বিষয়সমূহ

PrepBank · বিষয়ভিত্তিক প্রশ্ন

Voice, Narration and Degree

মোট প্রশ্ন১,৩৫৬এই পাতা১০০প্রতি পাতা১০০
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

Voice, Narration and Degree

PrepBank · পাতা / ১৪ · ৮০১৯০০ / ১,৩৫৬

৮০১.
Open the book of NTRCA job solution. (Make it passive)
  1. Let the book of NTRCA job solution be openned.
  2. Let the book of NTRCA job solution be opened.
  3. Let the book of NTRCA job solution being opened.
  4. Let the book of NTRCA job solution been opened.
ব্যাখ্যা
Active Voice: Open the book of NTRCA job solution.
Passive Voice: Let the book of NTRCA job solution be opened.
→ প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি Imperative Sentence- এ রয়েছে।

• Imperative Sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে, 
• শুধুমাত্র মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম: 
→ প্রথমে Let বসে + 
→ Object টি Subject রূপে বসে + 
→ be বসে + 
→ Verb এর past participle বসে। 

More Example:
Active Voice: Lock the door.
Passive Voice: Let the door be locked.
৮০২.
Change the narration:
She said, "I had eaten my lunch."
  1. She said that she ate her lunch.
  2. She said that she had eaten her lunch.
  3. She said that she has eaten her lunch.
  4. She said that she had eat her lunch.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: খ) She said that she had eaten her lunch.

- She said, "I had eaten my lunch."
- মূল বাক্য past perfect tense এ আছে।
- Reported speech এ tense অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
- “had eaten” অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
- বাক্যটি সম্পন্ন কাজ বোঝায়।
- তাই সঠিক উত্তর হলো “She said that she had eaten her lunch.”

Other Options:
ক) She said that she ate her lunch.
- Past Indefinite হয়েছে, অথচ মূল বাক্য ছিল Past Perfect.

গ) She said that she has eaten her lunch.
- "has eaten" Present Perfect, যা এখানে ভুল।

ঘ) She said that she had eat her lunch.
- "had eat" ভুল -"had + past participle (eaten)" হওয়া উচিত।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৮০৩.
Choose the correct passive voice: They agreed to sign the contract.
  1. They agreed that the contract should be signed.
  2. They were agreed to sign the contract.
  3. The contract was agreed by them to sign.
  4. The contract is agreed to be signed by them.
ব্যাখ্যা
The correct answer is - ক) They agreed that the contract should be signed.

- Active: They agreed to sign the contract.
- Passive: They agreed that the contract should be signed.

• Agree/ be anxious/arrange/determine/ be determined/ decide/demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর subject ও verb বসে।
- that বসে।
- infinitive এর পরের Object (direct object) বসে।
- should be বসে।
- infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle বসে।

• More examples:
- Active: She decided to repair the car.
- Passive: She decided that the car should be repaired.

বাকি অপশনগুলোর ব্যাখ্যা:
খ) They were agreed to sign the contract.
- বাক্যটি ভুল, কারণ "agree" সাধারণত এমনভাবে passive হয় না। "They agreed" ঠিক আছে, কিন্তু "They were agreed" নয়।

গ) The contract was agreed by them to sign.
- ভুল গঠন।

ঘ) The contract is agreed to be signed by them.
- মূল বাক্যটি past tense-এ ছিল ("agreed"), এখানে present tense ("is agreed") ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে।

Source:
1. A Passage to the English Language by SM Zakir Hussain.
2. Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.
৮০৪.
Choose the following narration in the indirect form: 
He said, "I will meet you at the park tomorrow."
  1. He said that he will meet me at the park tomorrow.
  2. He said that he would meet me at the park the next day.
  3. He told that he is meeting me at the park tomorrow.
  4. He said that he would meet you at the park tomorrow.
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct: He said, "I will meet you at the park tomorrow."
খ) He said that he would meet me at the park the next day. 
সঠিক উত্তর।
• এই ধরনের বাক্যে narration পরিবর্তনের  নিয়ম। (tomorrow" পরিবর্তিত হয়ে "the next day" তে পরিনত হয়)।
• Sub+ said/told + that + reporting verb এর subject অনুসারে subjective form + would/could/might + বাকি অংশ।

Other Options:
ক) He said that he will meet me at the park tomorrow. (Incorrect: No tense/time change).
গ) He told that he is meeting me at the park tomorrow. (Incorrect: Incorrect tense).
ঘ) He said that he would meet you at the park tomorrow. (Incorrect: "you" not changed to "me").

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৮০৫.
Change the form of narration: The teacher said "Honesty is the best policy."
  1. ক) The teacher said that Honesty is the best policy.
  2. খ) The teacher said that Honesty was the best policy.
  3. গ) The teacher said that Honesty had been the best policy
  4. ঘ) The teacher said that Honesty should be the best policy.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Reported speech কোনো চিরন্তন সত্য বা অভ্যাসগত কর্ম বা ঐতিহাসিক সত্য বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য প্রকাশ করলে Indirect Narration এ Tense এর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে - The teacher said that Honesty is the best policy.
৮০৬.
The door has been locked. [active]
  1. Someone locked the door.
  2. Someone has locked the door.
  3. Someone has been locked the door.
  4. The door has locked.
ব্যাখ্যা
• বাক্যে ক্রিয়ার কর্তা দেয়া না থাকলে passive থেকে active করার সময় একটি সুবিধাজনক কর্তা যেমন-
someone, somebody, people, the authority ইত্যাদি ধরে নিতে হবে।
- Steal এর past participle form - stolen.
- Somebody এর সাথে has ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Passive Voice: My wallet has been stolen.
Active Voice: Someone has stolen my wallet.

Passive: The door has been locked.
Active: Someone has locked the door.
৮০৭.
I made him go there. (Make it passive)
  1. He was made to be gone there by me.
  2. He was made going there by me.
  3. He was made go there by me.
  4. He was made to go there by me.
ব্যাখ্যা

Active voice: I made him go there.
Passive Voice: He was made to go there by me.


• Make, See, Feel, Let, Know, heed, Bid, Dare, Watch ইত্যাদি Verb থাকলে Active Voice কে Passive Voice রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর Object টি Passive voice এর Subject হিসেবে বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর Past participle form বসে।
- Make, See, Feel, Let, Know, heed, Bid, Dare, Watch ইত্যাদি Verb থাকলে Active Voice এ to উহ্য থাকে।
- কিন্তু Passive করার সময় তাদের পর to বসে এবং ২য় verb টির Present form বসে।
- তবে, Let Verb টির পরে Active ও Passive Voice এ To বসে না।
- তারপর by + Object বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৮০৮.
What did you cook for dinner today? [change the voice]
  1. What is cooked by you for dinner today?
  2. What was cooked by you for dinner today?
  3. What has been cooked by you for dinner today
  4. What had been cooked by you for dinner today?
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: What was cooked by you for dinner today?
- What যুক্ত Interrogative sentence এর Active voice কে passive voice এ রূপান্তর করতে প্রথমে What বসাতে হয়।

• What যুক্ত interrogative sentence এর Active voice কে passive voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- What প্রথমে বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Subject টির objective form বসে এবং প্রশ্নবোধক (?) চিহ্ন বসে।

Other options:
ক) What is cooked by you for dinner today?
- What যুক্ত interrogative sentence এর Active voice কে passive voice এ পরিণত করার সময় Tense অনুসারে auxiliary verb বসে। যেহেতু active Voice টি Past tense এ র‍য়েছে তাই passive voice এ পরিণত করার সময় auxiliary verb ও past tense এর হবে।

গ) What has been cooked by you for dinner today?
- যেহেতু active Voice টি Past tense এ র‍য়েছে তাই passive voice এ পরিণত করার সময় auxiliary verb ও past tense এর হবে। তাই এখানে auxiliary verb হিসেবে has been এর ব্যবহার সঠিক নয়।

ঘ) What had been cooked by you for dinner today?
- যেহেতু active Voice টি Past Indefinite tense এ র‍য়েছে তাই passive voice এ পরিণত করার সময় auxiliary verb ও past Indefinite tense এর হবে। তাই এখানে auxiliary verb হিসেবে had been এর ব্যবহার সঠিক নয়।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.

৮০৯.
Where did you find him? (make it passive)
  1. Where was he found by you?
  2. Where is he found by you?
  3. Where was he being found by you?
  4. Where was he find by you?
ব্যাখ্যা
Where, When, How যুক্ত sentence কে Active voice থেকে Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Passive voice এ Where, When, How দিয়ে sentence শুরু হবে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- Active voice এর subject, passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে।
- by + Active voice এর subject passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।

Active voice:
Where did you find him?
Passive voice: Where was he found by you?

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৮১০.
'He said that he had done the work'. The direct speech is -
  1. He said, 'I will do the work.'
  2. He said, 'I will be done the work.'
  3. He said, 'He will do the work.'
  4. He said, 'He did the work'.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,

- Indirect speech এ that clause টি past perfect tense এ হওয়ায় direct speech এ তা reported speech এ পরিণত হবে এবং তা past indefinite tense এ হবে।

সুতরাং, সঠিক direct speech টি হবে - He said, 'He did the work.'
৮১১.
Choose the correct indirect speech of: "Why did she leave early?"
  1. He asked why did she leave early.
  2. He asked why had she left early.
  3. He asked why she had left early.
  4. He asked why was she leaving early.
ব্যাখ্যা
→ Answer: He asked why she had left early.

WH-Question-কে Indirect Speech-এ রূপান্তর করার সময়:
- Reporting Verb হিসেবে asked ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
- Tense পরিবর্তন করতে হবে (Past Indefinite → Past Perfect)।
- Inversion (Auxiliary Verb + Subject) সরিয়ে Subject + Verb এর সঠিক ক্রম বজায় রাখতে হবে।
- WH-word (যেমন: how, what, where ইত্যাদি) ঠিক রাখতে হবে।

→ Direct Speech-এ প্রশ্নের Structure ছিল: Wh-word + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb + Object? 
→ Indirect Speech-এ প্রশ্নের Structure হয়: Reporting Verb + Wh-word + Subject + Verb (Tense অনুযায়ী) + Object.

- এই নিয়ম অনুসরণ করে সঠিক উত্তরটি হলো: He asked why she had left early.

