
The boy seen to climb the tree by them.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: They saw the boy climb the tree.
Passive: The boy was seen to climb the tree by them.

• Help, Make, need, dare, bare, hear, feel, know ইত্যাদি causative verb গুলোর পর active voice এ bare infinitive হয় অর্থাৎ to উহ্য থাকে।
- কিন্তু passive এ পরিবর্তন করবার সময় তাদের পর to বসাতে হয়।

• Causative verb যুক্ত বাক্যটির passive voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম -
- Object কে sub + auxiliary verb + verb - এর past participle form + to + মুল verb + by + sub কে object.

More examples:
• Active voice: Sanzida helped me finish the work.
- Passive voice: I was helped to finish the work by Sanzida.

• Active: Years of malnutrition and deprivation made them look older.
- Passive: They were made to look older by years of malnutrition and deprivation.

১,১৯৩.

The photographer will have captured beautiful pictures. (make it passive)

ক
ক) Beautiful pictures will be captured by the photographer.
খ
খ) Beautiful pictures is being captured by the photographer.
গ
গ) Beautiful pictures has been captured by the photographer.
ঘ
ঘ) Beautiful pictures will have been captured by the photographer.

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Voice:
Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে Future perfect tense যুক্ত Active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি subject এ পরিণত হয়।
- shall have been/ will have been বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি object এ পরিণত হয়।

• যেমন:
Active: He will have read the book.
Passive: The book will have been read by him.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১৯৪.

Change into passive voice:
She must learn this piece before her exam next Friday.

ক
ক) This piece may be learnt by her before her exam next Friday.
খ
খ) This piece must be learnt by her before her exam next Friday.
গ
গ) This piece can be learnt by her before her exam next Friday.
ঘ
ঘ) This piece could be learnt by her before her exam next Friday.

ব্যাখ্যা

The given sentence is in active form with the modal verb 'must'.
The subject is 'she' and the object is 'piece' which should interchange in the passive form and the auxiliary verb 'be' should be added in the form - Sub + must + be + obj .
Thus option 2 হলো সঠিক উত্তর।

১,১৯৫.

Change the voice: I made Zenny do the work.

ক
Zenny was made to do the work by me.
খ
I was made Zenny do the work.
গ
I forced Zenny to do the work.
ঘ
Zenny has done the work.

ব্যাখ্যা

• “I make him do the work.” এখানে ‘make’ verb এর পরে ‘do’ bare infinitive হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।
- কিন্তু Passive voice এ এটা bare infinitive থাকবেনা, to যুক্ত infinitive হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হবে।

• Make, have, help, see, watch, notice, hear, behold (দেখা), feel ইত্যাদির পর Active Voice এ Object এর পর Bare Infinitive ব্যবহৃত হয়।

কিন্তু Passive Voice এ Bare Infinitive কে Infinitive (to + verb) বানাতে হবে।
যেমন -
He helped me do the work. => I was helped to do the work by him.
I made Zenny do the work. => Zenny was made to do the work by me.
He saw me fly a kite. => I was seen to fly a kite by him.

১,১৯৬.

The passive form of: "Has anybody solved the problems?"

ক
Has the problem be solved by anybody?
খ
Have the problems been solved by anybody?
গ
Has the problems been solved by anybody?
ঘ
Has the problem been solved by anybody?

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active voice: Has anybody solved the problems?
- Passive voice: Have the problems been solved by anybody?

• Have/Has/Had যুক্ত interrogative sentence -এর passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে subject ও Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb (Have/Has/Had) বসবে।
- তারপর Active voice -এর object টি passive voice -এর subject হবে।
- তারপর been বসবে এবং মূল verb -এর past participle বসবে।
- তারপর preposition (by, with, to, at, in etc. বসবে)।
- এরপর active voice- এর subject টি passive voice - এর object হবে; (objective ফর্ম বসবে)।

- subject হিসেবে someone/anyone ইত্যাদি থাকলে সাধারণত তা না লিখলেও চলে।

- সুতরাং, নিয়ম অনুসারে সঠিক passive form হবে- Have the problems been solved by anybody?

More examples:
- Active: Has anyone finished the work?
- Passive: Has the work been finished by anyone?

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

১,১৯৭.

'Give the order the passive form is-

ক
Let the order to give.
খ
Let the order is given.
গ
Let the order be given.
ঘ
Let the order give.

ব্যাখ্যা

• শুধুমাত্র মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:

i) প্রথমে Let বসে +

ii) Object টি Subject রূপে বসে +

iii) be বসে +

iv) Verb এর past participle বসে।

Active: Give the order.

Passive: Let the order be given.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition.

১,১৯৮.

Choose the passive form of the sentence:
Complete the task without any delay.

ক
Let the task be completed without any delay.
খ
Let the task being completed without any delay.
গ
Let the task should be complete without any delay.
ঘ
Let the task to complete without any delay.

ব্যাখ্যা

• শুধু মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Imperative sentence এর Active voice থেকে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসবে;
- Active voice এর object টির subject রূপে বসবে;
- be বসবে;
- মূল verb এর past participle বসবে।

Structure: Let + object টির subject হয় + be + মূল verb এর past participle + extensions.

Active: Complete the task without any delay.
Passive: Let the task be completed without any delay.

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১৯৯.

Change the voice - 'The decision to cancel the project was taken by the board of directors.'

ক
The project's cancellation decision was taken by the board of directors.
খ
The board of directors was taking the decision to cancel the project.
গ
The project was taken by the board of directors to cancel the decision.
ঘ
The board of directors took the project's cancellation decision.

ব্যাখ্যা

• প্রদত্ত sentence টি Passive voice এ আছে।

Past Indefinite Tense এর active voice কে passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার সময় was/were + verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- তাই was/were + verb এর Past Participle যুক্ত Passive Voice এর Active Voice Past Indefinite Tense এ হবে।

Passive: The decision to cancel the project was taken by the board of directors.
Active: The board of directors took the project's cancellation decision.

১,২০০.

His behavior satisfied me. (Passive)

ক
I am satisfied with his behavior.
খ
I was satisfied at his behavior.
গ
I was satisfied with his behavior.
ঘ
I was satisfied by his behavior.

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive এ Satisfied এরপর Object এর পূর্বে with ব্যবহৃত হয়। সুতরাং, সঠিক উত্তর - c.