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বিষয়সমূহ

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Conditional Sentence

মোট প্রশ্ন৫৬০এই পাতা১০০প্রতি পাতা১০০
প্রশ্ন দেখুনঅনুশীলন
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

Conditional Sentence

PrepBank · পাতা ৪ / ৬ · ৩০১–৪০০ / ৫৬০

৩০১.
If I had seen him, I (tell) him the matter.
  1. ক
    might tell
  2. খ
    could have tell
  3. গ
    might have tell
  4. ঘ
    could have told
ব্যাখ্যা
• সঠিক উত্তর হবে - could have told
- Complete sentence: If I had seen him, I could have told him the matter.
- বাক্যটি third conditionals এর উদাহরণ।

• Third Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
- If + Past Perfect (had +V3) = Subject + would have/could have/might have + Verb এর past participle form)
- নিয়মানুযায়ী,  
- এই বাক্যের প্রথম অংশে- If + Past Perfect (had +listened) 
- তাই পরের clause এ would have/could have/might have + Verb এর past participle form (understood) হবে।

========================

- একটি Conditional sentence  এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত  
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 

• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals

• এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)
- অথবা - Had + sub+ verb এর past participle + Sub+ would/ could/might + have + pp of verb
৩০২.
If they lived closer, we ____________ them more often.
  1. ক
    are seeing
  2. খ
    would have seen
  3. গ
    saw
  4. ঘ
    would see
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - would see.
- Complete sentence: If they lived closer, we would see them more often.

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।
- সাধারণত If যুক্ত Sentence এ subject এর পর be verb আসলে সেক্ষেত্রে were ব্যবহৃত হয়।

More Examples:
1. If they didn't have such busy schedules, they would volunteer at the local animal shelter every weekend.
2. If she weren't allergic to cats, she would adopt that adorable kitten from the animal shelter.
৩০৩.
If we had a garden, we ______ flowers and vegetables.
  1. ক
    could planted
  2. খ
    could plant
  3. গ
    could have planted
  4. ঘ
    have planted
ব্যাখ্যা

• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী ,
Correct sentence: If we had a garden, we could plant flowers and vegetables.

এখানে had main verb হিসেবে বসেছে।

৩০৪.
If you run in the rain, you (catch) cold. Select the right form of verb -
  1. ক
    ক) catch
  2. খ
    খ) caught
  3. গ
    গ) would catch
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) will catch
ব্যাখ্যা
সঠিক উত্তরটি হচ্ছে - will catch. 

If clause-টি যদি Present indefinite tense এ হয়, তাহলে অপর clause-টি Future indefinite tense হবে। 
Example - If he works hard, he will shine in life. 
Bangla meaning : যদি সে কঠোর পরিশ্রম করে, তাহলে জীবনে উন্নতি করবে। 

Source - Advanced Learner's Communicative English by Chowdhury & Hossain. 
৩০৫.
Water boils ___ you heat it to 100° centigrade.
  1. ক
    unless
  2. খ
    until
  3. গ
    if
  4. ঘ
    although
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি একটি Zero Conditional sentence (shows scientific and general truth) এর উদাহরণ।

Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth).
• এখানে if clause এবং result clause উভয়টিতে present simple use হয়েছে, যা দ্বারা scientific truth দেখানো হয়েছে। 
- এক্ষেত্রে structure: if +present simple +present simple(universal truth /scientific truth /habitat truth).

Complete sentence: Water boils if you heat it to 100° centigrade.
৩০৬.
If I had a million dollars, I ________ a big house.
  1. ক
    would bought
  2. খ
    would have bought
  3. গ
    would buy
  4. ঘ
    have buy
ব্যাখ্যা

• If Clause টি Past Tense এ থাকলে Principle Clause এ subject এরপর Would বসে এবং verb এর base form বসে।
- এটি ব্যবহৃত হয় বর্তমান বা ভবিষ্যতের কাল্পনিক/ অসম্ভব/ অবাস্তব অবস্থার জন্য।
- যাকে Second Conditional Sentence বলা হয়।
 
• Structure: If + Subject + Past Simple + Subject + would + base verb.

• Correct answer: If I had a million dollars, I would buy a big house.
 
Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩০৭.
If I had enough money, I ____________ a nice house by the beach.
  1. ক
    can buy
  2. খ
    could buy
  3. গ
    could have bought
  4. ঘ
    would have bought
  5. ঙ
    will buy
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: could buy.
Complete Sentence: If I had enough money, I could buy a nice house by the beach.
- উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি একটি 2nd  conditional জাতীয় বাক্য হওয়ায় এখানে Could এর পর verb এর Base form হয়েছে।

• Second Conditional এর structure:
- If + simple past (Verb এর past form/ were/had) + would/could/might + base form of the verb.
- অর্থাৎ, If যুক্ত clause টিতে If এরপর verb এর past indefinite or were/had আসলে এরপর subject + would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যের if যুক্ত clause এ if + simple past (had) এসেছে তাই এরপরের অংশে would/could+ might + base form of the verb (buy) হবে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৩০৮.
I will not go out if it ____.
  1. ক
    ক) rained
  2. খ
    খ) rains
  3. গ
    গ) would rail
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) will rain
ব্যাখ্যা
Complete sentence টি হবে - I will not go out if it rains. 
- If clause টি যদি Present indefinite tense এ হয়, তাহলে অপর clause টি Future indefinite tense এ হবে। 
Example : If he works hard, he will shine in life. 
- এখানে প্রথম clause টি Future indefinite tense এ আছে, তাই if-যুক্ত clause-টি Present indefinite tense এ হবে। 

Source : Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain. 
৩০৯.
He _____ killed if he had violated the rules.
  1. ক
    ক) would
  2. খ
    খ) could be
  3. গ
    গ) would have been
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) must be
ব্যাখ্যা
Conditional sentence এ if যুক্ত Clause-টি Past Perfect হলে Main Clause-টি Perfect Conditional হয় অর্থাৎ Subject এর সাথে would have/could have/might have এবং Verb এর Past Participle Form হয়।
Passive এর বেলায় would have/could have/might have + been বসে।

এখানে, যেহেতু বাক্যটি passive sense প্রকাশ করছে তাই শূন্যস্থানে would have been হবে।
৩১০.
If the team had trained more, they _____ the championship.
  1. ক
    might have win
  2. খ
    might have won
  3. গ
    might won
  4. ঘ
    might win
ব্যাখ্যা
Correct answer: খ) might have won.

• 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।

Complete sentence: If the team had trained more, they might have won the championship.
৩১১.
Identify the First Conditional:
  1. ক
    If he has time, he visits us next Friday.
  2. খ
    If you need help, ask me.
  3. গ
    If it snows tomorrow, schools will close.
  4. ঘ
    If I had known, I would have helped.
ব্যাখ্যা
• The First Conditional: গ) If it snows tomorrow, schools will close.

• Explanation:
- The First Conditional is used to talk about real and possible future situations.
- Its structure is: If + Present Simple, (Future indefinite) sub + will + base verb.
- অর্থাৎ, First Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী প্রথম clause এ Present indefinite থাকলে এরপরের clause এ Future Indefinite হয়।
- যেমন: "If it snows (Present Simple) tomorrow, schools will close (will + base verb)."

• Other Options:
ক) "If he has time, he visits us next Friday."
- Uses Present Simple in both clauses (zero conditional, for general truths).

খ) "If you need help, ask me."
- Uses imperative ("ask me") instead of "will" (a variation for instructions, not classic first conditional).