Examples:
Direct speech: "Where do you live?"
Indirect Speech: She asked where I lived.
৮১২.
Runa exclaimed that she was a great fool. (Direct)
  1. Runa said, "I am a great fool!"
  2. Runa said, "How a fool am I!"
  3. Runa said, "What a fool am I!"
  4. Runa said, " What a fool I am!"
ব্যাখ্যা
• Indirect to direct:

• প্রথমে Subject বসে
- exclaimed এর পরিবর্তে said বসে
- এরপর inverted comma 
- Indirect এর reported speech এ great থাকলে direct এ What দ্বারা exclamatory sentence টি শুরু হয়।
- What + a/an + noun + subject বসে person অনুযায়ী + verb এর present form বসে + exclamatory sigh (!)বসে + inverted comma বসে।

Indirect: Runa exclaimed that she was a great fool.
Direct: Runa said, " What a fool I am!"
৮১৩.
Zabir said ''I must write a letter.''- Change the narration:
  1. Zabir said that he might write a letter.
  2. Zabir said that he had to write a letter.
  3. Zabir told that he should write a letter.
  4. Zabir told that he must write a letter.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Direct speech এ must থাকলে Indirect speech এ had to হয়।
- ‘said’ verb এর পর ‘that’ বসে।
- তাই সঠিক উত্তর অপশন (খ)।
৮১৪.
He said to me, "Can you give me some water now?"
  1. He asked me if I could give him some water now.
  2. He asked me whether if I could give him some water then.
  3. He asked me whether I could give him some water then.
  4. He asked me if I could give him some water.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Narration:
Interrogative sentence যুক্ত direct speech কে indirect speech করার ক্ষেত্রে:
Structure: Subject + ask + object + if/whether + reported speech এর subject + tense অনুসারে verb + extension.
-  can থাকলে could হবে এবং Subject এর পরে বসবে।
- now থাকলে then হবে।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - He asked me whether I could give him some water then.
৮১৫.
Which one is the correct sentence?
  1. ক) Dhaka is the biggest city in the Bangladesh.
  2. খ) The Dhaka is the biggest city in the Bangladesh.
  3. গ) Dhaka is the biggest city in Bangladesh.
  4. ঘ) Dhaka is biggest city in Bangladesh.
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রদত্ত বাক্যগুলোর মধ্যে সঠিক বাক্য হলো - Dhaka is the biggest city in Bangladesh.
- কারণ ১ম ও ২য় অপশনে যথাক্রমে Bangladesh ও Dhaka হলো proper noun, তাই তাদের পূর্বে article  বসবে না।
- তাই বাক্য দুটি ভুল।
• অপরদিকে ৪র্থ অপশনে superlative degree পূর্বে the বসে। কিন্তু the না থাকায় তাই এটিও একটি ভুল বাক্য।
• সুতরাং সঠিক উত্তর হলো Dhaka is the biggest city in Bangladesh.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar and Composition (For Class 9-10).
৮১৬.
The teacher said to the students, “Work hard.” (make it indirect) 
  1. The teacher said the student to work hard.
  2. The teacher advised the students to work hard.
  3. The teacher told that the students work hard.
  4. The teacher requested that the student worked hard.
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct Speech: The teacher said to the students, “Work hard.”
Indirect Speech: The teacher advised the students to work hard.

• Imperative sentence এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম:
- Subject + request/ order/ advice/ beg/ forbid বসে।
- Object বসে।
- to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসবে।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী person পরিবর্তিত হবে।
- Reported verb টি অনুরোধ বুঝালে request, আদেশ বুঝালে order/ command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, অন্যথায় tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হবে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৮১৭.
They searched his house and found a number of stolen articles. (make it passive)
  1. His house were searched and a number of stolen was found by them.
  2. They were searched his house and a number of stolen were found.
  3. His house was searched and a number of stolen articles were found by them.
  4. A number of stolen articles were found by them in his house.
  5. None of the above.
ব্যাখ্যা
ComplexCompound sentence এ উভয়ই Clause এর Voice change করার যোগ্য হলে উভয় Clause এর Voice change করতে হবে:
- Assertive sentence হলে Active voice এর Object টি Passive voice এ Subject হিসেবে বসে। 
- Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসবে।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসবে।
- And এরপরের Clause টি Passive voice করা গেলে সেটিকেও Passive voice করতে হবে।
- Object টি Subject হিসেবে বসে।
- Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে।
- by বসে।
- প্রথম Clause এর Subject টির Object হিসেবে বসে।

Active Voice: They searched his house and found a number of stolen articles.
Passive Voice: His house was searched and a number of stolen articles were found by them.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৮১৮.
Identify the correct sentence.
  1. The manager forbade the employees not using their phones in meetings.
  2. The manager forbade the employees do not to use their phones in meetings.
  3. The manager forbade the employees not to use their phones in meetings.
  4. The manager forbade the employees to use their phones in meetings.
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লিখিত বাক্যগুলোর মধ্যে একমাত্র সঠিক বাক্যটি হচ্ছে - The manager forbade the employees to use their phones in meetings.
- বাংলা অর্থ - ম্যানোজার কর্মচারীদের মিটিং-এ তাদের ফোন ব্যবহার করতে নিষেধ করেছিলেন।

• বাক্যটি indirect sentence এর উদাহরণ, আর indiret sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে don't এর বদল not এর ব্যবহার সঠিক।
- indirect speech এ advised এবং ordered ব্যবহৃত হলে not to ব্যবহৃত হবে কিন্তু forbade নিজেই না বোধক হওয়ায় এর পর not বসবে না শুধু to + verb বসবে।

• অন্য অপশনগুলতে -
ক) forbade আছে তাই not using এর ব্যবহার ভুল। 
খ) অপশনেও forbade আছে তাই do not to use এর ব্যবহার ভুল। 
গ) অপশনেও forbade আছে তাই not to use এর ব্যবহার ভুল।
৮১৯.
Make it passive: The villagers believed that he was an honest leader. 
  1. He was believed to be an honest leader.
  2. He was believed to have been an honest leader.
  3. He has been believed to be an honest leader.
  4. He was believed he was an honest leader.
ব্যাখ্যা

[50th BCS Preli]

Active: The villagers believed that he was an honest leader.
Passive: He was believed to be an honest leader.

- এই ধরনের complex বাক্যে যেখানে that-clause আছে, সেখানে passive form তৈরির দুটি উপায় আছে। যথা-

- প্রথম উপায় (Personal passive):
- সাধারণত Acknowledge, assume, think, claim, believe, know, report, understand, ইত্যাদি verb যুক্ত Active voice এর Passive করার নিয়ম-
- Personal object টিকে subject ধরা হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- মূল verb -এর past participle + to be + direct object + by + subject -এর objective form.
- যেমন:
- Active: People thought that the autocrat was corrupt.
- Passive: The autocrat was thought to be corrupt.

- দ্বিতীয় উপায় (Impersonal passive):
- দ্বিতীয় অংশকে 'It' ধরে। যেমন:
- Active: The villagers believed that he was an honest leader.
- Passive: It was believed that he was an honest leader.

- Subject হিসেবে People/villagers ইত্যাদি থাকলে Passive voice -এ সাধারণত তা লেখা হয় না।
- তবে, দ্বিতীয় অংশে transitive verb থাকলে দ্বিতীয় অংশেরও Passive করতে হয়।

৮২০.
Which of the following has no degree of comparison? 
  1. ক) Thin
  2. খ) Some
  3. গ) More
  4. ঘ) Fine
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ In English language, a degree of comparison is a form of adjective that is used to compare a person or thing, possessing the same quality with another.
- It is related to the adjective or adverb in a sentence.

-কিছু adjective of quantity এর Degree of Comparison আছে। যেমন- much, high, fine, thin ইত্যাদি
-কিছু adjective of quantity এর Degree of Comparison নেই। যেমন- no, none, some, enough, sufficient ইত্যাদি
৮২১.
Aneeka exclaimed that she was a great fool' বাক্যটির direct speech হবে-
  1. Aneeka said, 'I am a great fool!'
  2. Aneeka said, 'What a fool I am!'
  3. Aneeka told, 'What I am a fool!'
  4. Aneeka said, 'What am I fool!'
ব্যাখ্যা
→ Indirect এর reported speech এ great থাকলে direct এ What দ্বারা exclamatory sentence টি শুরু হয়।

Structure: Subject + exclaimed এর পরিবর্তে said বসে + inverted comma + What + a/an + noun + subject বসে person অনুযায়ী + verb এর present form বসে।

Direct Speech: Aneeka said, 'What a fool I am!'
Indirect Speech: Aneeka exclaimed that she was a great fool'

Source: Applied English Grammar and Composition by P C Das.
৮২২.
The mother said, “Finish your homework.”
Change the narration:
  1. The mother said to finish your homework.
  2. The mother asked finish your homework.
  3. The mother told him to finish his homework.
  4. The mother told to finished his homework.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: The mother told him to finish his homework.

- The mother said, “Finish your homework.”
- মূল বাক্যটি  আদেশ বা অনুরোধ নির্দেশ করে।
- যা imperative sentence.
- imperative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে -
- Reported speech এ “tell/told + object + to + verb” form ব্যবহার হয়।
- “your homework” পরিবর্তিত হয়ে “his homework” হয় কারণ subject পরিবর্তিত হয়েছে।
- “Said” এর পরিবর্তে “told” ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে কারণ সরাসরি নির্দেশনা।

- Direct Speech: The mother said, “Finish your homework.”
- Indirect Speech: “The mother told him to finish his homework.”

Other Options:
(ক) The mother said to finish your homework. → “said” এর পরে “to” ব্যবহার হয় না।

(খ) The mother asked finish your homework.→ “to” অনুপস্থিত, গঠন ভুল।

(ঘ) The mother told to finished his homework.→ “finished” এর পরিবর্তে “to finish” হওয়া উচিত।

৮২৩.
We elected him secretary. (Passive)
  1. He was elected by us as a secretary.
  2. He was elected secretary by us.
  3. Secretary was elected he by us.
  4. He was made the secretary by us.
ব্যাখ্যা
The correct answer is - খ) He was elected secretary by us.

• Active থেকে Passive করার ক্ষেত্রে,
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- প্রদত্ত মুল verb এর past participle বসে।
- by বসে।
- active voice এর subject টি object হিসেবে বসে।

- Transitive verb-এর complement active ও passive উভয় voice-এ complement রূপে থেকে যায়; subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে না। যেমন:
- Active: We elected him secretary
- Passive : He was elected secretary by us.

Source: A Passage To The English Language. S. M. Zakir Hussain.
৮২৪.
She will open the door. (passive)
  1. The door is opened by her.
  2. The door will be opened by her.
  3. The door was opened by her.
  4. The door has been opened by her.
ব্যাখ্যা
The correct answer is - খ) The door will be opened by her.

• Tense: Future Indefinite (will + base verb).
- Passive Voice Structure (Future Indefinite এর জন্য):
- Object + will be + past participle (V3) + by + subject.
- Active Sentence: She will open the door.
- Passive sentence: The door will be opened by her.

Other options:
ক) The door is opened by her. - Present Simple (Passive).
খ) The door was opened by her. - Past Simple (Passive).
ঘ) The door has been opened by her. -  Present Perfect (Passive).
- প্রশ্নে ভবিষ্যৎ কালের কথা উল্লেখ আছে, এখানে অন্যান্য অপশনে Present, Past form এ দেওয়া আছে।
- তাই বাকি অপশনগুলো সঠিক নয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৮২৫.
Choose the correct indirect speech:
Mother said to me, “May you succeed in life.”
  1. Mother said that you might succeed in life.
  2. Mother wished that I might succeed in life.
  3. Mother told me that I may succeed in life.
  4. Mother suggested that I might succeed in life.
ব্যাখ্যা
সঠিক উত্তর: Mother wished that I might succeed in life.

• মূল বাক্য বিশ্লেষণ: Direct Speech: Mother said to me, “May you succeed in life.”
এখানে "May" দ্বারা Optative Sentence (আশীর্বাদমূলক বাক্য) দেওয়া হয়েছে।
যখন May দিয়ে শুভকামনা (Blessing) বা প্রার্থনা (Prayer) বোঝানো হয়, তখন wished/prayed ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
May → Might তে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
"said to" → "wished" হয়ে যায়।

উল্লিখিত বাক্যে "you" পরিবর্তিত হয়ে "I" হবে, কারণ Reporting Speech-এ "me" আছে।

"May" পরিবর্তিত হয়ে "might" হবে।
Indirect Speech রূপান্তর করলে হয়: Mother wished that I might succeed in life.

বাকি অপশনগুলো ভুল:
ক) Mother said that you might succeed in life.. → এখানে শুভকামনার ভাব প্রকাশ হয়নি, তাই "wished" লাগবে এবং you হবে না।
গ) Mother told me that I may succeed in life. → "told" ব্যবহার করা যায় না কারণ এটি সাধারণ বক্তব্যের জন্য হয়, শুভকামনার জন্য নয় এবং may হবে না।
ঘ) Mother suggested that I might succeed in life. → "suggested" সাধারণত পরামর্শ (advice) বোঝায়, কিন্তু এখানে পরামর্শ নয়, শুভকামনা বোঝানো হয়েছে।
৮২৬.
Will the teacher be guiding the students? (passive)
  1. Will the students be being guided by the teacher?
  2. Will the students guided by the teacher?
  3. Will the students being guided by the teacher?
  4. Will be being guided the students by the teacher?
ব্যাখ্যা
The correct answer is - ক) Will the students be being guided by the teacher? 

