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PrepBank · বিষয়ভিত্তিক প্রশ্ন

Voice, Narration and Degree

মোট প্রশ্ন১,৩৫৬এই পাতা১০০প্রতি পাতা১০০
প্রশ্ন দেখুনঅনুশীলন
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

Voice, Narration and Degree

PrepBank · পাতা ১০ / ১৪ · ৯০১–১,০০০ / ১,৩৫৬

৯০১.
"Come here" choose the correct indirect speech.
  1. ক
    He told me to go there.
  2. খ
    He ordered me that go there.
  3. গ
    He told me to come here.
  4. ঘ
    He told me to go
ব্যাখ্যা
• Imperative Sentence এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb টি আদেশ বুঝালে order/ command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, তা না হলে tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে to বসে।
- reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
- Reporting verb যদি Past Tense হয়, তাহলে তার নিকটবর্তী নির্দেশনাসূচক দূরবর্তী নির্দেশনাসূচক শব্দে পরিণত করতে হবে।
- Come > Go.

• Structure: Subject + request/ order/ advise/ tell + object (যদি থাকে) + to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

- Direct Speech: Come here.
- Indirect Speech: He told me to go there.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৯০২.
She said, "If I could travel the world!" (Make it indirect)
  1. ক
    She wished that if she could travel the world.
  2. খ
    She wished she could travel the world.
  3. গ
    She said that she wished she could travel the world.
  4. ঘ
    She wished that she could had traveled the world.
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি একটি Exclamatory Sentence হওয়ায় এবংএর দ্বারা আকাঙ্ক্ষা প্রকাশ করায় Reporting Verb -Said এর পরিবর্তে wished হবে।
- Sentence কে Assertive Sentence বানাতে হয় অর্থাৎ if কে বাদ দিয়ে এর পরের অংশ বসে।
- বক্তা ও শ্রোতা অনুযায়ী Reported Speech এর Subject ও Object পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
- Direct narration এর reporting verb টি past tense এ থাকলে indirect narration করার ক্ষেত্রে reported speech ও past tense হবে। 

• Reporting Verb (said) Past Tense হওয়ায় Reported Speech (Inverted Comma এর ভেতরের অংশ) নিয়ম অনুযায়ী Past Tense কে Past Perfect এ রূপান্তর করার সাধারণ নিয়ম থাকলেও Unreal Past এর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - 
Direct: She said, "If only I could travel the world!"
Indirect: She wished she could travel the world.
৯০৩.
Choose the correct indirect sentence for the following direct sentence:
"He said, 'I must prepare for the driving test.' "
  1. ক
    He said that he had to prepare for the driving test.
  2. খ
    He said that he could prepare for the driving test.
  3. গ
    He said that he would prepare for the driving test.
  4. ঘ
    He said that he had prepare for the driving test.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct sentence: "He said, 'I must prepare for the driving test.' "
- Indirect sentence: He said that he had to prepare for the driving test.

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ ক্ষেত্রে:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject number/person অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।
- Direct speech এ reporting verb টি past tense এ থাকলে এবং reported speech এ must থাকলে তা indirect speech এ পরিবর্তিত হয়ে 'had to' হয়।

সে অনুসারে,
The correct indirect sentence is: He said that he had to prepare for the driving test.
৯০৪.
Don't waste your time (Change into passive voice).
  1. ক
    Let not your time be wasted.
  2. খ
    Your time should not be wasted.
  3. গ
    Let your time not wasted.
  4. ঘ
    Let be your time not wasted.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: Let not your time be wasted.
- যখন কোনও Imperative Sentence 'Don't' বা 'Do not' দিয়ে শুরু হয়, তখন Voice Change করার জন্য Let এর ঠিক পরেই not   বসিয়ে Voice change করতে হয়।

• Do not যুক্ত imperative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে voice change এর structure টি হল: 
- প্রথমে Let not বসে,
- Active Voice এর Object টি subject,
- be+মূল verb এর past participle বসে।

Other options:
খ) Your time should not be wasted.
- Imperative Sentence  এর Voice Change করার জন্য passive voice এর শুরুতে Let বসাতে হয়। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

গ) Let your time not wasted.
- 'Don't' বা 'Do not' দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Imperative Sentence এর Voice Change করার জন্য Let এর ঠিক পরেই not বসিয়ে Voice   change করতে হয়। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