ঘ) "If I had known, I would have helped."
- Third Conditional (past unreal situation).
৩১২.
Which of the following sentences is correct?
  1. ক
    If you cheat me, you will cheat by yourself.
  2. খ
    If you cheat me, you will be cheated by yourself.
  3. গ
    If you cheat me, you will cheated by yourself.
  4. ঘ
    If you cheat me, you would be cheated by yourself.
ব্যাখ্যা
• বাক্যটি একটি 1st Conditionals sentence এর উদাহরণ।
- একটি Conditional sentence  এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত  
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 

• If যুক্তটি অংশটি যদি present tense এ থাকে তবে তা  Zero conditionals or First Conditionals হয়ে থাকে।
- সে অনুযায়ী এরপরের clause এ Present indefinite or Future Indefinite হয়।
- সেক্ষেত্রে চিরন্তন সত্য, ভৌগলিক বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য এর ক্ষেত্রে Present indefinite হয়।
- সাধারণ বিষয় বা ঘটনা এর ক্ষেত্রে Future Indefinite হয়।

•  1st Conditional = If + Simple Present + Simple Future.
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present 
• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি দ্বারা সাধারণ বিষয় বা ঘটনা নির্দেশ করছে বিধায় এখানে future indefinite হয়েছে।

- এখানে বাক্যের শেষে by yourself থাকার কারণে এটি Passive form এ হবে।
- তাই সঠিক উত্তর হবে: If you cheat me, you will be cheated by yourself.
৩১৩.
If we had saved more money, we _______ on vacation.
  1. ক
    have gone
  2. খ
    have had gone
  3. গ
    would go
  4. ঘ
    would have gone
ব্যাখ্যা
• Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি Clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ Had দিয়ে Clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত Cause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় Clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

Complete Sentence: If we had saved more money, we would have gone on vacation.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain
৩১৪.
What will happen if you ________ the alarm clock?
  1. ক
    didn't set
  2. খ
    don't set
  3. গ
    not set
  4. ঘ
    isn't set
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত Sentence টি একটি First Conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

Structure: If + present simple tense, will + base form of the verb.
WH Question এর ক্ষেত্রে,
- Consequence বা ফলাফলে, Wh + will + base form of the verb,
- Condition বা শর্তে, if + present simple tense.

Complete sentence: What will happen if you don't set the alarm clock?

Example Sentence:
1. If I see her, I will ask about the project.
2. What will be the result, if you don't study well?
3. If you water the plants, they will thrive.

- These are the examples of the First Conditional.
৩১৫.
If I had another pen, I ____ you.
  1. ক
    would have helped
  2. খ
    helped
  3. গ
    had helped
  4. ঘ
    could help
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর - could help
Complete Sentence: If I had a pen, I could help you.

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
- If-এর পর Past indefinite tense থাকলে পরবর্তী Sentence টিতে Would/Could/Might + verb-এর base form হয়।
- Structure: If + past indefinite + comma + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form. 
- Example- If I were a plant, I would love the rain.
৩১৬.
If you practice regularly, you ______ your skills in no time.
  1. ক
    will improve
  2. খ
    might improve
  3. গ
    should improve
  4. ঘ
    could improve
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - will improve.
- If you practice regularly, you will improve your skills in no time.

• If যুক্তটি অংশটি যদি present tense এ থাকে তবে তা  Zero conditionals or First Conditionals হয়ে থাকে।
- সে অনুযায়ী এরপরের clause এ Present indefinite or Future Indefinite হয়।
- সেক্ষেত্রে চিরন্তন সত্য, ভৌগলিক বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য এর ক্ষেত্রে Present indefinite হয়।
- সাধারণ বিষয় বা ঘটনা এর ক্ষেত্রে Future Indefinite হয়।

• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি দ্বারা সাধারণ বিষয় বা ঘটনা নির্দেশ করছে বিধায় এখানে future indefinite হয়েছে।
৩১৭.
If they had known the truth, they _________ you.
  1. ক
    have helped
  2. খ
    would helped
  3. গ
    would had helped
  4. ঘ
    would have helped
ব্যাখ্যা

• Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ had দিয়ে clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত clause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

• Complete Sentence:  If they had known the truth, they would have helped you.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩১৮.
If I _______ the lottery, I would travel the world. (Fill in the blank)
  1. ক
    win
  2. খ
    won
  3. গ
    had won 
  4. ঘ
    have won
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: won.
Complete sentence - If I won the lottery, I would travel the world.
- এটি একটি Second Conditional sentence.

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।
- আবার If যুক্ত Sentence এ subject এর পর be verb আসলে সেক্ষেত্রে "were" ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Second Conditional: If + were/past indefinite+ subject + would/could/might + Verb- এর present form.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৩১৯.
If we had more time, we ______ the museum.
  1. ক
    had visited
  2. খ
    would visited
  3. গ
    would visit
  4. ঘ
    would have visited
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী ,
Correct sentence: If we had more time, we would visit the museum.

এখানে had main verb হিসেবে বসেছে।
৩২০.
Fill in the blank: If they had worked hard, they ______ in life.
  1. ক
    ক) will shine
  2. খ
    খ) would shine
  3. গ
    গ) would have shone
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) would be shine
ব্যাখ্যা
- উল্লেখিত প্রশ্নের সঠিক উত্তর হচ্ছে would have shone.

If যুক্ত clauseটি past perfect tense হলে পরবর্তী clauseটি perfect conditional (sub+would have/could have/might have+verb এর V3+object) হয়।
Example of Sentence: If they had worked hard, they would have shone in life.

Source: Applied English Grammar & Composition, P.C. DAS.
৩২১.
Fill in the blank with appropriate word given below, If I _____ a king.
  1. ক
    ক) are
  2. খ
    খ) am
  3. গ
    গ) was
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) were
ব্যাখ্যা
লাইভ পরীক্ষার প্রশ্নে অপশনগুলো ভুলভাবে দেয়া ছিল।
যেহেতু জব সল্যুশনের প্রশ্ন তাই ঠিক করে দেয়া হয়েছে।

ব্যাখ্যা:
Exclamatory Sentence দিয়ে আকাঙ্ক্ষা বুঝালে If এর পর be verb সকল Number Person এর সাথেই were হয়ে বসে।
তাই সঠিক উত্তর হিসেবে শূন্যস্থানে were বসবে।
৩২২.
Had you walked fast, you ___ the train. The correct form of verb will be-
  1. ক
    will not miss
  2. খ
    will not have missed
  3. গ
    would not have missed
  4. ঘ
    would not miss
ব্যাখ্যা
একটি Conditional sentence-এ দু’টি clause থাকে: নির্ভরশীল/subordinate clause-টি শর্ত বোঝায় এবং প্রধান/principal clause-টি প্রেক্ষাপট বোঝায়। এদেরকে ‘if clauses’-ও বলা হয়।

There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals
 
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।
- If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- অতএব, নিয়মানুযায়ী would not have missed উত্তর হবে।
 
পুরো বাক্যটি এমন হবে: Had you walked fast, you would not have missed the train. 
 
 SOURCE: A Passage to the English Language by S. M. Zakir Hussain
৩২৩.
Rima would never have moved to the city if she had known how expensive the cost of living __________.
  1. ক
    would be
  2. খ
    would have be
  3. গ
    would have been
  4. ঘ
    would been
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে  সঠিক উত্তর - would be.
- Complete sentence: Rima would never have moved to the city if she had known how expensive the cost of living would be.
• বাক্যটি Third conditional এর উদাহরণ।

 • 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If-এর পর Past Perfect Tense থাকলে পরবর্তী Sentence টিতে Past Perfect Conditional বসে।
- অর্থাৎ, would have/could have + verb-এর Past Participle form হয়।
- Structure: If + Past Perfect Tense + Past Perfect Conditional.
 -Example: If you had come, I would have gone there.

• অথবা, 
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।
- Had I known about the traffic, I would have left earlier.
৩২৪.
Complete the sentence 'Had I known in advance, I ____ enough preparation' choosing from the given options.
  1. ক
    ক) would take
  2. খ
    খ) would have taken
  3. গ
    গ) took
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) will take
ব্যাখ্যা
Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।
- If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।

অতএব, নিয়মানুযায়ী would have taken উত্তর হবে।
৩২৫.
If I had left earlier,
  1. ক
    I hadn't missed the train.
  2. খ
    I could have missed the train.
  3. গ
    I would missed the train.
  4. ঘ
    I wouldn’t have missed the train.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complete Sentence: If I had left earlier, I wouldn’t have missed the train.
- Bangla Meaning: যদি আমি আগেই বের হতাম, তাহলে আমি ট্রেন মিস করতাম না।

• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত Sentence টি Third Conditional sentence -এর উপর ভিত্তি করে করা হয়েছে।
- একটি Conditional sentence-এ দু’টি clause থাকে: subordinate clause -টি শর্ত বোঝায় এবং principal clause-টি ফলাফল বোঝায়।

• Third conditional -এর নিয়মানুযায়ী:
- If clause (শর্তযুক্ত অংশে) -এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause -এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension হয়।

• Structure: If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Subject + would/could/might + have + verb -এর past participle.

• Note: If না থাকলে Condition part টি Had দ্বারা শুরু হতে পারে।

• More Examples:
1. If he had not helped me, I would have failed the test.
2. If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
৩২৬.
Choose the incorrect one.
  1. ক
    If I had known about the event earlier, I would have attended it.
  2. খ
    If she knew his number, she would have called him.
  3. গ
    If it’s sunny tomorrow, we will go to the beach.
  4. ঘ
    If I had more time, I would travel the world.
ব্যাখ্যা
• অপশন গুলোর মধ্যে ভুল বাক্য - 'If she knew his number, she would have called him.'

• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী Correct sentence: If she knew his number, she would call him.

--------------------

ক) If I had known about the event earlier, I would have attended it.
- এটি 3rd Conditional sentence.

গ) If it’s sunny tomorrow, we will go to the beach.
- বাক্যটি একটি First conditional এর উদাহরণ।

ঘ) If I had more time, I would travel the world.
- উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• এখানে had, main verb হিসেবে বসেছে।

------------------------
• একটি Conditional sentence এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত  
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 

• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals

• এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
- Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth).
- 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future.
- 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb).
- 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3).
৩২৭.
If I were a bird, I ....... fly.
  1. ক
    may
  2. খ
    can
  3. গ
    would
  4. ঘ
    will
ব্যাখ্যা

Complete sentence: If I were a bird, I would fly.
- এটি একটি Second Conditional Sentence, যা অবাস্তব বা কাল্পনিক পরিস্থিতি বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• Second conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী:
- If যুক্ত Clause টি Past Indefinite Tense হয় তাহলে পরবর্তী Clause এ should/ would/might+ verb এর present form ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- এ জাতীয় Conditional Clause এ ভবিষ্যৎ ঘটনার উল্লেখ থাকে এবং তাতে যে শর্ত আরোপিত হয় তা পূরণ হওয়া অসম্ভব।
- অসম্ভব না হলেও পূরণ হওয়ার সম্ভবনা খুব কম। এ জাতীয় Conditional Clause এ Past Indefinite Tense থাকে।
- Structure: If + Past Indefinite, Subject + would/should/might + base verb.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৩২৮.
Had I seen him, I ____________ him the news.
  1. ক
    given
  2. খ
    would have given
  3. গ
    have given
  4. ঘ
    would gave
ব্যাখ্যা
• Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- অনেক সময় conditional-এ subordinate conjunction if এর পরিবর্তে sentence এর শুরুতে Had ব্যবহার করা যায় এবং এর পর verb এর past participle form বসে।
- Conditional sentence- এ Had + Sub + V3 + Ext.
- এভাবে কোন Sentence শুরু হলে সেটিও Perfect conditional/ 3rd conditional হয়।
- তাই পরবর্তী clause এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Example:
Had I seen him, I would have given him the news.
Had I been a king, I would have helped the poor.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৩২৯.
Had they left earlier, they would have reached on time.
  1. ক
    would reach
  2. খ
    would had reached
  3. গ
    have reached
  4. ঘ
    No correction needed
ব্যাখ্যা

• The required answer is - No correction needed.
- প্রদত্ত sentence টি Third conditional এর নিয়ম অনুসারে সঠিক।

• Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ had দিয়ে clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত clause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৩০.
Fill in the blank to complete the sentence.
If he runs fast, he ____ the prize.
  1. ক
    would win
  2. খ
    will win
  3. গ
    will won
  4. ঘ
    would have won
  5. ঙ
    had won
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complete sentence: If he runs fast, he will win the prize.
- Bangla meaning: যদি সে দ্রুত দৌড়ায়, তবে সে পুরস্কার জিতবে।

• প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি একটি 1st Conditional sentence -এর উদাহরণ।
- একটি Conditional sentence -এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্তযুক্ত অংশ,
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল অংশ। 

• 1st Conditional -এর নিয়মানুযায়ী 'If' clause টি present indefinite হলে, main clause টি Future indefinite tense -এ হবে।
- এক্ষত্রে structure হলো- If + Present indefinite + Future indefinite. / Future indefinite + If + Present indefinite.

• More examples:
- If she studies harder, she will pass the exam.
- If the price is low, the demand will increase.

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হলো- If he runs fast, he will win the prize.

Source:
1. A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
2. Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.
৩৩১.
If they had played harder, ______________.
  1. ক
    they had win the match
  2. খ
    they have win the match
  3. গ
    they could have won the match
  4. ঘ
    they could had won the match
ব্যাখ্যা

• Third Conditional Sentence এর নিয়মানুঝায়ী-
- ১ম clause টি শুরু হবে If দিয়ে। 
- তারপর Subject বসে।
- Past Perfect Tense হয়।
- ২য় clause এ Subject এরপর would have/ could have/ might have বসে।
- Verb এর Past Perticiple form হয়। 

Note: অনেক সময় Sub-orddinate Conjunction এ If এর পরিবর্তে Had দ্বারা Sentence শুরু হয়।

Complete Sentence: If they had played harder, they could have won the match.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৩২.
If only you _____ to the meeting when you were in town.
  1. ক
    has gone
  2. খ
    goes
  3. গ
    had gone
  4. ঘ
    was gone
ব্যাখ্যা
• Correct Sentence: "If only you had gone to the meeting when you were in town."

- "If only..." দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হলে,
- তা দিয়ে আক্ষেপ (wish/regret) বা বাস্তবে যা হচ্ছে না, সেটা হলে ভালো হতো, এই রকম অনুভূতি প্রকাশ পায়।
- এটি একটি Subjunctive mood, যেখানে Past tense বা perfect tense ব্যবহৃত হয়, যদিও বক্তব্যটি বর্তমান কালের অর্থ প্রকাশ করে।

- "If only you had gone to the meeting when you were in town. "
- "তুমি যখন শহরে ছিলে তখন যদি তুমি মিটিং-এ যেতে"

• Other Options:
ক) has gone
- Present perfect tense, বর্তমান সময় বোঝায়। ভুল।

খ) goes
- Present simple tense। নিয়মিত কাজ বোঝায়, কিন্তু এখানে অতীতের আফসোস করা হচ্ছে।

ঘ) was gone
- “was gone” মানে “চলে গিয়েছিল”, কিন্তু এটি passive tone এর মতো লাগে এবং grammatically incorrect এখানে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain, cambridge.org (if-only).
৩৩৩.
If I ________ the importance of the task, I ____________ on it sooner.
  1. ক
    realized, would worked
  2. খ
    had realized, worked
  3. গ
    realized, would have worked
  4. ঘ
    had realized, would have worked
ব্যাখ্যা
• 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + V3+ extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3+ Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।

• তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী, শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - had realized, would have worked.

Complete Sentence: If I had realized the importance of the task, I would have worked on it sooner.
Bangla meaning: "যদি আমি কাজটির গুরুত্ব বুঝতে পারতাম, তাহলে আমি এটি নিয়ে আগেই কাজ করতাম।"
৩৩৪.
I would have lent you my laptop if you ______ me.
  1. ক
    Could ask
  2. খ
    would have asked
  3. গ
    Could of asked
  4. ঘ
    had asked
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - had asked.
- Complete sentence: I would have lent you my laptop if had asked me.
- বাক্যটি third conditionals এর উদাহরণ।
 
• Third Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If + Past Perfect (had +V3) = Subject + would have/could have/might have + Verb এর past participle form)
- নিয়মানুযায়ী,  
- এই বাক্যের প্রথম অংশে would have +  Verb এর past participle lent রয়েছে।
- তাই দ্বিতীয় বা If যুক্ত অংশেন If + Past Perfect (had +asked) হবে।
--------------------------
- একটি Conditional sentence এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত।
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 
 
• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals
 
• এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)
- অথবা - Had + sub+ verb এর past participle + Sub+ would/ could/might + have + pp of verb
৩৩৫.
If she had called me, I ___ (help) her.
  1. ক
    have helped
  2. খ
    would have helped
  3. গ
    would had helped
  4. ঘ
    was helped
ব্যাখ্যা
• Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুযায়ী:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি Clause থাকে। 
- দুটি Clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If বা had দিয়ে Clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত Clause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

Complete Sentence: If she had called me, I would have helped her.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৩৩৬.
Fill in the gap. If they had arrived earlier, they ______ better seats.
  1. ক
    might find
  2. খ
    might have find
  3. গ
    might found
  4. ঘ
    might have found
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে -  might have found
- Complete sentence: If they had arrived earlier, they might have found better seats.
- বাক্যটি third conditionals এর উদাহরণ।

• Third Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
- If + Past Perfect (had +V3) = Subject + would have/could have/might have + Verb এর past participle form)
- নিয়মানুযায়ী,  
- এই বাক্যের প্রথম অংশে- If + Past Perfect (had +listened) 
- তাই পরের clause এ would have/could have/might have + Verb এর past participle form (found) হবে।
৩৩৭.
Choose the correct sentence.
  1. ক
    If the team had communicated more effectively during the project, they may have completed it on time, resulting in a successful presentation and positive feedback from their supervisors.
  2. খ
    If the team has communicated more effectively during the project, they might have completed it on time, resulting in a successful presentation and positive feedback from their supervisors.
  3. গ
    If the team had communicated more effectively during the project, they might complete it on time, resulting in a successful presentation and positive feedback from their supervisors.
  4. ঘ
    If the team had communicated more effectively during the project, they might have completed it on time, resulting in a successful presentation and positive feedback from their supervisors.
  5. ঙ
    None of the above is correct
ব্যাখ্যা
• Correct sentence: If the team had communicated more effectively during the project, they might have completed it on time, resulting in a successful presentation and positive feedback from their supervisors.
- বাক্যটি মূলত perfect conditional/3rd conditional এর উদাহরণ।

• 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If-এর পর Past Perfect Tense থাকলে পরবর্তী Sentence টিতে Past Perfect Conditional বসে।
- অর্থাৎ, would have/could have + verb-এর Past Participle form হয়।
- আর যদি বাক্যটি passive sense প্রকাশ করে তবে - If + had been + Verb এর past participle form হয়।

• Structure:
- If + Past Perfect Tense (had + verb এর past participle form) + would have/could have + verb-এর Past Participle form.