• Interrogative এর ক্ষেত্রে :
Active: Shall/will + S + be + V(ing) + O?
যেমন: Will the teacher be guiding the students?
Passive: Shall/will + S + be being + V (p.p.) + by + O?
যেমন: Will the students be being guided by the teacher? 

Example:
Active: Will Rubel be teaching his brother?
Passive: Will his brother be being taught by Rubel?

Other options:
খ) Will the students guided by the teacher?
- ভুল গঠন।

গ) Will the students being guided by the teacher?
- ভুল গঠন।

ঘ) Will be being guided the students by the teacher?
- বাক্যটি অপ্রাসঙ্গিক।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৮২৭.
My mother said to me, "Why did you not go to school Yesterday? (Make it indirect)
  1. My mother asked me why I had not gone to school the previous day.
  2. My mother told me why I had not gone to school the previous day.
  3. My mother asked me why I have not gone to school the previous day.
  4. My mother asked me why had I not gone to school the previous day.
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct speech: My mother said to me, "Why did you not go to school Yesterday? 
Indirect speech:  My mother asked me why I had not gone to school the previous day.


• Interrogative sentence (Direct speech) কে (Indirect speech)- এ রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম:
-  Interrogative sentence-এর speech পরিবর্তন করার ক্ষেত্রে:
- প্রথমে Reporting verb-এর subject বসে এবং Reporting verb "said" -এর পরিবর্তে asked বসবে।
- তারপর Reported speech টি যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে Inverted comma তুলে দিয়ে linker হিসেবে if/whether বসবে।
- তবে, Reported speech টি যদি "Wh" word দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে। অর্থাৎ, সেই "Wh" question word টিই conjunction হিসেবে বসবে।
- তারপর Reported speech-এর Object বসবে।
- Direct speech টি past Indefinite tense এ থাকলে Indirect speech এ, তা past perfect tense এ পরিণত হবে।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী Tense পরিবর্তিত হবে এবং Verb, Subject এর পরে বসে।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসবে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৮২৮.
Rima said, "Kamal must have his car repaired." (change the narration)
  1. Rima said that Kamal must had his car repaired.
  2. Rima said that Kamal had to have his car repaired.
  3. Rima said that Kamal would have to his car repaired.
  4. Rima said that Kamal was having his car repaired.
ব্যাখ্যা
The correct answer is - খ) Rima said that Kamal had to have his car repaired. 

• Direct narration থেকে Indirect narration এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম হলো-
- প্রথমে Reporting verb-এর Subject বসে এবং তারপর Reporting verb (say/said, tell/told) বসে (যদি থাকে)।
- তারপর যদি বাক্যটি assertive sentence হয়, তাহলে Inverted comma (" ") উঠিয়ে দিয়ে conjunction হিসেবে that বসানো হয়।
- এরপর Reported speech-এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
- Reporting verb-এর Subject বা Object-এর number (একবচন বা বহুবচন), person (first, second, third) এবং gender (male/female) অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়।

- Reported speech-এ must থাকলে এবং reporting verb past tense-এর হলেও indirect speech-এ must এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- আবার চিরকালীন বাধ্যতা না বোঝালে must-এর বদলে had to ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে। Examples:

• Example: 
Dir: Kalim said, "I must go there."
Ind: Kalim said that he had to go there.

Dir: Rima said, "Kamal must have his car repaired."
Ind: Rima said that Kamal had to have his car repaired.

Dir: The teacher said, "Students must obey their teachers."
Ind: The teacher said that students must obey their teachers.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৮২৯.
He said that he ____ the previous day.
  1. has come
  2. had come
  3. came
  4. arrived
ব্যাখ্যা

• বাক্যটাকে Direct Narration এ চিন্তা করলে এ রকম হয় He said, “I came yesterday”.
- Direct Speech এর Simple Past Tense, Indirect Speech এ Past Perfect Tense এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Direct Narration - এ yesterday থাকলে Indirect Narration - এ the previous day হয়।
- প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি Direct Narration-এ Past Indefinite Tense-এ ছিলো, তাই Indirect Narration-এ Past Perfect Tense হবে।

• তাই শূন্যস্থানে had come বসবে।
- Complete sentence: He said that he had come the previous day.

• Direct Speech/ Reporting speech Vs Indirect speech / Reported  speech

- Present indefinite ↔ Past indefinite 
- Present continuous ↔ Past continuous 
- Present Perfect ↔ Past perfect 
- Past indefinite ↔ Past Perfect 
- Past continuous ↔ Past perfect continuous
- Past perfect ↔ Past Perfect 
- Future Indefinite ↔ Use of modal 

৮৩০.
Change the voice: Buy him a car.
  1. Let a car been bought for him.
  2. Let a car be bought by him.
  3. Let a car be bought for him.
  4. Let a car being bought to him.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Imperative Sentence- এ Active Voice কে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম:
- passive voice- এ প্রথমে Let দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হবে।
- active voice- এর object = a car, passive voice- এ Let- এর পর বসবে।
- অতিরিক্ত একটি be verb হিসেবে be বসবে।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle 'bought' বসবে।
- 'bought'- এর পর Preposition হিসেবে for বসবে।
- 'for' এর পর active voice- এর ব্যক্তিবাচক object = him, passive voice- এ অপরিবর্তিত অবস্থায় বসবে ।

Active Voice: Buy him a car.
Passive Voice: Let a car be bought for him.
৮৩১.
Which sentence is the incorrect one?
  1. ক) Time and tide wait for none.
  2. খ) The horse and carriage are waiting for you.
  3. গ) Bread and butter is my favorite food.
  4. ঘ) Slow and steady wins the race.
ব্যাখ্যা
একই সাথে সম্পাদিত বা একই সাথে চলে এ রকম দুটি Noun - and দিয়ে যুক্ত হলে সেটা Singular হয়।
Time and tide একই ধরনের ধারণা এখানে দিলেও এগুলো একসাথে চলে না, তাই এগুলো Plural, এবং verb ও plural হবে।
The horse and carriage – singular কিন্ত verb- plural দেয়া আছে। তাই অশুদ্ধ বাক্য এটিই।
৮৩২.
Our task had been submitted before sunset. (Active)
  1. We had submited our task before sunset.
  2. We have submitted our task before sunset.
  3. We submitted our task before sunset.
  4. We had submitted our task before sunset.
ব্যাখ্যা
Passive Voice: Our task had been submitted before sunset.
Active Voice: We had submitted our task before sunset.  (অপশন 'ঘ')

• Past perfect tencse যুক্ত Passive Voice কে Active Voice করার নিয়ম - 
→ প্রদও বাক্যটি paasive form- এ রয়েছে। 
→ এখানে, object = us ঊহ্য রয়েছে। 
→ সম্পূর্ণ sentence টি হচ্ছে - Our task had been submitted before sunset by us.

→ active voice- এ রূপান্তর করার সময় প্রথমে 'by' এর পরে object = us, active voice- এ subject = We রূপে বসবে।
→ by উঠে যাবে।
→ passive voice- এ auxiliary verb = had been, active voice- এ subject = We- এর পর 'had' হিসেবে বসবে। 
→ 'had' এর পর principal verb = submit এর past participle form = submitted বসবে।
→ passive voice এর subject = Our task, active voice- এ object হিসেবে বসবে।
→ before sunset = extension হিসেবে active voice- এ বসবে।
৮৩৩.
A rich man may be helped even by a poor farmer. [Change the voice]
  1. A poor farmer may be even helped a rich man.
  2. Even a poor farmer may help a rich man.
  3. Even a poor farmer might be help a rich man.
  4. A poor farmer might be even helped a rich man.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Passive কে Active করতে হলে,
- Passive voice এর object‌ টি  Active Voice এর subject হয় - 
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb -
- Passive এর be Verb এর Form অনুযায়ী মূল Verb বসবে।
- Passive voice এর subject টি Active voice এর  Object হয়ে Verb এর পরে বসবে।
- তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) উঠে যাবে।
- অতিরিক্ত be verb (এখানে be) বাদ যাবে।

• নিয়মানুসারে - 
Passive Voice: A rich man may be helped even by a poor farmer.
Active Voice: Even a poor farmer may help a rich man.

• Even যেহেতু a poor farmer এর সাথে সম্পর্কিত, তাই এটা a poor farmer এর আগে বসবে।
৮৩৪.
Jamil said to me, “If you come now, I can solve your problem”. (Make it Indirect)
  1. ক) Jamil told me if you came now, he could solve your problem.
  2. খ) Jamil told me if you went then, he could solve your problem.
  3. গ) Jamil told me that I came now, he could solve my problem.
  4. ঘ) Jamil told me if I went then, he could solve my problem.
ব্যাখ্যা
Reported Speech – Assertive Sentence হলে এবং Reporting Verb এর Object থাকেলে সাধারণত said = told হয়। 
বক্তা ও শ্রোতা অনুযায়ী Reported Speech এর Subject ও Object পরিবর্তিত হবে। (you = I, I = he)
Reporting Verb (said) – Past Tense এ হলে Reported Speech এ –
1.    Tense পরিবর্তিত হয়ে সব ধরনের Present Tense অনুরূপ Past Tense এ পরিণত হয়। Modal Auxiliary গুলো Past Form এ ব্যবহৃত হয়। 
2.    নিকটবর্তী নির্দেশনাসূচক শব্দ দূরবর্তী নির্দেশনাসূচক শব্দে পরিণত হয়। (come = go, now = then)
৮৩৫.
My wallet has been stolen. (Make it active)
  1. Someone stolen my wallet.
  2. Someone has stolen my wallet.
  3. Someone have stolen my wallet.
  4. Someone has been stolen my wallet.
ব্যাখ্যা

• বাক্যে ক্রিয়ার কর্তা দেয়া না থাকলে passive থেকে active করার সময় একটি সুবিধাজনক কর্তা যেমন-
someone, somebody, people, the authority ইত্যাদি ধরে নিতে হবে।
- Steal এর past participle form - stolen.
- Somebody এর সাথে has ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Passive Voice: My wallet has been stolen.
Active Voice: Someone has stolen my wallet.

৮৩৬.
Let me open the window. (make it passive)
  1. Let the window be opened by me.
  2. Let the window being opened by me.
  3. The window is opened by me.
  4. Let the window been opened by me.
ব্যাখ্যা
Imparetive sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Let দিয়ে Passive voice এর বাক্যটি শুরু হবে।
- Active voice এর object টি Passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- be বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে। 
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।

- Active Voice: Let me open the window.
- Passive Voice: Let the window be opened by me.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৮৩৭.
The boy said to his friend, “Are you going to the market?” (Make it Indirect)
  1. The boy told his friend if he was going to the market.
  2. The boy asked his friend if he was going to the market.
  3. The boy said his friend that he was going to the market.
  4. The boy told to his friend if he was going to the market.
ব্যাখ্যা
সঠিক উত্তর: খ) The boy asked his friend if he was going to the market.