ঘ) Let be your time not wasted.
- 'Don't' বা 'Do not' দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Imperative Sentence এর Voice Change করার জন্য Let এর ঠিক পরেই not বসিয়ে Voice   change করতে হয় এবং be+মূল verb এর past participle করতে হয়। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৯০৫.
Did not you play chess? Make it indirect-
  1. ক
    He asked me if I did not play chess.
  2. খ
    He asked me did not you play chess.
  3. গ
    He said to me if I not played chess.
  4. ঘ
    He asked me if I do not play chess.
ব্যাখ্যা

- Direct: Did not you play chess? 
- Indirect: He asked me if I did not play chess.

- প্রদত্ত বাক্যে Reporting verb -এবং subject উল্লেখ নাই, তাই অপশন অনুযায়ী ধরে নিতে হবে।

• Interrogative sentence - এর speech পরিবর্তন করার ক্ষেত্রে-
- প্রথমে Reporting verb -এর subject বসে এবং Reporting verb “said” - এর পরিবর্তে asked বসবে।
- তারপর Reported speech টি যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে Inverted comma তুলে দিয়ে linker হিসেবে if/whether বসবে।
- তবে, Reported speech টি যদি Wh word দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে। অর্থাৎ, সেই Wh - question word টিই conjunction হিসেবে বসবে।
- তারপর Reported speech - এর subject "You" → "I" (speaker অনুযায়ী) বসবে।
- তারপর Tense পরিবর্তন: সাধারণত Past indefinite tense থাকলে তা Past perfect tense হয়।
- তবে, অপশন অনুযায়ী, Past tense থাকলে past-ই থাকে "Did not play" → "did not play".
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসবে।

• Structure:
- Sub + ask/asked + object (যদি থাকে) + "if" বা "whether" + Reported speech -এর subject + verb + বাকি অংশ।

৯০৬.
My teacher embodies all the good qualities. (make it passive)
  1. ক
    All the good qualities are embodied by my teacher.
  2. খ
    All the good qualities are embodied with my teacher.
  3. গ
    All the good qualities are embodied in my teacher.
  4. ঘ
    All the good qualities are embodied to my teacher.
ব্যাখ্যা

[27 BCS Preli]

• Present Indefinite Tense এর Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject এ হয়।
- am/ is/ are + মূল verb এর past participle ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে।
- Passive voice এ contain, embody, include, subsume ইত্যাদি verb এর passive form এ in বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে। 

• Active Voice: My teacher embodies all the good qualities.
• Passive Voice: All the good qualities are embodied in my teacher.

৯০৭.
Who has answered the question? (Passive)
  1. ক
    By whom has the question be answered?
  2. খ
    By whom has the question been answered?
  3. গ
    By whom has the question being answered?
  4. ঘ
    By whom has the question has been answered?
ব্যাখ্যা
• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে।
- Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসাতে হয়। 
- Object টি Subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে  be/being/been বসাতে হয়। 
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- সবার শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে। 

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
Active Voice: Who has answered the question?
Passive Voice: By whom has the question been answered?

Example:
Active Voice: Who will clean the room?
Passive Voice: By whom will the room be cleaned?

Active Voice: Who teaches the children?
Passive Voice: By whom are the children taught?

Active Voice: Who is preparing the dinner?
Passive Voice: By whom is the dinner being prepared?
৯০৮.
He said to me, 'Why have you beaten my dog?' (make it indirect).
  1. ক
    He enquired me why had I had beaten his dog
  2. খ
    He demanded me why had I beaten his dog.
  3. গ
    He demanded of me why I had beaten his dog?
  4. ঘ
    He asked me why I have had beaten his dog.
ব্যাখ্যা
• বাক্যটি দ্বারা দৃঢ় ভাবে জিজ্ঞাসা করা বোঝাচ্ছে।
- আর demand of somebody অর্থ কাউকে দৃঢ় ভাবে জিজ্ঞাসা করা।
- আর নিয়ম অনুযায়ী Present Perfect থাকলে Past Perfect হয়।
- বাক্যটিকে Assertive এ রূপান্তরিত করতে হবে এবং এ হিসেবে Auxiliary Verb - Subject এর পরে বসবে।

সে অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তর - He demanded of me why I had beaten his dog.
৯০৯.
Change the given sentence from direct to indirect speech: Saniya said to her sister, "Will you go there?"
  1. ক
    Saniya told her sister if she will go there.
  2. খ
    Saniya asked her sister if she would go there.
  3. গ
    Saniya asks her sister if she would go there.
  4. ঘ
    Saniya asked her sister if she will go there.
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct Speech: Saniya said to her sister, "Will you go there?"
Indirect Speech: Saniya asked her sister if she would go there.

• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
Sentence টি Interrogative sentence এ থাকলে,
→ Reporting verb টি  ask, inquire of, want to know, demand, wonder ইত্যাদিতে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
→ Sentence টি Interrogative এর পরিবর্তে Assertive এ পরিণত হয়।

• Interrogative sentence এ যদি W/H question word না থেকে যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তখন সেই বাক্যটিকে পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
→ Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
→ Tense অনুযায়ী ask/ inquire of বসে।
→ Object বসে (যদি থাকে)।
→ if/ whether বসে।
→ reported speech এর subject বসে।
→ reported speech এর verb বসে।
→ বাকি অংশ।

Structure: Reporting verb এর subject + Tense অনুযায়ী ask/ inquire of + Object + if/ whether + reported speech এর subject + reported speech এর verb + বাকি অংশ।

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৯১০.
You said to me, 'You are right'? Indirect form is -
  1. ক
    You told me that you were right.
  2. খ
    You told me that I am right.
  3. গ
    You told me that you are right.
  4. ঘ
    You told me that I was right.
ব্যাখ্যা
Said to থাকলে indirect speech এ told হবে এবং reporting verb এর tense কে অনুসরণ করে indirect speech এ পরিবর্তন আসবে।
এখানে তাই সঠিক indirect speech হবে - You told me that I was right.

Direct speech: You said to me, 'You are right'?
Indirect speech: You told me that I was right. 
৯১১.
The decision was made without any discussion. (Make it active)
  1. ক
    Without any discussion the decision was made.
  2. খ
    The authority made the decision without any discussion.
  3. গ
    It was the decision that made without any discussion.
  4. ঘ
    The authority had made the decision without discussion.
ব্যাখ্যা
Passive: The decision was made without any discussion.
Active: The authority made the decision without any discussion.

• Passive voice কে Active voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম: 
- Passive voice এর object‌ টি  Active Voice এর subject হয়,
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে,
- মূল verb এর base form হয়,
- Passive voice এর subject টি Active voice এর object হয়,
- তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) উঠে যায়।

• কিন্তু,  Sentence-এ ক্রিয়ার কর্তা দেয়া না থাকলে Passive থেকে Active করার সময় একটি সুবিধাজনক কর্তা ধরে নিতে হয়।
- যেমন: someone, somebody, people, We, Some people, the authority ইত্যাদি 

নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
Passive: The puzzle was solved after hours of concentration. 
Active:
- Some people climbed the mountain after days of preparation.
- Somebody climbed the mountain after days of preparation.
- We climbed the mountain after days of preparation.
৯১২.
The principal is going to conduct the meeting. (Make it passive)
  1. ক
    The meeting is going to be conducted by the principal.
  2. খ
    The meeting is going to conducted by the principal.
  3. গ
    The meeting was going to be conducted by the principal.
  4. ঘ
    The meeting is being going to be conducted by the principal.
ব্যাখ্যা

• be going to দিয়ে Active Voice থাকলে তা Passive Voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর Object টি Passive voice এর Subject হিসেবে বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
- going to এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- going to এরপর be বসে।
- মূল verb এর Past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ Object হিসেবে বসে।

• Active Voice: The principal is going to conduct the meeting.
• Passive Voice: The meeting is going to be conducted by the principal.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৯১৩.
He said, ''Good-bye my friends.'' (make it indirect)
  1. ক
    He told his friend good-bye.
  2. খ
    He bade his friends good-bye.
  3. গ
    He asked his friends good-bye.
  4. ঘ
    He says his friends good-bye.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Good bye যুক্ত Direct Speech কে Indirect করার নিয়ম:
- Structure: Reporting verb-এর Subject + bid/ bade + object + good-bye.