Example:
- If you had come, I would have gone there.
- What would have happened if the train had been missed?
৩৩৮.
Complete the sentence- If they had started earlier, _______.
  1. ক
    ক) they could got the train.
  2. খ
    খ) they could have got the train.
  3. গ
    গ) they could get the train.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) they might got the train.
ব্যাখ্যা
• If- যুক্ত clause টি past perfect tense এর হলে principal clause টি perfect conditional হয়। 
- এক্ষেত্রে structure হয়: Subject + would have/could have/might have + verb এর past participle. 

Complete sentence টি হবে- If they had started earlier, they could have got the train.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৩৩৯.
If I had studied harder at college, I ______ to a better university.
  1. ক
    ক) could go
  2. খ
    খ) could have gone
  3. গ
    গ) may go
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) could have being gone
ব্যাখ্যা
- উল্লেখিত প্রশ্নের সঠিক উত্তর হচ্ছে could have gone.

 • 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (Sub + would have/could have/might have + V3).
Example of Sentences:
If I had studied harder at college, I could have gone to a better university.
If we had never met, my life would have been a lot less complicated.
If hadn't taken the job, I might have regretted it.

Source: Cambridge Dictionary.
৩৪০.
If you had walked fast, you ______ the station.
Choose the right form of the verb -
  1. ক
    ক) can reach
  2. খ
    খ) could reach
  3. গ
    গ) could have reached
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) will reach
ব্যাখ্যা
If যুক্ত clause টি past perfect tense এর হলে,
- Principal clause টি perfect conditional (subject + would have/ could have/ might have + verb এর past participle). 

Example: 
- If I had seen him, I might have told him the news. 
- If you had walked fast, you could have reached the station.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition. 
৩৪১.
If they had more time, they ______________ the project.
  1. ক
    had finished
  2. খ
    have finished
  3. গ
    would have finished
  4. ঘ
    would finish
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

Complete sentence: If they had more time, they would finish the project.
৩৪২.
If she __________ the truth, they would have believed her.
  1. ক
    had told
  2. খ
    told
  3. গ
    tells
  4. ঘ
    tell
ব্যাখ্যা
• Third Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- If + subject + past perfect tense দ্বারা কোন Conditional sentence শুরু হলে এর অপর sentence টি তে subject এরপর would have/could have/might have বসে এবং এর পরের verb টির past participle form হয়।

তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে - If she had told the truth, they would have believed her.
৩৪৩.
Had she prepared well, she ______ (pass) the exam.
  1. ক
    would pass
  2. খ
    would have passed
  3. গ
    will have passed
  4. ঘ
    had passed
ব্যাখ্যা

• Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ had দিয়ে clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত clause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

• Complete Sentence: Had she prepared well, she would have passed the exam.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৪৪.
If it rained, we ______ indoors and watch movies.
  1. ক
    have stayed
  2. খ
    would stay
  3. গ
    would have stayed
  4. ঘ
    stayed
ব্যাখ্যা
• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী: 
- If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

Examples: 
- If I were a plant, I would love the rain.
- If I had much money, I would help the distressed people.

Complete Sentence: If it rained, we would stay indoors and watch movies.
৩৪৫.
If I had a million dollars, _________
  1. ক
    I would have travelled around the world.
  2. খ
    I would travelled around the world.
  3. গ
    I would travel around the world.
  4. ঘ
    I will travel around the world.
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - I would travel around the world.
- Complete sentence: If I had a million dollars, I would travel around the world.
- Bangla Meaning: আমার কাছে যদি এক মিলিয়ন ডলার থাকত, আমি সারা বিশ্বে ঘুরে বেড়াতাম।
- বাক্যটি second conditional এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।
- উল্লিখিত বাক্যের if clause টি If + past indefinite (had) যোগে গঠিত, তাই এর প্রথম অংশে would + verb এর base form হিসেবে travel বসেছে।
৩৪৬.
An incomplete statement followed by some fillers is given. Select the best one which can complete the incomplete statement correctly and meaningfully.(1-16)
Many people have law degrees, …..
  1. ক
    ক) but some of them do not practice it.
  2. খ
    খ) however it isn’t practised by all.
  3. গ
    গ) but not all of them practice law.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) yet some are not undergoing practices.
ব্যাখ্যা
Option(C) is the correct one i.e.Many people have law degrees, but not all of them practice law.
৩৪৭.
Choose the sentence with the first conditional-
  1. ক
    The plane would take off if there is no fog.
  2. খ
    The plane would take off if there was no fog.
  3. গ
    The plane will take off if there was no fog.
  4. ঘ
    The plane will take off if there is no fog.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: The plane will take off if there is no fog.
- এটি একটি First conditional sentence.

First conditional sentence:
- অর্থাৎ, First Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী 'IF" যুক্ত clause টি এ Present indefinite থাকলে অপর clause টি এ Future Indefinite হয়।
- Structure: If + Present Simple, (Future indefinite) sub + will + base verb.
- উপরের If + subordinate clauseটি present indefinite tense. তাই তার অপর অংশটি অর্থাৎ principal clauseটি future indefinite tense গঠন করে sentenceটি complete করা হয়েছে।

Other options:

ক) The plane would take off if there is no fog.
- ভুল কারণ First Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী 'IF" যুক্ত clause টি এ Present indefinite থাকলে অপর clause টি এ Future Indefinite হয়।

খ) The plane would take off if there was no fog.
- ভুল কারণ First Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী 'IF" যুক্ত clause টি এ Present indefinite থাকলে অপর clause টি এ Future Indefinite হয়। এটি একটি 2nd conditional sentence.

গ) The plane will take off if there was no fog.
- ভুল কারণ First Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী 'IF" যুক্ত clause টি এ Present indefinite Tense এর হয়।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৪৮.
If he had apologized, they _______ him.
  1. ক
    might forgiven
  2. খ
    might have forgiven
  3. গ
    have forgiven
  4. ঘ
    might forgave
ব্যাখ্যা
• 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।

Complete Sentence: If he had apologized, they might have forgiven him.

বাকি অপশনগুলো কেন ভুল:
ক) might forgiven 
→ "might" এর পরে "have + V3" হওয়া উচিত। এখানে "have" অনুপস্থিত। এক্ষেত্রে might have forgiven সঠিক উত্তর। 

গ) have forgiven 
→ এটা present perfect tense, conditional sentence অনুযায়ী "might have forgiven" প্রয়োজন।

ঘ) might forgave
→ ভুল: "might" এর পরে base form (V1) ব্যবহার করতে হয়। কিন্তু "forgave" হচ্ছে V2. তাছাড়া এক্ষেত্রে might have forgiven সঠিক উত্তর। 
৩৪৯.
Complete the sentence: If I knew the answer, I ______ you.
  1. ক
    ক) will tell
  2. খ
    খ) tell
  3. গ
    গ) would tell
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) told
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নের সঠিক উত্তর- would tell.

• If যুক্ত sentence এর প্রথম অংশ past indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশে subject এরপর would/ could + verb এর present from হবে।
- If + were + extension, would/could/might + Verb- এর present form.
Example:
- If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
- If I were you, I would take the money.
- If I were a bird, I would fly to you.
- If I were rich, I would help the poor.
৩৫০.
If you had come earlier, you would ____ found a good seat.
  1. ক
    had
  2. খ
    have
  3. গ
    can
  4. ঘ
    has
ব্যাখ্যা

- Complete Sentence: If you had come earlier, you would have found a good seat.
- Bangla Meaning: যদি আপনি আগে আসতেন, আপনি একটি ভালো সিট পেতেন।

 - শুন্যস্থানে, have বসেছে, এবং এটি একটি conditional sentence.