প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্যকে Indirect Speech-এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়মাবলী:
• Reporting Verb এর পরিবর্তন:
- প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্যের ক্ষেত্রে "said to" → "asked"
• Tense পরিবর্তন:
- "are you going" → "was going"
• অন্যান্য পরিবর্তন:
- প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন (?) বাদ যায় - "if" যোগ হয় (Yes/No প্রশ্নের ক্ষেত্রে)
- "you" → "he" (second person → third person)

অর্থাৎ Narration এর নিয়ম অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তরটি হলো: The boy asked his friend if he was going to the market.

অন্য অপশনগুলি ভুল কেন:
- ক) "told" ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, যা প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্যের ক্ষেত্রে উপযুক্ত নয়।
- গ) "said" ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে এবং বাক্যের গঠন ভুল।
- ঘ) "told to" ভুল গঠন, "asked" হওয়া উচিত।
৮৩৮.
My friend said to me, "May you pass the pen to her." (Change the narration)
  1. My friend prayed me I may pass the pen to her.
  2. My friend hoped that I may pass the pen to her.
  3. My friend wished that I might pass the pen to her.
  4. My friend wished me I might pass the pen to her.
ব্যাখ্যা
সঠিক উত্তর: গ) My friend wished that I might pass the pen to her.

প্রদত্ত Direct speech:
My friend said to me, "May you pass the pen to her."

Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর এর ক্ষেত্রে নিম্নের নিয়ম অনুসরণ করবে,
• Subject + wished + that + new subject + might + verb + object.
- My friend wished that I might pass the pen to her.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৮৩৯.
Faria said, “She reached at eight O’clock.” (Change the narration)
  1. Faria said that she will reach at eight O’clock.
  2. Faria said that she has reached at eight O’clock.
  3. Faria said that she had reached at eight O’clock.
  4. Faria said that she reached at eight O’clock.
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রদত্ত sentence টি direct narration - এ আছে;
- এর indirect narration হবে “Faria said that she had reached at eight O’clock.”

• Narration - change করার ক্ষেত্রে,

- Direct narration থেকে  Indirect narration - এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম হলো - 
- প্রথমে Reporting verb - এর subject বসে এবং তারপর Reporting verb - say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- তারপর assertive sentence - এর ক্ষেত্রে Inverted comma উঠে conjuction হিসেবে that বসে।
- তারপর Reported speech - এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয়,
- Reported speech - এর person - Reporting verb - এর subject, object - এর number, person, ও gender অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়।
- তবে, Reported speech - এ third person থাকলে তা পরিবর্তন হয় না।
-তারপর Direct narration - এ Reported speech যদি simple past - এ থাকে তাহলে  Indirect narration - এ past perfect tense - এ পরিবর্তিত হয় এবং তারপর বাকি অংশ বসে।

• প্রদত্ত sentence - এ Reported speech - এর subject টি third person (she) - এ আছে তাই এর কোনো পরিবর্তন হবে না।

Direct narration:  Faria said, “She reached at eight O’clock.
Indirect narration: Faria said that she had reached at eight O’clock.

Source: A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
৮৪০.
Do not beat the dog (make it passive)
  1. Let the dog being beaten.
  2. Let not the dog beaten.
  3. Let be not the dog beaten.
  4. Let not the dog be beaten.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: Let not the dog be beaten.
- Verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Imperative sentence এর Active voice থেকে passive এ রূপান্তরিত করার সময় প্রথমে Let not বসাতে হয়।

• Imperative sentence এর Voice change এর নিয়ম:
- Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে শুধু মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Imperative sentence এর Active voice থেকে passive এ রূপান্তরিত করতে
- প্রথমে Let not বসবে।
- Active voice এর object টির subject রূপে বসবে।
- তারপর be বসবে।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসবে।
- Structure: Let not + object টির subject হয়+ be + মূল verb এর past participle.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৮৪১.
"May you be happy,” he said. (Change into indirect speech)
  1. He said that I might be happy.
  2. He wished that might I be happy.
  3. He said that might I be happy.
  4. He wished that I might be happy.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: He wished that I might be happy.
- Optative Sentence এর Direct form কে Indirect form এ রূপান্তর করার "said" এর পরিবর্তে wished/prayed বসে।

• Optative Sentence এর Direct form কে Indirect form এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- said এর পরিবর্তে wished / prayed বসবে।
- inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসবে।
- reported speech এর subject বসে + may/ might বসে।
- reported verb এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত অংশ বসে।
 
Other options:
ক) He said that I might be happy.
- ভুল, Optative Sentence এর Direct form কে Indirect form এ রূপান্তর করার সময় "said" এর পরিবর্তে wished/prayed বসে।

খ) He wished that might I be happy.
- ভুল, Optative Sentence এর Direct form কে Indirect form এ রূপান্তর করার সময় reported speech এর subject বসে + may/ might বসে।

গ) He said that might I be happy.
- ভুল, Optative Sentence এর Direct form কে Indirect form এ রূপান্তর করার সময় "said" এর পরিবর্তে wished/prayed বসে। তারপর reported speech এর subject বসে + may/ might বসে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৮৪২.
Change it into indirect: Santham said, "Alas! I am so done for."
  1. Santham exclaimed with sorrow that he was so done for.
  2. Santham said with sorrow that he is so done for.
  3. Santham exclaimed that he is so done for.
  4. Santham said that he is so done for.
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Narration এ,

• Exclamatory sentence এ,
- Direct speech দ্বারা আনন্দ বুঝালে Reporting verb পরিবর্তিত হয়ে exclaimed/exclaimed with joy আর দুঃখ বুঝালে exclaimed/exclaimed with sorrow/ grief হয়।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসবে।
- reported speech এর Subject বসে
- Reporting verb অনুযায়ী reported speech এর verb বসবে।
- very/great বসবে।
- adjective
- বাকী অংশ (যদি থাকে) 

Correct sentence: Santham exclaimed with sorrow that he was so done for.

Source:  Advanced Learner’s by Chowdhury & Hossain
৮৪৩.
Rifat said to Mushfiq, ‘‘Let us run a race.’’ (Direct to Indirect)
  1. Rifat proposed to Mushfiq that they should be run a race..
  2. Rifat proposed to Mushfiq that they should run a race.
  3. Rifat proposed to Mushfiq that they had run a race.
  4. Rifat proposed to Mushfiq that they had been run a race.
ব্যাখ্যা
Reported Speech-টি যদি let us দিয়ে শুরু হয় তাহলে তা কোন প্রস্তাব বুঝায়।
এরকম ক্ষেত্রে indirect speech-এ say-এর বদলে propose/suggest that এবং say to-এর বদলে propose/suggest to বসে।
Reported speech-কে that দ্বারা যুক্ত করা হয়। এবং Reported speech-এর verb-এর আগে Subject +should বসানো হয়।
এরপর বাকি অংশ বসে।
৮৪৪.
The given sentence is in active/passive voice. Change the voice of the sentence. Select the correct option from the sentence.
A letter was sent to the manager.
  1. Someone sent a letter to the manager.
  2. Someone was sent a letter to the manager.
  3. A manager was being sent to a letter by someone.
  4. The manager was being sent to a letter
  5. None of these
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত Voice টি Passive Voice এ আছে।

• বাক্যে ক্রিয়ার কর্তা উহ্য থাকলে Passive Voice থেকে Active Voice করার সময় একটি কর্তা যেমন:  Someone, Somebody, People, The authority ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
- Send এর past এবং past participle form হলো - Sent.
- উল্লিখিত sentence টিতে was sent আছে, তাহলে আমাদের বুঝতে হবে sentence টিতে Passive voice টি Past Indefinite Tense এ রয়েছে।
- তাহলে Active Voice এ Someone/ Somebody এরপর সরাসরি verb এর Past form বসে। 

Active Voice: Someone sent a letter to the manager.
Passive Voice: A letter was sent to the manager.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৮৪৫.
Change into indirect speech: "Are you alone, my son?" asked a soft voice close behind me.
  1. What I was doing these alone was asked by a soft voice.
  2. Addressing me as his son a soft voice asked if I was alone. 
  3. A soft voice told me as his son and asked me if I was alone.
  4. A soft voice from my behind asked me if I was alone.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Interrogative sentence এ direct speech এ কাউকে সম্বোধন করা হলে নীচের নিয়মের সাহায্যে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করতে হয়:

- Addressing বসবে,
- Reporting verb এর object (যদি থাকে),
- as বসে,
- যাকে/যাদেরকে সম্বোধন করা হয়েছে সে শব্দটি বসবে,
- Reporting verb এর subject বসবে,
- Reporting verb বসবে,
- if/whether বসবে (Yes/No question এর জন্য),
- Reported speech statement form-এ বসবে।

Structure: Addressing + Reporting verb এর object (যদি থাকে) + as + যাকে/যাদেরকে সম্বোধন করা হয়েছে সে শব্দটি + Reporting verb এর subject + Reporting verb + if/whether + statement.

Direct: "Are you alone, my son?" asked a soft voice close behind me.
Indirect: Addressing me as his son, a soft voice asked if I was alone.

৮৪৬.
The boys were playing football. (make it passive)
  1. Football were being played by the boys.
  2. Football were being played to the boys.
  3. Football was being played by the boys.
  4. Football was being played for the boys.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Past continuous tense এর ক্ষেত্রে Active voice থেকে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি Passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- Subject অনুযায়ী was being/ were being বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।

Structure: Object এর subject + Subject অনুযায়ী was being/ were being + মূল verb এর past participle form + by + Subject এর object.

• Active voice: The boys were playing football.
• Passive voice: Football was being played by the boys.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৮৪৭.
He said to me, "Will you help me tomorrow?"
The correct indirect speech is:
  1. He asked me if I will help him the next day.
  2. He asked me if I would help him tomorrow.
  3. He asked me if I would help him the next day.
  4. He told me to help him the next day.
ব্যাখ্যা
সঠিক উত্তর: গ) He asked me if I would help him the next day.
প্রথমে Reporting Verb Change করতে হবে, এক্ষেত্রে, 
Direct: "Will you help...?" Interjection sentence: হওয়ায় Indirect এ asked + if/whether হবে,
পরবর্তীতে  Tense Change :Will কে  Would এ রূপান্তর করতে হবে,
"tomorrow" পরিবর্তিত হয়ে  the next day হবে।
এবং Pronoun Change, "me" পরিবর্তিত হয়ে him হবে। 

অন্যদিকে, 
ক) "will"- Tense পরিবর্তন হয়ে "would" হবে।
খ) "tomorrow" - সময় বদলায়নি "the next day" হবে।
ঘ) "told me to help" - অর্থ পরিবর্তন করে (request থেকে order)।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৮৪৮.
The salesman said, "Thank you, Sir". The correct form of indirect speech is___
  1. The salesman thanked his customer.
  2. The salesman respectfully thanked the person spoken to.
  3. The salesman said that thank you sir.
  4. The salesman addressed the customer 'sir' and thanked him.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct Narration এ Thanks/Thank you/ Congratulations/ welcome থাকলে indirect narration এ said এর পরিবর্তে Thanked/ Congratulated/ Welcome বসে।
- Reporting verb এর tense অনুযায়ী reported speech এর verb অনুরূপ tense বসে।
- Sir উল্লেখ আছে বিধায় respectfully বসবে।
- আর কাউকে উদ্দেশ্য করে বলা হয়েছে এই অর্থে to the person spoken to হবে।
- Structure: - Reporting verb এর subject + respectfully+ object + thanked।

Direct: The salesman said, "Thank you, Sir".
Indirect: The salesman respectfully thanked the person spoken to.

৮৪৯.
Passive form of the sentence- "His performance surprised me."
  1. I was surprised by his performance.
  2. I had been surprised with his performance.
  3. I was surprised for his performance.
  4. I was surprised at his performance.
ব্যাখ্যা

• প্রশ্ন প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি past indefinite tense এ আছে।
- Past indefinite যুক্ত বাক্যকে passive করার নিয়ম - 
- Active এর object প্রথমে
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb
- মূল verb এর past participle form
- by
- Active এর subject + extension.