• Direct speech: He said, ''Good-bye my friends.''
• Indirect speech: He bade his friends good-bye.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৯১৪.
Who can avoid death? (Make it passive)
  1. ক
    ক) By whom death can be avoided?
  2. খ
    খ) Whom can death be avoided?
  3. গ
    গ) By whom can death be avoided?
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Who can be avoided by death?
ব্যাখ্যা
• Who দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া interrogative sentence কে passive করতে হলে Who এর স্থানে By whom বসে।
- এরপর বাক্যটির tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary/ be verb, তারপর subject এবং verb এর past participle রূপ এবং সবশেষে object বসবে।
- Structure: By whom + auxiliary verb + Subject + verb এর past participle রূপ + object.

 • অতএব, সঠিক উত্তর:  By whom can death be avoided?
৯১৫.
My friend said to me, "Good morning."(Change into indirect speech) 
  1. ক
    My friend said to me good morning.
  2. খ
    My friend told me good morning.
  3. গ
    My friend bade me good morning.
  4. ঘ
    My friend wished me good morning.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: My friend wished me good morning.
 -"Good morning" যুক্ত Direct Speech কে  indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার জন্য, reporting verb হিসেবে "wished" ব্যবহার করা হয়। 
 
• Direct speech এ good morning/good evening থাকলে Indirect করার নিয়ম:
- যখন direct speech-এ "Good morning", "Good night", "Happy birthday" বা এই ধরনের কোনো শুভেচ্ছা (wish) জানানো হয়, তখন reporting verb "said to" পরিবর্তন হয়ে "wished" হয়। 
- সাক্ষাৎকালীন সম্ভাষণ Good morning/Good evening ইত্যাদির ক্ষেত্রে "wish" ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Reporting verb এর subject + wished+ object + good morning/good evening.

Other options:
ক) My friend said to me good morning.
- ভুল কারণ, Good morning" যুক্ত Direct Speech কে  indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার জন্য, Reporting verb হিসেবে "said to" এর পরিবর্তে "wished" ব্যবহার করা হয়।  

খ) My friend told me good morning.
- ভুল কারণ, Good morning" যুক্ত Direct Speech কে  indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার জন্য, Reporting verb হিসেবে "said to" এর পরিবর্তে "wished" ব্যবহার করা হয়।  

গ) My friend bade me good morning.
-  ভুল কারণ, Good morning" যুক্ত Direct Speech কে  indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার জন্য, Reporting verb হিসেবে "said to" এর পরিবর্তে "wished" ব্যবহার করা হয়।  

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain

৯১৬.
'I'll have a cup of tea,' my father said, 'Because I'm not hungry.'
Which of the following sentence is the correct indirect speech?
  1. ক
    My father said that he will have a cup of tea because he wasn't hungry.
  2. খ
    My father said that he would have had a cup of tea because he wasn't hungry.
  3. গ
    My father said that he would have a cup of tea because he wasn't hungry.
  4. ঘ
    My father said that he had a cup of tea because he wasn't hungry.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct Narration এ reporting clause (my father said) ইত্যাদি, reported speech এর প্রথমে, মাঝখানে অথবা পিছনে থাকতে পারে।
- কিন্তু indirect speech এ  reporting clause সব সময় বাক্যের প্রথমে বসাতে হয়।
- Reporting verb টি past tense এ হওয়ায়, Reported speech - ও past tense এ হবে।

• Direct speech এ reporting verb past tense (said) হওয়ায়-
- Direct speech এর ‘will’ এবং ‘am’ indirect speech এ ‘would’ এবং ‘was’ এ রূপান্তরিত হবে।

• অর্থাৎ সঠিক indirect speech টি হবে-
- My father said that he would have a cup of tea because he was not hungry.
৯১৭.
They are praising themselves. (make it passive)
  1. ক
    They are praised by themselves.
  2. খ
    They are being praised by themselves.
  3. গ
    They were being praised by themselves.
  4. ঘ
    They were praised by themselves.
ব্যাখ্যা

Active: They are praising themselves.
Passive: They are being praised by themselves.
- এটি একটি Reflexive object যুক্ত বাক্য। Reflexive object গুলো হচ্ছে - Myself, Yourself, Himself, Herself, Itself, Oneself, Ourselves, Yourselves, Themselves etc.