• Third conditional -এর নিয়মানুযায়ী:
- If clause (শর্তযুক্ত অংশে)-এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause -এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension হয়।

• Structure: If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Subject + would/could/might + have + verb-এর past participle.
- Negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করলে would/could/might + not হয়।

- বাক্যটি একটি, third conditional sentence (যার জন্য অতীতের কাল ও ফলাফল নিয়ে কথা বলা হয়)।
- এর structure: Sub + had + verb এর past partciple + ...+ Sub + would have + verb এর past participle.

৩৫১.
If you study hard, you ________ the exam.
  1. ক
    will pass
  2. খ
    would pass
  3. গ
    would passed
  4. ঘ
    have passed
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হচ্ছে - will pass.
- Complete Sentence: If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
Bangla Meaning: যদি তুমি কঠোর পরিশ্রম কর, তবে তুমি পরীক্ষায় উত্তীর্ণ হবে।

• Structure:  If + Present Indefinite + Future Indefinite. 
- বাক্যটি 1st Conditional-এর উদাহরণ।1st conditional এ first clause টি present indefinite tense হলে অপর clause টি future indefinite tense হবে।
তাই, বাক্যের শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক শব্দ হিসেবে will pass বসবে।
৩৫২.
If he had listened carefully, ____________.
  1. ক
    he would not miss the important point.
  2. খ
    he could not missed the point.
  3. গ
    he might not have missed the point.
  4. ঘ
    he won't miss the point.
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - he might not have missed the point.
- Complete sentence: If he had listened carefully, he might not have missed the point.
- বাক্যটি third conditionals এর উদাহরণ।

• Third Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If + Past Perfect (had +V3) = Subject + would have/could have/might have + Verb এর past participle form)
- নিয়মানুযায়ী,  
- এই বাক্যের প্রথম অংশে- If + Past Perfect (had +listened) 
- তাই পরের clause এ would have/could have/might have + Verb এর past participle form (understood) হবে।
--------------------------
- একটি Conditional sentence এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত।
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 

• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals

• এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)
- অথবা - Had + sub+ verb এর past participle + Sub+ would/ could/might + have + pp of verb
৩৫৩.
Complete the sentence. If I were a bird, ______.
  1. ক
    ক) I will fly in the sky
  2. খ
    খ) I would fly in the sky
  3. গ
    গ) I shall fly in the sky
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) I flew in the sky
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নের সঠিক উত্তর- I would fly in the sky.
 
• If যুক্ত sentence এর প্রথম অংশ past indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশে subject এর পর would/could + verb এর present from হবে।
- If + were + extension, would/could/might + Verb এর present form.
Example:
- If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
- If I were you, I would take the money.
- If I were a bird, I would fly to you.
- If I were rich, I would help the poor.
৩৫৪.
I wouldn't worry if __________.
  1. ক
    I would you
  2. খ
    I was you
  3. গ
    I were you
  4. ঘ
    I would be you
ব্যাখ্যা

Second Conditionals এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
- If যুক্ত clause টিতে Past Simple tense থাকলে, অপর clause টি Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb) হয়। 
- Structure: If + past simple >> + would + infinitive.

Examples: 
- If we had a garden, we could have a cat.
- If I won a lot of money, I'd buy a big house in the country.
- I wouldn't worry if I were you.

উল্লেখ্য, If এর পর যদি be verb থাকে, তাহলে 'were' ব্যবহার করা Grammatically correct. 

৩৫৫.
If the media had exposed the government's plans, the genocide __________________.
  1. ক
    might not have occured
  2. খ
    might not have occurred
  3. গ
    may not have occurred
  4. ঘ
    will not have occurred
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complete Sentence: If the media had exposed the government's plans, the genocide might not have occurred.

• 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might/must + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।
৩৫৬.
Which of the following sentences is correct in structure?
  1. ক
    If you invited me, I would gone to the party.
  2. খ
    If you invited me, I would have went to the party.
  3. গ
    Had he woken up earlier, he would have caught the bus.
  4. ঘ
    Had I been in your situation, I would made it possible.
  5. ঙ
    None of the above
ব্যাখ্যা
• The correct structure is -গ) Had he woken up earlier, he would have caught the bus.

• উল্লিখিত Sentence টি Third Conditional sentence -এর উদাহরণ।
- Third conditional -এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, উল্লিখিত Sentence টি correct.
- If clause (শর্তযুক্ত অংশে) -এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause -এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension হয়।
- Third Conditional sentence মূলত past hypothetical situations বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• Structure: If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Subject + would/could/might + have + verb -এর past participle.
- যেমন: Had he woken up earlier, he would have caught the bus.
- If না থাকলে condition part টি Had দ্বারা শুরু হয়।

• একটি Conditional sentence -এ দু'টি clause থাকে। যথা:
1. subordinate clause -এটি শর্ত বোঝায়।
2. principal clause -এটি ফলাফল বোঝায়।

• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals

• এ ধরনের Conditionals বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
- Zero Conditional → If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth).
- 1st Conditional → If + Present indefinite + Future indefinite.
- 2nd Conditional → If + Past Simple + Sub + would/might/could + base form of the verb.
- 3rd Conditional → If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3).

• উপরোক্ত structure অনুযায়ী অন্যান্য অপশনের sentence গুলো ভুল।
৩৫৭.
If you freeze water, ______________.
  1. ক
    it may becomes solid.
  2. খ
    it will turn into solid.
  3. গ
    it becomes solid.
  4. ঘ
    it would become solid.
ব্যাখ্যা
• বাক্যটি একটি zero conditional এর উদাহরণ।
- এ ধরনের conditionals গুলো হলো real conditions.

• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth).
- অথবা, If +Present indefinite = Subject + Verb এর present form/ (may/can) + verb এর present form.
- এর if যুক্ত অংশ যদি present indefinite এ হয়, তাহলে এরপরের অংশেও present imdefinite এ হয়।

• If যুক্তটি অংশটি যদি present tense এ থাকে তবে তা  Zero conditionals or First Conditionals হয়ে থাকে।
- সে অনুযায়ী এরপরের clause এ Present indefinite or Future Indefinite হয়।
- সেক্ষেত্রে চিরন্তন সত্য, ভৌগলিক বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য এর ক্ষেত্রে Present indefinite হয়।
- সাধারণ বিষয় বা ঘটনা এর ক্ষেত্রে Future Indefinite হয়।

• প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যটি বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য। 
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর: it becomes solid.
- Complete sentence: If you freeze water,it becomes solid.
- যেহেতু It third person singular number, তাই verb এর সাথে -s/es যুক্ত হবে।
৩৫৮.
If they knew the answer, they ______ us.
  1. ক
    would have helped
  2. খ
    would help
  3. গ
    have helped
  4. ঘ
    helped
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

Complete sentence: If they knew the answer, they would help us.
৩৫৯.
She ______ more if she had enough money.
  1. ক
    travel
  2. খ
    will travel
  3. গ
    would travel
  4. ঘ
    would have traveled
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - would travel
- Complete Sentence: She would travel more if she had enough money.
• প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি একটি second conditional জাতীয় বাক্য।

• Second Conditional এর structure: 
• If + simple past (Verb এর past form/ were/ had) + would/could/might + base form of the verb.
- অর্থাৎ, - If যুক্ত clause টিতে If এরপর verb এর past indefinite or were/had আসলে এরপর subject + would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যের দ্বিতীয় clause টি হচ্ছে  -if + simple past (had) দ্বারা গঠিত।
- তাই প্রথম clause টি Subject + might + say (verb এর base form) হবে।
৩৬০.
I wouldn't worry if I were you.
  1. ক
    I would you
  2. খ
    I would be you
  3. গ
    I had been you
  4. ঘ
    No improvement
ব্যাখ্যা

• Second Conditionals এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
- If যুক্ত clause টিতে Past Simple tense থাকলে, অপর clause টি Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb) হয়। 
- Structure: If + past simple >> + would + infinitive. 

• Example sentence: 
- If we had a garden, we could have a cat.
- If I won a lot of money, I'd buy a big house in the country.
- I wouldn't worry if I were you.

• উল্লেখ্য, If এর পর যদি be verb থাকে, তাহলে 'were' ব্যবহার করা Grammatically correct. 