• সাধারণত Passive voice এর verb এর past participle এর পর by বসলেও  active voice এ surprise verb হিসাবে থাকলে এবং verb টির পর বস্তু বুঝালে at বসে; ব্যক্তি বুঝালে with বসে।

Active:  His performance surprised me.
Passive: I was surprised at his performance.

৮৫০.
“What do you want?” She asked him. - Change the speech.
  1. ক) She asked him what he want.
  2. খ) She told him what he wanted.
  3. গ) She asked him what he wanted.
  4. ঘ) She asked him that he wants.
ব্যাখ্যা

Structure : Sub + ask + object (যদি থাকে) + Interrogative Pronoun/
Interrogative adverb + Reported speech এর Subject + Verb + বাকি অংশ।
যেমন:
Direct : “What do you want?” She asked him.
Indirect : She asked him what he wanted.
Direct : He said to me, ''Where do you live?''
Indirect : He asked me where I lived.
Direct: He said to me, 'When did you come here'
Indirect: He asked me when I had gone there.
Direct : She said to me, ''Why don't you came on Monday'

৮৫১.
“How dare you wake me up?” The lion roared at the mouse. Choose the correct narration -
  1. The lion roared and said to the mouse why he wake him up?
  2. The lion roared and asked the mouse how it dared to wake him up.
  3. The lion said the mouse why it got him up?
  4. The lion questioned the mouse how it dared to wake him up.
ব্যাখ্যা

Reporting verb এর পরিবর্তনঃ প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি Interrogative sentence হওয়ায় reporting verb asked হবে।
linker যুক্তকরণঃ Interrogative Sentence এ linker how হবে।
Tense এর পরিবর্তনঃ v2 + to + v1+ .....
Correct Sentence: The lion roared and asked the mouse how it dared to wake him up.

৮৫২.
He said, "Let's vibe in a university concert."
  1. He asked we might vibe in a university concert.
  2. He proposed we may vibe in a university concert.
  3. He wanted we might vibe in a university concert.
  4. He wished that we might vibe in a university concert.
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct Speech: He said, "Let's vibe in a university concert."
Indirect Speech: He wished that we might vibe in a university concert.

• vibe (verb) (noun)
English Meaning: to enjoy music/a distinctive feeling or quality capable of being sensed.
Bangla Meaning: আবহ।

• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
→ Let যুক্ত imperative sentence কে direct speech থেকে indirect speech করার নিয়ম:

→ Reported speech "Let me/him/her" দিয়ে শুরু হলে indirect করার সময় "said/wished/desired" হবে।
→ এবং এর পরে that + sub + might/should + Verb এর (base form) বসবে।

More Example:
Direct Speech: He said, "Let me have some rest."
Indirect Speech: He wished that he might have some rest.

Source: merriam-webster.
৮৫৩.
Change the voice: Do not hate the poor.
  1. Let the poor not hated.
  2. Let not hate the poor.
  3. Let not the poor be hated.
  4. Let not the poor hated.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Do not দিয়ে শুরু Imperative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let not বসে
- Object টি subject রূপে বসে
- be বসে
- মূল Verb-এর Past Participle বসে।

সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active: Do not hate the poor.
Passive: Let not the poor be hated.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৮৫৪.
The passive form of the sentence, 'The children were laughing at the man'.
  1. ক) The man was laughed by the children.
  2. খ) The man was laughed at by the children.
  3. গ) The man was being laughed at by the children.
  4. ঘ) The man was to be laughed at by the children.
ব্যাখ্যা

Active voice কে Passive voice- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
1. Active Voice এর object টি Passive voice এর subject হয়
2. Tense ও Number Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb (এখানে were এর পরিবর্তে was হয়েছে )
3. Active Voice এর মূল Verb এর form অনুযায়ী অতিরিক্ত be Verb (am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been)
4. মূল verb এর past participle
5. Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।

৮৫৫.
He said to her, 'What do you want?' বাক্যটির Indirect speech হবে-
  1. ক) He told her what did she want
  2. খ) He told her what she wanted
  3. গ) He asked her what does she want
  4. ঘ) He asked her what did she want
ব্যাখ্যা
এক্ষেত্রে Indirect Speech এর গঠন-
Subject + asked + object + wh word + reported speech এর subject + verb + বাকী অংশ।
৮৫৬.
Do not interrupt the speaker. [passive]
  1. Let not the speaker have been interrupted.
  2. Let not the speaker being interrupted.
  3. Let not the speaker to be interrupted.
  4. Let not the speaker be interrupted.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Do not দিয়ে শুরু যুক্ত Imperative Sentence কে Passive Voice করতে হলে – 
i) বাক্যের শুরুতে Let বসে। 
ii) Active Voice এ Do not থাকলে Passive Voice এ শুধু not বসে।
iii) Active Voice এর Object – Subject এর স্থানে বসে।
iv) be বসে।
v) মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

• Active: Do not close the door.
• Passive: Let not the door be closed.

Active: Do not interrupt the speaker.
Passive: Let not the speaker be interrupted.

অন্য অপশনগুলো ভুল:

ক) Let not the speaker have been interrupted. → ভুল। এটা Perfect Passive (have been interrupted) ব্যবহার করেছে, যা এখানে প্রযোজ্য নয়।

খ) Let not the speaker being interrupted. → ভুল। “being interrupted” হলো Gerund/Continuous form, কিন্তু Let-এর পরে এটা বসে না।

গ) Let not the speaker to be interrupted. → ভুল। Let-এর পরে to বসে না (Let + object + bare infinitive).

৮৫৭.
Write the superlative degree of 'good'.
  1. best
  2. worst
  3. better
  4. immune
ব্যাখ্যা
• The superlative degree of 'good' is best.

• Good (adjective)
- ভালো; তুষ্টিকর: উপকারী; কল্যাণকর; স্বাস্থ্যকর; সুখকর; মনোরম; সুবিধাজনক; দক্ষ; যোগ্য।
- এর comparative degeree হচ্ছে better এবং superlative Best - সর্বোত্তম; সর্বোৎকৃষ্ট; সবচেয়ে ভালো; সবার সেরা।

• অন্যদিকে, 
• Bad, evil, ill এর Comparative- worse এবং Superlative- worst.
• Immune (adjective) - মুক্ত; নিরাপদ; অনাক্রম্য।

Source: Accessible Dictionary by Bangla Academy.
৮৫৮.
Angela: "I can't come to the party tonight." ( Fill in the gap with the correct change of narrative) Angela explained _____ to the party tonight.
  1. ক) She can't come
  2. খ) She couldn't come
  3. গ) She can't came
  4. ঘ) She couldn't came.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Change of narration এর সাধারণ নিয়মানুসারে, direct speech এর quoted অংশটুকু present indefinite হলে  indirect speech এ এটি past indefinite এ পরিণত হয়। 
- প্রদত্ত অপশনগুলোর মধ্যে কেবল She couldn't come  বাক্যটিই কেবল simple past form এ আছে। 
 
সুতরাং এটিই সঠিক উত্তর । 
৮৫৯.
The correct indirect form of: "The man said, 'Shall I live if there breaks out a great war in the country?'" is –
  1. The man asked if he will live if there breaks out a great war in the country.
  2. The man wondered if he would live if there broke out a great war in the country.
  3. The man said that he should live if there broke out a great war in the country.
  4. The man said whether he shall live if there breaks out a great war in the country.
ব্যাখ্যা
The correct answer is - খ) The man wondered if he would live if there broke out a great war in the country.

- Shall/will + I/we দিয়ে reported speech-এর বাক্য শুরু হলে এবং তা মূলত কোন প্রশ্ন না বুঝিয়ে কোন ভবিষ্যত অনুমান বুঝালে indirect speech এ ask ইত্যাদির স্থলে wonder (অনুমান করা, অবাক হওয়া) ব্যবহৃত হয় এবং প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্যের জন্য প্রযোজ্য অন্যান্য নিয়ম প্রযোজ্য হয়।
• Examples:
- Dir. The man said, "Shall I live if there breaks out a great war in the country?"
- Ind. : The man wondered if he would live if there broke out a great war in the country.

- Dir. : The boy said, "What shall I be in 1998?"
- Ind. : The boy wondered what he would be in 1998.

- Dir. : She said, "Where shall we be after 1,000 years?"
- Ind. She wondered where they would be after 1,000 years.

Source: A Passage To The English Language. S. M. Zakir Hussain.
৮৬০.
Afnan said to his sister, "What is the main item on the menu?" (Change Narration).
  1. Afnan asked his sister If the main item was on the menu.
  2. Afnan asked his sister what the main item is on the menu.
  3. Afnan asked his sister what the main item was on the menu.
  4. Afnan asked his sister what the main item be on the menu.
ব্যাখ্যা
সঠিক উত্তর গ) Afnan asked his sister what the main item was on the menu.

• Reported speech যদি Interrogaive Pronoun (যেমন: Who, Whom, Whose, What, Which, ইত্যাদির Interrogative adverb (যেমন- Why, Where, How, Where ইত্যাদি) দ্বারা আরম্ভ হয় তবে if/whether বসে না, এ শব্দটিই বসে। এক্ষেত্রেও Sentence টির Assertive form বসে।

• Structure:
- Sub+ask+object (যদি থাকে),
- Interrogative Pronoun/Interrogative adverb,
- Reported speech এর Subject,
- Verb + বাকী অংশ।

Direct: He said to his father, "What are you doing?"
Indirect: He asked his father what he was doing.

Direct: He said to me. "Where do you live?"
Indirect: He asked me where I lived.

Source: Advanced Learner’s by Chowdhury and Hossain.
৮৬১.
Change The voice: Why did the teacher punish you?
  1. Why was the teacher punished by you?
  2. Why were you punished by the teacher?
  3. Why did you punish by the teacher?
  4. Why were the teacher punished by you?
ব্যাখ্যা
The correct answer is - খ) Why were you punished by the teacher?

• Interrogative Sentence Active Voice Passive Voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- Interrogative বাক্য 'Wh word Interrogative দিয়ে শুরু হয়, তাহলে সহজেই সরাসরি Passive-এ পরির্বতন করা যায়।
- Who এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে+ (ii) Tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary বসে + (iii) Object টি Subject হয় + (iv) অনেক সময় tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/ being/been বসাতে হয় + ( v) মূল verb এর Past Participle বসে+ (vi) প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।

Active: Why did the teacher punish you? 
Passive: Why were you punished by the teacher?

Active: Who taught you English? 
Passive: By whom were you taught English?

Active: Whom did you call? 
Passive: Who was called by you?

Active: What do you want? 
Passive: What is wanted by you?

Active: Which book do you want? 
Passive: Which book is wanted by you?