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৬১.
If you had called me, I ________________ to help you.
  1. ক
    would have come
  2. খ
    would come
  3. গ
    will come
  4. ঘ
    came
ব্যাখ্যা
Complete Sentence: If you had called me, I would have come to help you.

• বাক্যটি একটি Third Conditional জাতীয় বাক্য।
• Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
- principal clause এ would have/could have/might have + verb এর past participle থাকলে if clause টি past perfect হয়।
- যেহেতু, প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যে main clause এ subject (i) + would have + verb এর past participle আছে তাই If clause টিতে, subject + past perfect হয়েছে।
৩৬২.
If it rains, they _____ not play.
  1. ক
    ক) do
  2. খ
    খ) would
  3. গ
    গ) will
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) did not
ব্যাখ্যা
• First Conditional:
- দুই ধরনের বাক্যে First Conditional হয়।
- If যুক্ত clause টি future indefinite tense এ থাকলে এর পরের অংশে present indefinite হবে।
- ভবিষ্যতে হবে এমন দুটি কাজের ক্ষেত্রে if-এর পর Present Indefinite Tense হয়। 
- Structure : If + Present Indifintie + Future Indefinite Tense.
Example:
If it rains, they will not play.
If you study more, you will pass in the exam.
৩৬৩.
Had I possessed a vast property,-
  1. ক
    I would establish a college.
  2. খ
    I would have established a college.
  3. গ
    I would be established a college.
  4. ঘ
    I would have been established a college.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Had + sub + verb এর past participle এই structure এ থাকলে ,
- Principal clause টি perfect conditional ( would have + verb এর past participle) হয়।

Complete sentence: Had I possessed a vast property, I would have established a college.
Example: Had he wanted, they would have helped him.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition.
৩৬৪.
Identify the correct sentence.
  1. ক
    If we had more time, we would visited the museum.
  2. খ
    If we had more time, we would have visited the museum.
  3. গ
    If we had more time, we would have visit the museum.
  4. ঘ
    If we had more time, we would visit the museum.
ব্যাখ্যা

• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী ,
Correct sentence: If we had more time, we would visit the museum.

এখানে had main verb হিসেবে বসেছে।

৩৬৫.
If they had worked harder, ____________.
  1. ক
    they could have won the match.
  2. খ
    they have had won the match.
  3. গ
    they have won the match.
  4. ঘ
    they could won the match.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Third Conditional Sentence এর নিয়মানুঝায়ী-
- ১ম clause টি শুরু হবে If দিয়ে। 
- তারপর Subject বসে।
- Past Perfect Tense হয়।
- ২য় clause এ Subject এরপর would have/ could have/ might have বসে।
- Verb এর Past Perticiple form হয়। 

Note: অনেক সময় Sub-orddinate Conjunction এ If এর পরিবর্তে Had দ্বারা Sentence শুরু হয়।

Complete Sentence: If they had worked harder, they could have won the match.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৩৬৬.
If I had seen him _____
  1. ক
    ক) I would tell him the matter
  2. খ
    খ) I might tell him the matter
  3. গ
    গ) I will have told him the matter
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) I might have told him the matter
ব্যাখ্যা
• If Clause-টি past perfect tense-এ থাকলে অপর অংশটির (Principal Clause) Subject-এর পরে might have/would have/could have বসে এবং bracket-এর verb-টির past participle হয়।
যেমন:
If I had seen him, I might have told him the matter.
৩৬৭.
If I had wings, I _____ the world for free.
  1. ক
    would traveled
  2. খ
    had traveled
  3. গ
    would have traveled
  4. ঘ
    would travel
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী ,
Correct sentence: If I had wings, I would travel the world for free.

এখানে had main verb হিসেবে বসেছে।
৩৬৮.
Fill in the gap. Had he followed the doctor's advice, ________________.
  1. ক
    he wouldn't have to undergo surgery.
  2. খ
    he wouldn't have had to undergo surgery.
  3. গ
    he wouldn't has to undergo surgery.
  4. ঘ
    he wouldn't had to undergo surgery.
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - he wouldn't have had to undergo surgery.
Complete sentence: Had he followed the doctor's advice, he wouldn't have had to undergo surgery.

• একটি Conditional sentence-এ দু’টি clause থাকে: নির্ভরশীল/subordinate clause-টি শর্ত বোঝায় এবং প্রধান/principal clause-টি প্রেক্ষাপট বোঝায়। এদেরকে ‘if clauses’-ও বলা হয়।

• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals

 • 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।
- অর্থাৎ, Had যুক্ত clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
৩৬৯.
If she had returned the money in time, I ________ a case.
  1. ক
    might not have file
  2. খ
    might not filed
  3. গ
    might not file
  4. ঘ
    might not have filed
ব্যাখ্যা

• 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।

Complete Sentence: If she had returned the money in time, I might not have filed a case.

৩৭০.
Which of the following sentences is correct?
  1. ক
    Had they listen to my advice, they wouldn't have made that mistake.
  2. খ
    Had they listened to my advice, they wouldn't made that mistake.
  3. গ
    Had they listened to my advice, they wouldn't make that mistake.
  4. ঘ
    Had they listened to my advice, they wouldn't have make that mistake.
  5. ঙ
    None above these
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লিখিত অপশন গুলোর মধ্যে একটি বাক্যও সঠিক নয়।
- তাই সঠিক উত্তর হবে - None above these.
- বাক্যটি Third Conditional এর উদাহরণ.

• 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।
- বা If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- যেমন: Had listened to his coach, he would have won the match.
৩৭১.
Which of the following sentences is correct?
  1. ক
    If she had came to the party, she could have met her old friends.
  2. খ
    If she had came to the party, she could meet her old friends.
  3. গ
    If she had come to the party, she could have met her old friends.
  4. ঘ
    If she had come to the party, she could meet her old friends.
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লিখিত অপশনগুলোর মধ্যে - সঠিক বাক্যটি হচ্ছে - If she had come to the party, she could have met her old friends.
• বাক্যটি Third Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক।

• Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
- Principal clause এ would have/could have/might have + verb এর past participle থাকলে if clause টি past perfect হয়।
- structure: If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)

• বাক্যটিতে If + Past perfect (had + come) + extension + subject + could have + verb এর past participle form হিসেবে met বসেছে।
৩৭২.
If you save money, you __________ able to afford a vacation.
  1. ক
    will
  2. খ
    will be
  3. গ
    should be
  4. ঘ
    would be
ব্যাখ্যা

প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত Sentence টি একটি 1st Conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

1st Conditionals sentence এর সাধারণ structure হলো:
- If + present simple, will/won't + verb.

বাক্যটি 1st Conditional হওয়ায় পরের অংশ Future tense এ হবে।

Be able to do something (phrase):
Meaning - To have the necessary physical strength, mental power, skill, time, money, or opportunity to do something. 

Complete Sentence: If you save money, you will be able to afford a vacation.
- 'কোনো কিছু করতে সমর্থ/সক্ষম' অর্থে 'be able to' ব্যবহৃত হয় বিধায় শূণ্যস্থানে 'will be' বসেছে। 

Example Sentence:
1. If you study hard, you will succeed in the exam.
2. If you water the plants regularly, they will flourish.
3. If you finish your work on time, you will have more free time.

Source: Advanced Learner’s Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৭৩.
What is the appropriate passive form of “There is no time to lose”.
  1. ক
    ক) There is no time to lose.
  2. খ
    খ) There is enough time to be lost.
  3. গ
    গ) There is no time to be lost.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) There is enough time to lose.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Infinite (to+verb) কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করতে হলে  to be এর পরে verb এর past participle হয়।

Active: There is no time to lose.
Passive: There is no time to be lost.

Active: You have to admit this.
Passive: This has to be admitted by you.

Source: Applied English Grammar & Composition by P.C. Das.
৩৭৪.
If she had informed me earlier, I ______ you immediately.
  1. ক
    would have inform
  2. খ
    would have informed
  3. গ
    have informed
  4. ঘ
    informed
ব্যাখ্যা

• Third Condition এর নিয়মুযায়ী:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ had দিয়ে clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত clause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

• Complete Sentence: If she had informed me earlier, I would have informed you immediately.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৭৫.
If it rains tomorrow, I _____ at home.
  1. ক
    might be stayed
  2. খ
    will stay
  3. গ
    would stay
  4. ঘ
    would have stayed
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - will stay.
- Complete sentence: If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.

• বাক্যটি First conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী গঠিত হয়েছে।
• একটি Conditional sentence এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল।

• Zero or First conditional
• If যুক্তটি অংশটি যদি present tense এ থাকে তবে তা Zero conditionals or First Conditionals হয়ে থাকে।
• Zero Conditional - If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth).
• First conditional - If + Present + Futur indefinite
- সে অনুযায়ী এরপরের clause এ Present indefinite or Future Indefinite হয়।

-  চিরন্তন সত্য, ভৌগলিক বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য এর ক্ষেত্রে Present indefinite হয়।
- সাধারণ বিষয় বা ঘটনা এর ক্ষেত্রে Future Indefinite হয়।

• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি একটি সাধারণ ঘটনা অর্থাৎ, First conditional.
- তাই এই ক্ষেত্রে Future Indefinite হবে।
৩৭৬.
Complete the sentence: If Mehadi studied well, he _______
  1. ক
    may pass
  2. খ
    will pass
  3. গ
    may have passed
  4. ঘ
    might pass
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - might pass.
- Complete Sentence: If Mehadi studied well, he might pass.

• If + simple past + would/could/might + base form of the verb = 2nd Conditional.
- Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।
- প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যের - if যুক্ত clause এ if + simple past (studied) এসেছে তাই এরপরের অংশে might + base form of the verb(pass) হয়েছে।

• Conditional Sentence এর  সাধারণ structure হলো:
• If + simple past + would/could/might + base form of the verb = 2nd Conditional.
• If + past perfect +would have + past participle. = 3rd Conditional.
• If + simple present + will/shall + base form of the verb = 1st conditional.
৩৭৭.
He spoke as though he ___ the ghost.
  1. ক
    saw
  2. খ
    had seen
  3. গ
    sees
  4. ঘ
    will see
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: খ) had seen.

- He spoke as though he had seen the ghost.
- Past Indefinite + as though + Past Perfect.
- He spoke (Past Indefinite) as though he had seen (Past Perfect) the ghost.
- এখানে মূল verb হলো spoke যা Past Indefinite.
- তাই as though এর পরে verb পরিবর্তিত হয়ে Past Perfect (had + V3) হবে।
- Option খ) had seen সঠিক।

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

৩৭৮.
If it hadn't rained, we _________________ for a picnic.
  1. ক
    have gone
  2. খ
    would have gone
  3. গ
    would go
  4. ঘ
    went
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত Sentence টি একটি 3rd Conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

Structure: If + past perfect tense + would/could/might + have + past participle.

• Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- Conditional-এ subordinate conjunction 'if' এর পর Past Perfect Tense হলে,
তার পরবর্তী Clause- এ would/could/might + have + Verb-এর Past Participle form হবে।

Complete sentence: If it hadn't rained, we would have gone for a picnic.

Example Sentence:
1. If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
2. If they had left earlier, they wouldn't have missed the train.

- These are the examples of the Third Conditional.
৩৭৯.
If it rained, we _____ at home.
  1. ক
    would be stay
  2. খ
    would stay
  3. গ
    will stay
  4. ঘ
    would have stayed
ব্যাখ্যা

• Complete sentence: If it rained, we would stay at home. 
- Bangla Meaning: যদি বৃষ্টি হতো, আমরা বাড়িতেই থাকতাম।

• প্রশ্নটি মূলত Second conditional-এর উপর ভিত্তি করে করা হয়েছে। 
- একটি conditional sentence-এ দুটি অংশ থাকে। 
1. Condition বা শর্ত, 
2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 

• Second Conditional-এর নিয়মানুযায়ী: 
- শর্তযুক্ত অংশে If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause থাকলে, পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject-এর পরে would/could/might + verb-এর base form বসে। 

• Structure: If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb -এর base form + extension. 

• Note: 'If' clause-এ be verb হিসেবে সর্বদাই were হবে, If না থাকলে শর্তযুক্ত অংশটি were দ্বারা শুরু হবে। 

• More examples: 
- If I were you, I would accept the offer. 
- If they had more money, they would buy a bigger house. 

৩৮০.
If you _________ him, he would have helped you. 
  1. ক
    asked
  2. খ
    had asked
  3. গ
    asking
  4. ঘ
    had been asked
ব্যাখ্যা

• Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি Clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ Had দিয়ে Clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত Cause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় Clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

• Complete Sentence: If you had asked him, he would have helped you.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৮১.
Choose the correct sentence.
  1. ক
    ক) If I had his address, I could written to him.
  2. খ
    খ) If I had his address, I could write to him.
  3. গ
    গ) If I had his address, I could have wrote to him.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) If I had his address, I could wrote to him.
ব্যাখ্যা
• সঠিক বাক্যটি হচ্ছে - If I had his address, I could write to him.
• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।
৩৮২.
If I ______ (know) about the party, I would have attended it.
  1. ক
    know
  2. খ
    knew
  3. গ
    had known
  4. ঘ
    would know
ব্যাখ্যা

• Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি Clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ Had দিয়ে Clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত Cause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় Clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

• Complete Sentence: If I had known about the party, I would have attended it.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৮৩.
If I _______ earlier, I would have caught the train.
  1. ক
    leave
  2. খ
    left
  3. গ
    had left
  4. ঘ
    would leave
ব্যাখ্যা

• Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ had দিয়ে clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত clause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

• Complete Sentence: If I had left earlier, I would have caught the train.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৮৪.
If she knew the answer, she would _____ us.
  1. ক
    told
  2. খ
    tell
  3. গ
    be tell
  4. ঘ
    to be told
ব্যাখ্যা

• If Clause টি Past Tense এ থাকলে Principle Clause এ subject এরপর Would বসে।
- Would এরপর verb এর base form বসে।
- এটি ব্যবহৃত হয় বর্তমান বা ভবিষ্যতের কাল্পনিক/ অসম্ভব/ অবাস্তব অবস্থার জন্য।
- যাকে Second Conditional Sentence বলা হয়।
 
• Structure: If + Subject + Past Simple + Subject + would + base verb.

• Correct answer: If she knew the answer, she would tell us.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৮৫.
Select the option that will improve the underlined part of the sentence. I would have waited for you at the park if I knew that you would come.
  1. ক
    was known
  2. খ
    known
  3. গ
    had known
  4. ঘ
    have known
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যগুলো Conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।
- একটি Conditional sentence  এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত  
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 

• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals

• এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)

• সুতরাং, 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, সঠিক বাক্যটি হবে - I would have waited for you at the park if I had known that you would come.
৩৮৬.
If they had followed the instructions, the project _______ successful.
  1. ক
    have been
  2. খ
    would have been
  3. গ
    would had been
  4. ঘ
    had
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- অনেকসময় conditional-এ subordinate conjunction if এর পরিবর্তে sentence এর শুরুতে Had ব্যবহার করা যায় এবং এর পর verb এর past participle form বসে।
- Conditional sentence- এ Had + Sub + V3 + Ext. এভাবে কোন Sentence শুরু হলে সেটিও Perfect conditional/ 3rd conditional হয়। তাই পরবর্তী clause এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Example:
Had I seen him, I would have told him the matter.
Had I been a king, I would have helped the poor.

Complete sentence: If they had followed the instructions, the project would have been successful.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৩৮৭.
Do you think you would buy it ______ ?
  1. ক
    if it were not cheap
  2. খ
    if it was cheaper
  3. গ
    if it was very cheap
  4. ঘ
    because it were cheaper
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complete sentence: Do you think you would buy it if it were not cheap?
- Bangla meaning: আপনার কি মনে হয় আপনি এটি কিনতেন যদি এটি সস্তা না হতো?

- উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নটি Second conditional -এর উপর ভিত্তি করে করা হয়েছে।
- এখানে প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত অংশে you would buy আছে, অর্থাৎ, subject + would/could/might + verb -এর base form আছে।
- সুতরাং, পরের অংশটি Second conditional -এর নিয়মানুযায়ী পূরণ করতে হবে।

• Second Conditional -এর নিয়মানুযায়ী:
- শর্তযুক্ত অংশে If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause থাকলে, পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject -এর পরে would/could/might + verb -এর base form বসে।
- 'If' clause -এ be verb হিসেবে সর্বদাই were হবে, If না থাকলে শর্তযুক্ত অংশটি were দ্বারাও শুরু হবে।
- Negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করলে 'not' বসবে।

• Structure: If + subject + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb -এর base form + extension.
- অথবা Subject + would/could/might + verb -এর base form + ...... + If + subject + past indefinite + extension.