Source: A Passage To The English Language. S. M. Zakir Hussain.
৮৬২.
Arif said, "I shall go to home." (make it indirect)
  1. Arif said that he will go to home.
  2. Arif requested that he would go to home.
  3. Arif said that he would go to home.
  4. Arif said that he would be going to home.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct Speech এ Reported Verb টি Past Tense হলে Indirect Speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Reporting Speech এর Subject বসে।
- Reporting Verb say/said, tell/told বসবে। (যদি থাকে)
- Inverted Comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- Reported Speech এর Subject/ Person অনুসারে পরিবর্তন হবে।
- Future Tense এর Will/Shall এর পরিবর্তে Would ব্যবহার করা হয়।
- বাকী অংশ বসে।

Direct: Arif said, "I shall go to home."
Indirect: Arif said that he would go to home.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৮৬৩.
কোন বাক্যটি শুদ্ধ?
  1. ক) He shouted in the top of his voice.
  2. খ) He shouted with the top of his voice.
  3. গ) He shouted on the top of his voice.
  4. ঘ) He shouted at the top of his voice.
ব্যাখ্যা
Shout এর সাথে at preposition বসে। 
shout at the top of one’s voice শব্দের অর্থ- তারস্বরে চিৎকার করা।
From Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
sing/shout at the top of your voice to sing or shout as loudly as you can

Example: Angela ran out of the house, shouting at the top of her voice.
অ্যাঞ্জেলা উচ্চস্বরে  চিৎকার করে ঘর থেকে দৌড়ে বেরিয়ে গেল।
He shouted at the top of his voice.
সে উচ্চস্বরে চিৎকার করে উঠল। 

Source: Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
৮৬৪.
The fast you run, _______ you get tired.
  1. more
  2. the more
  3. the most
  4. most
ব্যাখ্যা
The correct answer is - খ) the more
The correct answer is - The fast you run, the more you get tired.

Comparative Degree:
- দুটি noun বা pronoun- এর দোষ, গুণ, অবস্থা প্রভৃতির তুলনা করতে adjective- এর যে রূপ ব্যবহৃত হয় তাকে Comparative Degree বলে।
- যত-তত/ আনুপাতিক হ্রাস-বৃদ্ধি বুঝাতে দুইটি Adverb Comparative Degree এর প্রত্যেকটির পূর্বে The বসে।
- Structure: The + Comparative +--, the + Comparative +--- •
More examples:
- The more you read, the more you learn.
- The sooner, the better.
- The harder you study, the better your results will be.
- The more you save, the richer you become.

Other options
ক) more: "More" তুলনামূলক হলেও, এই গঠনে "the" ছাড়া ব্যবহৃত হলে এটি অসম্পূর্ণ এবং ব্যাকরণগতভাবে ভুল। "The more" প্রয়োজন।
গ) the most: "The most" হলো superlative form, যা সবচেয়ে বেশি বোঝায়। এখানে তুলনামূলক সম্পর্ক বোঝানো হচ্ছে, তাই "the most" ভুল।
ঘ) most: "Most" ও superlative form এবং "the" ছাড়া ব্যবহৃত হলে এটি গঠনের সাথে মেলে না। এটি তুলনামূলক গঠনের জন্য উপযুক্ত নয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
৮৬৫.
The teacher will be explaining the lesson. (passive)
  1. The lesson will be being explained by the teacher.
  2. The lesson will be explained by the teacher.
  3. The lesson will been explained by the teacher.
  4. The lesson would be explained by the teacher.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Future continuous Tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম -
- object টি subject রূপে বসে। 
- shall be being/ will be being বসে। 
- মুল verb এর past participle form বসে। 
- এরপর by বসে। 
- সবশেষে subject এর objective form বসে।

Active: The host will be welcoming the guests.
Passive: The guests will be being welcomed by the host.

Active: The teacher will be explaining the lesson.
Passive: The lesson will be being explained by the teacher.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৮৬৬.
The indirect form of the sentence - He said, ''Let me have some milk.'' is :
  1. ক) He said that he wanted some milk.
  2. খ) He prayed that he might have some mok.
  3. গ) He said that he might have some milk.
  4. ঘ) He suggested to have some milk.
  5. ঙ) He wished that he might have some milk.
ব্যাখ্যা

Let me/him/her থাকলে Indirect Structure:

Subject + Reporting verb + that + Subject + might/might be allowed to + v1 + ..... (told/requested/desired/wished)

Correct Sentence: He wished that he might have some milk.

৮৬৭.
The old man said, "How helpless I am!"(Change into indirect speech)
  1. The old man said that he was very helpless.
  2. The old man exclaimed with joy that he was very helpless.
  3. The old man exclaimed with grief that he was very helpless.
  4. The old man told that he was very helpless.
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct: "How helpless I am!" said the old man.
Indirect: The old man exclaimed with grief that he was very helpless.
- প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি একটি Exclamatory sentence. তাই Indirect speech করার সময় বাক্যটিতে তাই said-এর পরিবর্তে exclaimed with grief বসেছে।
 
• Direct Speech এ আনন্দ বুঝালে:
- Subject + Reporting verb পরিবর্তিত হয়ে exclaim/ exclaimed with joy বসে।
- আর দুঃখ বুঝালে exclaim / exclaimed with sorrow or grief বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর Subject বসে।
- Reporting verb অনুযায়ী Reported speech এর Verb বসবে।
- very/ great বসবে।
- adjective বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ (যদি থাকে)।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৮৬৮.
Choose the correct indirect form:
He said, "I must finish the report today." 
  1. He said he must finish the report today.
  2. He said that he must finish the report that day.
  3. He said that he had to finish the report that day.
  4. He said that he must to finish the report today. 
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: গ) He said that he had to finish the report that day.

•  Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের বেলায়:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Direct speech এ must থাকলে Indirect speech এ had to হয়।
- to এর পর verb এর base form বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।
- Direct speech- এ 'today' থাকলে indirect speech- এ 'that day' বসবে।

Direct speech: He said, "I must finish the report today."
Indirect speech: He said that he had to finish the report that day.

Other Options: 
(ক) He said he must finish the report today. - tense ঠিক নয়।
(খ) He said that he must finish the report that day. - tense ঠিক নয়, এবং must থাকবে না।
(ঘ) He said that he must to finish the report today. — “must to finish” grammatically ভুল।

৮৬৯.
You said to me, 'you are right'. Indirect form is-
  1. ক) You told me that I was right.
  2. খ) You told me that you are right.
  3. গ) You told me that I am right.
  4. ঘ) You told me that I were right.
ব্যাখ্যা
Said to থাকলে indirect speech এ told হবে এবং reporting verb এর tense কে অনুসরণ করে indirect speech এ পরিবর্তন আসবে।
এখানে তাই সঠিক indirect speech হবে - You told me that I was right.

Direct speech: You said to me, ''You do not do your duty.''
indirect speech:  You told me that I did not do my duty.
৮৭০.
She said to me, "Why are you working so hard?" (make it indirect)
  1. She asked me why I worked so hard.
  2. She asked me why I am working so hard.
  3. She told me why I was working so hard.
  4. She asked me why I was working so hard.
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• 'WH question' যুক্ত বাক্যের indirect narration এর গঠন - 
- reporting verb 'said to' এর পরিবর্তে asked বসবে। 
- reporting verb এর object অনুসারে reported speech এ verb বসবে।
- তারপর object বসবে।

Direct: She said to me, "Why are you working so hard?"
Indirect: She asked me why I was working so hard.
৮৭১.
He said to me, "Give me a piece of cake."
  1. He requested me to give him a piece of cake.
  2. He said to me give him a piece of cake.
  3. He ordered me to give him a piece of cake.
  4. He command me to give him a piece of cake.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Imperative sentence এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম:
- Subject + request / order / advice / beg / forbid বসে।
- Object বসে।
- to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসবে।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী person পরিবর্তিত হবে।
- reported verb- টি অনুরোধ বুঝালে request, আদেশ বুঝালে order / command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, অন্যথায় tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হবে।

Direct: He said to me, "Give me a piece of cake."
Indirect: He requested me to give him a piece of cake.

Source- Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৮৭২.
Chittagong is one of the largest sea-ports in Bangladesh. (Positive)
  1. Chittagong is larger than other sea-ports.
  2. Very few sea-ports of Bangladesh is so large as Chittagong.
  3. No other sea-port in Bangladesh is as large as Chittagong.
  4. Very few sea-ports of Bangladesh are as large as Chittagong.
ব্যাখ্যা
The correct answer is - ঘ) Very few sea-ports of Bangladesh are as large as Chittagong.

One of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Positive Degree তে রূপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ-
(i) প্রথমে very few বসে + (ii) superlative degree এর পরের অংশ বসে+ (iii) verb এর plural form বসে + (iv) as বসে + (vi) Superlative degree এর positive from বসে + (v) as বসে + (vii) প্রদত্ত sentence এর Subject বসে।

Structure: Very few + superlative degree এর পরের অংশ + verb এর plural form + so + superlative degree এর positive form + as প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject।

Sup.: Chittagong is one of the largest sea-ports in Bangladesh.
Pos.: Very few sea-ports of Bangladesh are as large as chittagong. 

Sup.: English is one of the best languages of the world.
Pos.: Very few languages in the world are as good as English.

Sup.: London is one of the biggest cities of the world.
Pos.: Very few cities of the world are as big as London.

Other options:
ক) Chittagong is larger than other sea-ports.
- এটি Comparative Degree, Positive নয়।
- সুতরাং, ভুল।

খ) Very few sea-ports of Bangladesh is so large as Chittagong.
- "are" হওয়া উচিত।
- ভুল (ব্যাকরণগত কারণে)।

গ) No other sea-port in Bangladesh is as large as Chittagong.
- মূল বাক্য বলছে: “one of the largest”, অর্থাৎ একাধিক বড় বন্দরের একটি।
- তাই অর্থে মিলছে না। ভুল।

Source: 1. A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
2. Advance Learner's Communication English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৮৭৩.
What is the Indirect Speech of - Anis said, "I must write a letter?"
  1. Anis said that he has to write a letter.
  2. Anis said that he had to write a letter.
  3. Anis said that he must write a letter.
  4. Anis said that he wrote a letter.
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct narration থেকে Indirect narration এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম হলো-
- প্রথমে Reporting verb-এর Subject বসে এবং তারপর Reporting verb (say/said, tell/told) বসে (যদি থাকে)।
- তারপর যদি বাক্যটি assertive sentence হয়, তাহলে Inverted comma (" ") উঠিয়ে দিয়ে conjunction হিসেবে that বসানো হয়।
- এরপর Reported speech-এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
- Reporting verb-এর Subject বা Object-এর number (একবচন বা বহুবচন), person (first, second, third) এবং gender (male/female) অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়।
- যখন Reported Verb past হয়, তখন must → had to হবে।
- তারপর বাক্যটির বাকি অংশ বসানো হয়।

Direct narration: Anis said, "I must write a letter."
Indirect narration: Anis said that he had to write a letter.
৮৭৪.
Change the following sentence into indirect form: Rumman said to them, "Friends, help me."
  1. Rumman asked them for help.
  2. Rumman requested them to help him.
  3. Addressing them as friends, Rumman requested them to help him.
  4. Addressing them friends, Rumman asked them to help him.
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• Imperative sentence এ direct speech এ কাউকে সম্বোধন করা হলে নীচের নিয়মের সাহায্যে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করতে হয়:
- Addressing বসবে
- Reporting verb এর object (যদি থাকে) 
- as বসে
- যাকে/যাদেরকে সম্বোধন করা হয়েছে সে শব্দটি বসবে
- Reporting verb এর subject বসবে
- Reporting verb বসবে
- to বসবে
- Reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসবে।

Structure: Addressing + Reporting verb এর object (যদি থাকে) + as + যাকে/যাদেরকে সম্বোধন করা হয়েছে সে শব্দটি + Reporting verb এর subject +  Reporting verb + to + Reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত।


Direct: Rumman said to them, "Friends, help me."
Indirect: Indirect: Addressing them as friends, Rumman requested them to help him.
৮৭৫.
Change the voice: What do you want?
  1. What is wanting by you?
  2. What is wanted by you?
  3. What is being wanted by you?
  4. What was wanted by you?
ব্যাখ্যা
Active: What do you want?
Passive: What is wanted by you?

What যুক্ত interrogative sentence এর Active voice কে passive voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:

- What প্রথমে বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Subject টির objective form বসে।
- প্রশ্নবোধক (?) চিহ্ন বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৮৭৬.
The workers demanded to increase their salaries. (make it passive)
  1. The workers demand their salaries should be increased.
  2. The workers are demanded that their salaries should be increased.
  3. The workers demanded that their salaries are being increased.
  4. The workers demanded that their salaries should be increased.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive object যুক্ত sentence কে Active Voice কে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম: 
- প্রদত্ত Active Voice এর Subject ও Verb বসবে।
- that বসে।
- Infinitive এর পরের Object বসবে।
- should be বসে।
- Infinitive এর পরের verb এর Past Participle বসে।

Active Voice: The workers demanded to increase their salaries.
Passive Voice: The workers demanded that their salaries should be increased.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৮৭৭.
Choose the passive form of the sentence "I saw him playing football".
  1. Football was played and seen by him.
  2. He was seen playing football by me.
  3. Football was being played and seen by him
  4. Football was seen played by me and him.
ব্যাখ্যা

The correct passive voice is: He was seen playing football by me.

Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- 'Subject + verb (see/watch/find) + object + ving (Present Participle)'
- এ ধরনের বাক্যের Passive voice গঠনের নিয়ম হচ্ছে - subject, verb ও object এর স্বাভাবিক নিয়মে passive হবে।
- কিন্তু Present Participle - এর কোন change হবে না, অর্থাৎ, Present Participle থেকে বাকি অংশ অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে ।

- Active voice এর object টিকে  passive voice এর subject এ পরিণত করতে হবে।
- Subject এবং Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসাতে হবে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle form করতে হবে।
- preposition (by/with/at/to/in) বসাতে হবে।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।

Other Options:
ক) Football was played and seen by him.
- এখানে ব্যক্তিবাচক object এর পরিবর্তে ভুলভাবে বস্তুবাচক object কে Subject এ পরিণত করা হয়েছে।

গ) Football was being played and seen by him.
- এখানে ব্যক্তিবাচক object এর পরিবর্তে ভুলভাবে বস্তুবাচক object কে Subject এ পরিণত করা হয়েছে।

ঘ) Football was seen played by me and him.
- ব্যক্তিবাচক object এর পরিবর্তে ভুলভাবে বস্তুবাচক object কে Subject এ পরিণত করা হয়েছে।

Source: A Passage To The English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৮৭৮.
Roshni said to Riva, "Will you help me with this work?" [change the narration]
  1. Roshni asked Riva that she would help her with that work.
  2. Roshni asked Riva if she would help her with that work.
  3. Roshni asked Riva if she would help her with this work.
  4. Roshni asked Riva if she would helped her with that work.
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct: Roshni said to Riva, "Will you help me with this work?"
Indirect: Roshni asked Riva if she would help her with that work.

• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
Sentence টি Interrogative sentence এ থাকলে,
- Reporting verb টি ask, inquire of, want to know, demand, wonder ইত্যাদিতে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Sentence টি Interrogative এর পরিবর্তে Assertive এ পরিণত হয়।

• Interrogative sentence এ যদি W/H question word না থেকে যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তখন সেই বাক্যটিকে পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী ask/ inquire of বসে।
- Object বসে (যদি থাকে)।
- if/ whether বসে।
- reported speech এর subject বসে।
- reported speech এর verb বসে।
- বাকি অংশ।

Structure: Reporting verb এর subject + Tense অনুযায়ী ask/ inquire of + Object + if/ whether + reported speech এর subject + reported speech এর verb + বাকি অংশ।

Direct: Promi said to her friend, "Will you go home?"
Indirect: Promi asked her friend if she would go home.

মূল বাক্য: Roshni said to Riva, "Will you help me with this work?"
- এটি Direct Speech, যেটিকে Indirect Speech এ রূপান্তর করতে হবে।
- “Will you” → “if/whether she would”
- “this work” → Indirect speech-এ সাধারণত “that work” হয়।

বাকি অপশনগুলো ভুল কেন:

ক) Roshni asked Riva that she would help her with that work.
 → ভুল, এখানে that নয় if/whether বসবে। 

গ) Roshni asked Riva if she would help her with this work.
→ Indirect speech-এ “this” সাধারণত “that” হয়।

ঘ) Roshni asked Riva if she would helped her with that work.
→ ভুল, কারণ “would” এর সাথে base verb আসে, past participle নয়।

৮৭৯.
She said, "I may visit my friend tomorrow."
  1. She said that she may visit her friend the next day.
  2. She said that she might visit her friend the next day.
  3. She said that she can visit her friend the next day.
  4. She said that she will visit her friend the next day.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: খ) She said that she might visit her friend the next day.

- She said, "I may visit my friend tomorrow."
- মূল বাক্যে modal verb “may” ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।
- Reported speech এ “may” পরিবর্তিত হয় “might” হয়।
- বাক্যের অর্থ একই রয়ে যায়।
- তাই সঠিক উত্তর হলো “She said that she might visit her friend the next day.”

Other Options:
ক) She said that she may visit her friend the next day.
- "may" অতীত কালেও অপরিবর্তিত রয়ে গেছে, যা ভুল।

গ) She said that she can visit her friend the next day.
- "can" → "could" হওয়া উচিত, কিন্তু এখানে Direct Speech এ "may" ছিল।

ঘ) She said that she will visit her friend the next day.
- এখানে "may" কে "will" এ পরিবর্তন করা হয়েছে, যা অর্থ ও tense বদলে দেয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৮৮০.
The teacher said, "Every mother loves her children." The indirect narration is -
  1. ক) The teacher said that every mother loves her child.
  2. খ) The teacher says that every mother loves her child.
  3. গ) The teacher said that every mother loved her child.
  4. ঘ) The teacher says that every mother loves her child.
ব্যাখ্যা
Reported speech যদি কোন চিরন্তন সত্য (Universal truth) বা অভ্যাসগত সত্য (habitual fact) প্রকাশ করে তাহলে reporting verb-এর tense যাই হোক না কেন, reported speech-এর verb-এর কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না। যেমন: 
The old man said, "Necessity knows no law."
- The old man said that necessity knows no law. 

Source : A Passage to the English Language by S. M. Zakir Hussain.
৮৮১.
The boy said, "Hurrah! My father has come."(Make it indirect)
  1. The boy said his father had come.
  2. The boy exclaimed with joy that his father had come.
  3. The boy exclaimed with sorrow that his father had come.
  4. The boy told his father had come.
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct Speech: The boy said, "Hurrah! My father has come.
Indirect Speech: The boy exclaimed with joy that his father had come.
- প্রদত্ত Direct Speech টি একটি Exclamatory Sentence. Exclamatory Sentence এর Direct Speech এ আনন্দ বুঝালে Reporting Verb এর পরিবর্তে exclaimed with joy বসে।

• Exclamatory Sentence এর Direct Speech এ আনন্দ/ দুঃখ বুঝালে Indirect Speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Subject + Reporting Verb পরিবর্তিত হয়ে (আনন্দ বুঝালে) exclaim/ exclaimed with joy বসে এবং (দুঃখ বুঝালে) exclaim/ exclaimed with sorrow or grief বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর Subject বসে।
- Reporting verb অনুযায়ী Reported speech এর verb বসবে।
- Adjective বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ (যদি থাকে)।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৮৮২.
She said that she ______ the work already.
  1. finishes
  2. finished
  3. has finished
  4. had finished
ব্যাখ্যা

• এই বাক্যটি Indirect Speech (Reported Speech)–এ রয়েছে।
- Direct Speech–এ বাক্যটি হবে:
- She said, “I have finished the work already.”

- Direct Speech–এ Present Perfect Tense থাকলে, Indirect Speech–এ তা Past Perfect Tense–এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- এটিকে বলা হয় tense backshift.

- has finished → had finished (সঠিক)
- finishes / finished / has finished → Indirect Speech–এর ক্ষেত্রে ভুল।
- তাই শূন্যস্থানে had finished বসালে বাক্যটি ব্যাকরণগতভাবে সঠিক হয়।

• Complete sentence:
- She said that she had finished the work already.

• Bangla Meaning:
- সে বলেছিল যে সে কাজটি আগেই শেষ করেছিল।

• Narration Rule:
- Direct Speech → Indirect Speech.
- Present Indefinite → Past Indefinite.
- Present Continuous → Past Continuous.
- Present Perfect → Past Perfect.
- Past Indefinite → Past Perfect.
- Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous.

- সময় নির্দেশক শব্দও পরিবর্তিত হয়—
- yesterday → the previous day.
- today → that day.
- now → then.

৮৮৩.
Eshat asked her mother 'Are you cooking'? (Make it indirect)
  1. ক) Eshat asked her mother whether if she is cooking.
  2. খ) Eshat asked her mother if she is cooking.
  3. গ) Eshat asked her mother whether she was cooking.
  4. ঘ) Eshat asked her mother that is she cooking.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Interrogative Sentence যুক্ত Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech করার নিয়ম: 
- Subject + ask + object + if/whether + reported speech এর subject + Tense অনুসারে verb + extension.
- উক্ত বাক্যে reported verb টি present continuous tense.
- তাই, indirect speech এ reported verb টি past continuous tense হবে।

Direct: Eshat asked her mother 'Are you cooking'?
Indirect: Eshat asked her mother whether she was cooking.
৮৮৪.
He said, 'What a beautiful scenery it is!"
  1. He exclaimed with joy that it was a beautiful scenery.
  2. He exclaimed with joy that it was a very beautiful scenery.
  3. He wonder with joy that it was a beautiful scenery.
  4. He said with joy that it was a very beautiful scenery.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Reported Speech How বা What দ্বারা শুরু হলে আতিশয্য বুঝালে Indirect speech করার নিয়ম:
- subject + reporting verb পরিবর্তিত হয়ে exclaim / exclaimed with joy বসে। 
- inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- How বা What এর পরিবর্তে very, much , great ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসে।

Direct: He said, 'What a beautiful scenery it is!"
Indirect: He exclaimed with joy that it was a very beautiful scenery.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৮৮৫.
The teacher made the students write an essay. (Make it passive)
  1. The students were made write an essay by the teacher.
  2. The students are made to write an essay by the teacher.
  3. The students were made to write an essay by the teacher.
  4. The students have been made to write an essay by the teacher.
ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: The teacher made the students write an essay.
- Passive: The students were made to write an essay by the teacher.

• Need, bid, dare, make, let, know, hear, feel, behold, watch ইত্যাদি verb গুলোর পর Active voice এর ‘to’ উহ্য থাকে। 
- তবে passive করার সময় তাদের পর 'to' বসে। 

• নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Object -কে Subject করতে হবে।
-  Tense ও subject অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb (was) বসে।
- তারপর মূল Verb -এর Past Participle বসবে।
- তারপর Active voice -এ  উহ্য থাকা to বসবে।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসবে।
- শেষে by + Active voice -এর Subject টি Object হবে।

More examples:
- Active: Our parents made us study hard.
- Passive: We were made to study hard by our parents.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition.

৮৮৬.
Ali has said to his friend, "I shall attend the meeting and you will come later." (Make it indirect)
  1. Ali has told his friend that he will attend the meeting and he will come later.
  2. Ali has told his friend that he would attend the meeting and he should come later.
  3. Ali has told his friend that he should attend the meeting and he would come later.
  4. Ali told his friend that he will attend the meeting and he will come later.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct Speech থাকে Indirect Speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Direct Speech এ Reporting Verb এর Tense যদি Present tense বা Future Tense হয় তখন Indirect Speech এ Tense এর কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না।
- Inverted Comma এর পরিবর্তে that বসে।
- Reported Speech এর Person এর পরিবর্তন হয়।

• Direct Speech: Ali has said to his friend, "I shall attend the meeting and you will come later."
• Indirect Speech: Ali has told his friend that he will attend the meeting and he will come later.