• More examples:
1. If I were you, I would accept the offer.
2. If the sun didn't shine, fruits wouldn't ripen.
৩৮৮.
If he had told me the truth, I _______ him.
  1. ক
    would have helped
  2. খ
    have helped
  3. গ
    would have help
  4. ঘ
    helped
ব্যাখ্যা
• Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ had দিয়ে clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত clause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

• Complete Sentence: If he had told me the truth, I would have helped him.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৩৮৯.
If only you _____ to the meeting!
  1. ক
    has gone
  2. খ
    goes
  3. গ
    had gone
  4. ঘ
    was gone
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Sentence: "If only you had gone to the meeting!"

- "If only..." দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হলে,
- তা দিয়ে আক্ষেপ (wish/regret) বা বাস্তবে যা হচ্ছে না, সেটা হলে ভালো হতো, এই রকম অনুভূতি প্রকাশ পায়।
- এটি একটি Subjunctive mood, যেখানে Past tense বা perfect tense ব্যবহৃত হয়, যদিও বক্তব্যটি বর্তমান কালের অর্থ প্রকাশ করে।

- "If only you had gone to the meeting! "
- "ইশ! যদি তুমি মিটিং-এ যেতে!"

• Other Options:
ক) has gone
- Present perfect tense, বর্তমান সময় বোঝায়। ভুল।

খ) goes
- Present simple tense, নিয়মিত কাজ বোঝায়, কিন্তু এখানে অতীতের আফসোস করা হচ্ছে।

ঘ) was gone
- “was gone” মানে “চলে গিয়েছিল”, কিন্তু এটি passive tone এর মতো লাগে এবং grammatically incorrect এখানে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৩৯০.
_______________, I would sleep in until noon.
  1. ক
    If I didn't have to work tomorrow,
  2. খ
    If I haven't had to work tomorrow,
  3. গ
    If hadn't had worked tomorrow
  4. ঘ
    If hadn't had work tomorrow
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - If I didn't have to work tomorrow
- Complete sentence: If I didn't have to work tomorrow, I would sleep in until noon.

• বাক্যটি একটি 2nd Conditionals sentence এর উদাহরণ।
• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।
৩৯১.
If we lived in a warmer climate, we ___________ our own fruits and vegetables in a backyard garden.
  1. ক
    would grow
  2. খ
    would have grown
  3. গ
    will grow
  4. ঘ
    None of the above
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - would grow.
- Complete sentence: If we lived in a warmer climate, we would grow our own fruits and vegetables in a backyard garden.

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।
- সাধারণত If যুক্ত Sentence এ subject এর পর be verb আসলে সেক্ষেত্রে were ব্যবহৃত হয়।

More Examples:
1. If they didn't have such busy schedules, they would volunteer at the local animal shelter every weekend.
2. If she weren't allergic to cats, she would adopt that adorable kitten from the animal shelter.
৩৯২.
Complete the following sentence:
__________________________ I would have invited you to come in.
  1. ক
    Have I known you were waiting outside
  2. খ
    Had I known you were waiting outside
  3. গ
    If I know you were waiting outside
  4. ঘ
    If I knew  you were waiting outside
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: Had I known you were waiting outside.
Complete sentence: Had I known you were waiting outside, I would have invited you to come in.
- প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি 3rd Condition এর উদাহরণ।

• 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Had + sub + V, এবং পরের অংশে sub + would have/could have/might have + V3 + extension. 
- অর্থাৎ, Had + Subject + verb এর past participle form হলে এরপরের অংশে Subject + would/could/might + have + verb এর past participle form+ ext হয়।
- Negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করলে would/could/might + not হয়।
- তাই যেহেতু প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যের ২য় অংশে I would have invited you to come in আছে তাই তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী, শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে Had I known you were waiting outside.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৯৩.
If I won the lottery,___________________.
  1. ক
    I should buy a big house
  2. খ
    I would buy a big house
  3. গ
    I will buy a big house
  4. ঘ
    I may buy a big house
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: I would buy a big house.
Complete sentence: If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.

• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি একটি second conditional জাতীয় বাক্য।
- Second Conditional এর structure:
- If + simple past (Verb এর past form/ were/had) + would/could/might + base form of the verb.
- অর্থাৎ, If যুক্ত clause টিতে If এরপর verb এর past indefinite or were/had আসলে এরপর subject + would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যের if যুক্ত clause এ if + simple past (won) এসেছে তাই এরপরের অংশে would/could+ might + base form of the verb (buy) হবে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৩৯৪.
If I had known you were in town, I __________ to meet up with you.
  1. ক
    would arrange
  2. খ
    would have arranged
  3. গ
    would have arrange
  4. ঘ
    have arranged
ব্যাখ্যা
• Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- অনেকসময় conditional-এ subordinate conjunction if এর পরিবর্তে sentence এর শুরুতে Had ব্যবহার করা যায় এবং এর পর verb এর past participle form বসে।
- Conditional sentence- এ Had + Sub + V3 + Ext. এভাবে কোন Sentence শুরু হলে সেটিও Perfect conditional/ 3rd conditional হয়। তাই পরবর্তী clause এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Complete sentence: If I had known you were in town, I would have arranged to meet up with you.
৩৯৫.
Fill in the blank with the correct phrase: The convict __ arrested if he had tried to leave the country.
  1. ক
    would
  2. খ
    could be
  3. গ
    would have been
  4. ঘ
    must be
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - would have been.
Complete Sentence: The convict would have been arrested if he had tried to leave the country.

• বাক্যটি একটি third Conditional জাতীয় বাক্য।
• একটি Conditional sentence-এ দু’টি clause থাকে: নির্ভরশীল / subordinate clause-টি শর্ত বোঝায় এবং প্রধান/principal clause-টি প্রেক্ষাপট বোঝায়। এদেরকে ‘if clauses’-ও বলা হয়।

• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals

 • 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- - If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + V3+ extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।
- যেহেতু প্রশ্ন প্রদত্ত বাক্যে if যুক্ত clause টি(had + V3) structure এ আছে তাই অন্য clause টিতে  would + have + V3 ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।
৩৯৬.
Had the victim ____ able to find a telephone to contact authorities, she would have received assistance.
  1. ক
    ক) been
  2. খ
    খ) be
  3. গ
    গ) would be
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) would have
ব্যাখ্যা
• Third conditional এর নিয়ম অনুযায়ী,
- Sub-ordinate clause টি past perfect tense এর হলে principal clause টি perfect conditional (subject + would have/ could have/ might have + verb এর past participle) হয়। 
- এখানে Sub-ordinate clause টি had দ্বারা শুরু হয়েছে। 
- Sub-ordinate clause 'had' দ্বারা শুরু হলে, Had + subject + verb এর past participle হয় এবং principal clause টি perfect conditional হয়। 

• Complete Sentence: Had the victim been able to find a telephone to contact authorities, she would have received assistance. 

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৩৯৭.
If they _______ about the delay, they ______ longer.
  1. ক
    had known, would wait
  2. খ
    known, would have waited
  3. গ
    had known, would have waited
  4. ঘ
    had known, would have wait
ব্যাখ্যা
• 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।

Complete Sentence: If they had known about the delay, they would have waited longer.
Bangla: যদি তারা বিলম্ব সম্পর্কে জানত, তারা আরও বেশি সময় অপেক্ষা করত।
৩৯৮.
If he ..., she will not go.
  1. ক
    comes
  2. খ
    will come
  3. গ
    may come
  4. ঘ
    is coming
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct answer: If he comes, she will not go.
- প্রদত্ত sentence টি First Conditional sentence এর।

• First Conditional:
- If দিয়ে sentence টি শুরু হবে।
- দুটি Clause থাকে।
- If যুক্ত clause টি Present Indefinite Tense হবে।
- Main clause টি Future Indefinite Tense হবে।

• Structure: If + Present Indefinite Tense + Future Indefinite Tense.

• একটি Conditional sentence এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত।
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 

• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals

• এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth).
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future.
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb).
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3).
- অথবা - Had + sub+ verb এর past participle + Sub+ would/ could/might + have + pp of verb.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৯৯.
If the teacher had explained the topic clearly, the students _______ better.
  1. ক
    have understood
  2. খ
    would understood
  3. গ
    would have understood
  4. ঘ
    would have understand
ব্যাখ্যা
• 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।

Complete sentence: If the teacher had explained the topic clearly, the students would have understood better.
৪০০.
I (help) you if I could.
  1. ক
    ক) I would help
  2. খ
    খ) I would be helped
  3. গ
    গ) I helped
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) I would have helped
ব্যাখ্যা
• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।
- যেহেতু প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যের দ্বিতীয় অংশে if + subject + verb এর past form আছে, তাই এর প্রথম অংশে subject + would + verb এর base form বসবে। 
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - I would help.
- সম্পূর্ণ বাক্য - I would help you if I could.