Source: A Passage To The English Language S. M. Zakir Hussain.

৮৮৭.
"Is he coming to the party?" Rina asked him. [Change the narration.]
  1. Rina asked him if he came to the party.
  2. Rina asked him if he has been coming to the party.
  3. Rina asked him if he is coming to the party.
  4. Rina asked him if he was coming to the party.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: Rina asked him if he was coming to the party.

- "Is he coming to the party?" Rina asked him.
- Interrogative sentence যুক্ত direct speech কে indirect speech করার ক্ষেত্রে:
- Structure: Subject + ask + object + if/whether + reported speech এর subject + tense অনুসারে verb + extension.
- এই বাক্যে reported verb টি present continuous tense হয়।
- তাই, indirect speech এ reported verb টি past continuous tense হবে।
- Rina asked him if he was coming to the party.

Other Options:
ক) Rina asked him if he came to the party.
→ simple past, tense mismatch; past continuous tense হবে।

খ) Rina asked him if he has been coming to the party.
→ present perfect continuous, past continuous tense হবে।

গ) Rina asked him if he is coming to the party.
→ present tense, সঠিক tense হবে past tense.

৮৮৮.
Choose the direct speech of the sentence: She told us to hurry up.
  1. ক) She said, ''Do hurry up.''
  2. খ) She said to us, ''Hurry up.''
  3. গ) She told, ''Hurry up.''
  4. ঘ) She said us, ''Hurry up.''
ব্যাখ্যা
Indirect Narration এর Tell, Direct Narration এর reporting verb “say” তে রূপান্তরিত হয়।
Reporting verb + to + object, “Reported Speech”.
৮৮৯.
Change the narration: Baelish said, “Long live King Joffrey!”
  1. Baelish said that King Joffrey to live long.
  2. Baelish wished the king, Joffrey, live long.
  3. Baelish wished that King Joffrey might live long.
  4. Baelish might wished that King Joffrey to live long.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: গ) Baelish wished that King Joffrey might live long.

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী:
- Optative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে, Optative Sentence এর Direct form কে Indirect form এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- said এর পরিবর্তে wished / prayed বসবে।
- inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসবে।
- reported speech এর subject বসে + may/ might বসে
- reported verb এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত অংশ বসে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Direct Narration: Baelish said, “Long live King Joffrey!”
- Indirect Narration: Baelish wished that King Joffrey might live long.

অন্য অপশনগুলো:
ক) Baelish said that King Joffrey to live long. → to live long ভুল construction।
খ) Baelish wished the king, Joffrey, live long. → এখানে might নেই, incomplete।
ঘ) Baelish might wished that King Joffrey to live long. → verb form ভুল (might wished নয়)।

More Examples:
- Direct Narration: He said, “Long live our unity!”
- Indirect Narration: He wished that their unity might live long.

৮৯০.
Change into indirect speech:
They said, "We had finished the work."
  1. They said that they finished the work.
  2. They said that they had finished the work.
  3. They said that they have finished the work.
  4. They said that they had finish the work.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Correct Answer: খ) They said that they had finished the work.

- They said, "We had finished the work."
- মূল বাক্য past perfect tense এ আছে।
- Reported speech এ tense অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
- “Had finished” অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
- বাক্যটি সম্পন্ন কাজ বোঝায়।
- তাই সঠিক উত্তর হলো “They said that they had finished the work.”

Other options:
ক) They said that they finished the work. 
- Past Indefinite হয়েছে, অথচ মূল বাক্য ছিল Past Perfect.

গ) They said that they have finished the work.
- "have finished" Present Perfect, যা এখানে ভুল।

ঘ) They said that they had finish the work.
- "had finish" ভুল -"had + past participle (finished)" হওয়া উচিত।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৮৯১.
She asked me, 'Are you happy in your new job?' (make it indirect)
  1. She asked me if I had been happy in my new job.
  2. She asked me if I have been happy in my new job.
  3. She asked me whether I am happy in my new job.
  4. She asked me if I was happy in my new job.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Interrogative Sentence যুক্ত Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech করার নিয়ম: 
- Subject + ask + object + if/ whether + reported speech এর subject + Tense অনুসারে verb + extension.

•  উক্ত বাক্যে reported verb টি present indefinite tense এ রয়েছে।
- তাই, indirect speech এ reported verb টি past indefinite tense হবে।

Direct speech: She asked me, 'Are you happy in your new job?'
Indirect speechShe asked me if I was happy in my new job.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৮৯২.
Jordan said that he had finished his chore long before. (Change the narration)
  1. Jordan said, "I had finished my chore long ago."
  2. Jordan said, "I finished my chore long ago."
  3. Jordan said, "I finished my chore long before."
  4. Jordan said, "I finish my chore long ago."
ব্যাখ্যা
• Indirect: Jordan said that he had finished his chore long before.
- Direct: Jordan said, "I finished my chore long ago."

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
• Indirect এ before থাকলে direct এ তা পরিবর্তিত হয়ে ago হয়।
- আর long ago থাকলে verb এর past indefinite tense হয়।
- এখানে Past Perfect Tense "had finished" → Past Indefinite "finished" হয়ে গেছে এবং long before → long ago-এ পরিবর্তিত হয়েছে।

• Structure:
- Indirect: Subject + said + that + past perfect (sub + had + past participle) + long before.
- Direct: Subject + said, + past indefinite (sub + past form) + long ago.

Indirect: Minhaz said that he had seen him long before.
Direct: Minhaz said, "I saw him long ago."
৮৯৩.
"Will it rain today?", the tourist said. (Make it indirect)
  1. Whether it would rain this day the tourist enquired.
  2. Whether it would rain that day the tourist enquired.
  3. The tourist enquired whether it would rain that day.
  4. The tourist enquired whether it would rain today.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Interrogative Sentence কে Direct থেকে Indirect speech- এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb টি ask, enquire of, wonder তে পরিবর্তিত হয় ‌।
- Reported speech এর অন্তর্গত Interrogative sentence টি যদি কোন Wh - question word দ্বারা শুরু হয়,তাহলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে অর্থাৎ সেই Wh - - question word টিই Conjunction হিসাবে বসবে।

- তবে, reported speech টি যদি Auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে inverted comma তুলে, linker হিসেবে if/ whether বসবে।

• -Direct Narration এ reporting clause (he said, said he) ইত্যাদি, reported speech এর প্রথমে, মাঝখানে অথবা পিছনে থাকতে পারে।
- কিন্তু indirect speech এ  reporting clause সব সময় বাক্যের প্রথমে বসাতে হয়।
- Direct speech এ present Indefinite tense থাকলে Indirect narration এ তা past indefinite tense হয়।
- Reporting verb টি past tense এ হওয়ায়, Reported speech - ও past tense এ হবে।
- reported speech এর will এর পরিবর্তিত হয়ে would হবে, can হবে could.

- সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী -
Direct: "Will it rain today", the tourist said.
Indirect: The tourist enquired whether it would rain that day.
৮৯৪.
'He said that he had done the work.' The direct speech is-
  1. He said, "I will do the work."
  2. He said, "The work will be done by me."
  3. He said, "I do the work."
  4. He said, "I did the work."
ব্যাখ্যা
Indirect speech এ that clause টি past perfect tense এ হওয়ায় direct speech এ তা reported speech এ পরিণত হবে এবং তা past indefinite tense এ হবে।
 সুতরাং, সঠিক direct speech টি হবে - He said, "I did the work."
৮৯৫.
Asif said to me, "Will you help me tomorrow?"
The correct indirect speech is:
  1. Asif asked me if I will help him the next day. 
  2. Asif asked me if I would help him tomorrow.
  3. Asif asked me if I would help him the next day. 
  4. Asif told me to help him the next day.
ব্যাখ্যা

• সঠিক উত্তর: গ) Asif asked me if I would help him the next day.

- প্রথমে Reporting Verb Change করতে হবে,
- Interjection sentence: হওয়ায় Indirect এ asked + if/whether হবে,
- পরবর্তীতে Tense Change: Will কে  Would এ রূপান্তর করতে হবে,
- "tomorrow" পরিবর্তিত হয়ে  the next day হবে।
- এবং Pronoun Change, "me" পরিবর্তিত হয়ে him হবে। 

অন্যদিকে, 
ক) "Asif asked me if I will help him the next day. "- Tense পরিবর্তন হয়ে "would" হবে।

খ) "Asif asked me if I would help him tomorrow." - সময় বদলায়নি "the next day" হবে।

ঘ) "Asif told me to help him the next day." - অর্থ পরিবর্তন করে (request থেকে order)।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৮৯৬.
My father said, "What goes up must come down." (make it indirect)
  1. My father said that what goes up must come down.
  2. My father advised that what went up must come down.
  3. My father remarked that What went up must come down.
  4. My father said that what went up had to come down.
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct narration: My father said, "What goes up must come down." 
Indirect narration: My father said that what goes up must come down.

- Universal truth বা habitual fact প্রকাশ করায় বাক্যটির indirect narration গঠনের সময় verb-এর রূপ পরিবর্তন হবে না।

More Example:
Direct narration: My father said, "All that glitters is not gold."
Indirect narration: My father said that all that glitters is not gold.

৮৯৭.
Who has organized the meeting? [passive]
  1. By whom is the meeting been organized?
  2. By whom has the meeting been organized?
  3. By whom has the meeting being organized?
  4. By whom has the meeting to be organized?
ব্যাখ্যা

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে।
- Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসাতে হয়।
- Object টি Subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/being/been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- সবার শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।
সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,

Active Voice: Who has answered the question?
Passive Voice: By whom has the question been answered?

Active: Who has organized the meeting?
Passive: By whom has the meeting been organized?

৮৯৮.
She blamed herself. (Change the voice)
  1. She herself was blamed by her.
  2. She was blamed herself.
  3. She was blamed by herself.
  4. Herself was blamed by her.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Reflexive object যুক্ত  Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
• Reflexive object গুলো হচ্ছে - himself, myself, themself, ourself etc.

• Structure:
- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর Subject টি অপরিবর্তিত অবস্থায় Passive voice এর Subject হিসাবে প্রথমে বসে + tense ও person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + মূল verb এর past participle form বসে + by বসে +  Reflexive object টি বসে।

• Active: He killed himself.
• Passive: He was killed by himself.

Active: She blamed herself.
Passive: She was blamed by herself.
৮৯৯.
A and B invest in a business in the ratio 2 : 1. If 10% of the total profit goes to charity and A's share is Tk. 720, what is the total profit? 
  1. ক) Tk. 1125
  2. খ) Tk. 1200 
  3. গ) Tk. 1350
  4. ঘ) Tk. 1400
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: A and B invest in a business in the ratio 2 : 1. If 10% of the total profit goes to charity and A's share is Tk. 720, what is the total profit? 

Solution: 
Let the total profit be Tk. 100
After paying 10% to charity, A's share = 90 × ((2/3) = Tk. 60

Now,
If A's share is Tk. 60 total profit = Tk. 100
∴ If A's share is Tk. 1 total profit = Tk. 100/60
∴ If A's share is Tk. 720 total profit = Tk. (100/60) × 720 = Tk. 1200 

∴ The total profit is Tk. 1200
৯০০.
Change the narration: The captain says, “Company move forward”.
  1. ক) The Captain commands the company to move forward.
  2. খ) The Captain commanded to move the company forward.
  3. গ) The Captain instructed the company for a forward move.
  4. ঘ) The Captain requests the company to move forwards.
ব্যাখ্যা

Reporting verb টি present tense এ আছে এবং একজন captain তার অধীনস্তকে command করে.
সুতরাং সঠিক indirect speech হবে- The Captain commands the company to move forward.