• Reflexive object যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর Subject টি অপরিবর্তিত অবস্থায় Passive voice এর Subject হিসাবে প্রথমে বসে,
- tense ও person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে,
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে,
- Present Continuous Tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে "am/is/are+ being+ V3" ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
- by বসে+ Reflexive object টি বসে।

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

৯১৮.
Choose the correct narration- Rimu said to her mother, "I shall go to bed now."
  1. ক
    Rimu told her mother that she will go to bed now.
  2. খ
    Rimu told her mother that she will go to bed then.
  3. গ
    Rimu told her mother that she should go to bed now.
  4. ঘ
    Rimu told her mother that she would go to bed then.
ব্যাখ্যা
Indirect speech-এর নিয়মানুযায়ী Direct speech থেকে Indirect করার সময়-
- প্রথমে Reporting verb-এর Subject বসে এবং তারপর Reporting verb (say/said, tell/told) বসে (যদি থাকে)।
- তারপর যদি বাক্যটি assertive sentence হয়, তাহলে Inverted comma (" ") উঠিয়ে দিয়ে conjunction হিসেবে that বসানো হয়।
- এরপর Reported speech-এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
- Reporting verb-এর Subject বা Object-এর number (একবচন বা বহুবচন), person (first, second, third) এবং gender (male/female) অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়।
- Direct speech Shall/will থাকলে সেটি পরিবর্তিত হয়ে Would হয়।
- Now পরিবর্তিত হয়ে Then বসে।

Direct narration: Rimu said to her mother, "I shall go to bed now."
Indirect narration: Rimu told her mother that she would go to bed then.
৯১৯.
Cersei said, "Seize the traitors immediately!"
Change into indirect speech:
  1. ক
    Cersei said that the traitors should be seized immediately.
  2. খ
    Cersei advised to seize the traitors immediately.
  3. গ
    Cersei ordered them to seize the traitors immediately.
  4. ঘ
    Cersei told seize the traitors immediately.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: গ) Cersei ordered them to seize the traitors immediately.

- Cersei said, "Seize the traitors immediately!"
- মূল বাক্যটি একটি আদেশ বা নির্দেশ।
- আদেশ বোঝাতে indirect speech-এ আমরা সাধারণত "ordered," "advised," "told," ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করি, তবে অর্থের যথাযথতা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।
- Cersei ordered them to seize the traitors immediately.
- বাক্যটি পরিষ্কার এবং সঠিক গঠন অনুসারে রূপান্তরিত।
- অন্য অপশনগুলো ব্যাকরণগত বা অর্থগত ভুল রয়েছে।

- Direct Speech: Cersei said, "Seize the traitors immediately!"
- Indirect Speech: Cersei ordered them to seize the traitors immediately.

Other Options :
ক) Cersei said that the traitors should be seized immediately.
- ব্যাকরণগত ভুল।

খ) Cersei advised to seize the traitors immediately.
- "advised" এর সাথে অবজেক্ট (them) থাকা দরকার: "advised them to seize the traitors immediately" হতো সঠিক।

ঘ) Cersei told seize the traitors immediately.
- "told" এর পরে অবজেক্ট এবং infinitive দরকার: "told them to seize the traitors immediately".

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৯২০.
Jakaria said, "I must go home." (Make it indirect)
  1. ক
    Jakaria said that he must go home.
  2. খ
    Jakaria said that he shall have to go home.
  3. গ
    Jakaria said that he will have to go home.
  4. ঘ
    Jakaria said that he had to go home.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct: Jakaria said, "I must go home."
• Indirect: Jakaria said that he had to go home.

• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের বেলায়:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Direct speech এ must থাকলে Indirect speech এ had to হয়।
- to এর পর verb এর base form বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে। 

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S. M. Zakir Hussain.
৯২১.
Anas said, "I shall try my best to win." (make it indirect)
  1. ক
    Anas said that he will try his best to win.
  2. খ
    Anas requested that he would try his best to win.
  3. গ
    Anas said that he would try his best to win.
  4. ঘ
    Anas said that he would to be trying his best to win.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct Speech এ Reported Verb টি Past Tense হলে Indirect Speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Reporting Speech এর Subject বসে।
- Reporting Verb say/ said, tell/ told বসবে। (যদি থাকে)
- Inverted Comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- Reported Speech এর Subject/ Person অনুসারে পরিবর্তন হবে।
- Future Tense এর Will/ Shall এর পরিবর্তে Would ব্যবহার করা হয়।
- বাকী অংশ বসে।

Direct: Anas said, "I shall try my best to win."
Indirect: Anas said that he would try his best to win.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৯২২.
One should take care of one's health. [passive]
  1. ক
    One's health should taken care of.
  2. খ
    Health should be being taken care of.
  3. গ
    Health should be taken care of.
  4. ঘ
    Health should taken care of.
ব্যাখ্যা
• One + should যুক্ত Sentence কে passive করার নিয়ম:

- প্রথমে object টি Subject রূপে বসে,
- should be বসে,
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

Active Voice: One should take care of one's health.
Passive Voice: Health should be taken care of.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৯২৩.
Which one is the correct indirect narration? I said to her, ''Could you give me a cup of coffee?''
  1. ক
    ক) I requested her to give me a cup of coffee.
  2. খ
    খ) She requested me to give her a cup of coffee.
  3. গ
    গ) She requested me to give him a cup of coffee.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) I requested him to give me a cup of coffee.
ব্যাখ্যা
Could, would দিয়ে শুরু হলে কিছু বাক্য interrogative form না হয়ে অর্থের দিক দিয়ে imperative, তাই এটি to দ্বারা reported speech-এর অংশটুকু যুক্ত করে।
Source: Applied English Grammar and Composition by P. C. Das
৯২৪.
"He is one of the fastest runners in the tournament."
Transform into Comparative Form:
  1. ক
    He is faster than other runners in the tournament.
  2. খ
    He is faster than most other runners in the tournament.
  3. গ
    He is faster then most other runners in the tournament.
  4. ঘ
    He is faster than most other runner in the tournament.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: খ) He is faster than most other runners in the tournament.

• One of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- He is one of the fastest runners in the tournament.

- প্রথমে প্রদত্ত Sentence- এর Subject ও Verb বসে,
- One of the উঠে যায়,
- Superlative Degree-এর Comparative form বসে,
- than most other বসে,
- প্রদত্ত Sentence- এর বাকী অংশ বসে।
- He is faster than most other runners in the tournament.

Structure: Subject + Verb + Superlative Degree এর Comparative form + than most other + প্রদত্ত Sentence এর বাকী অংশ।

Other Options:
ক) He is faster than other runners in the tournament: এখানে “most” বাদ দেওয়া হয়েছে, তাই sentence full comparison বোঝাচ্ছে না। এটি ভুল।

গ) He is faster then most other runners in the tournament: “then” ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, যা ভুল। সঠিক word হলো “than”.

ঘ) He is faster than most other runner in the tournament: “runner” singular ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, কিন্তু “runners” দিয়ে plural অর্থ বুঝাবে।

৯২৫.
Father said to his son, "Do not waste your time."(make it indirect)
  1. ক
    Father said his son not to waste his time.
  2. খ
    Father advised his son not to waste his time.
  3. গ
    Father told his son not to waste his time.
  4. ঘ
    Father requested his son not to waste his time.
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct speech: Father said to his son, "Do not waste your time.
Indirect speech: Father advised his son not to waste his time.

• Imperative sentence এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম:
- Subject + request/ order/ advice/ beg/ forbid বসে।
- Object বসে।
- to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসবে।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী person পরিবর্তিত হবে।
- Reported verb টি অনুরোধ বুঝালে request, আদেশ বুঝালে order/ command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, অন্যথায় tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হবে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain

৯২৬.
Father said, 'The earth moves round the sun'. Make it indirect speech
  1. ক
    ক) Father said that the earth had moved round the sun.
  2. খ
    খ) Father said that the earth has moved round the sun.
  3. গ
    গ) Father said that the earth moved round the sun.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Father said that the earth moves round the sun.
ব্যাখ্যা
১. Reporting verb এর object উল্লেখ থাকলে said পরিবর্তিত হয়ে told হয়, আর object উল্লেখ না থাকলে said অপরিবর্তিত থাকে। 
২. Reported verb যদি universal truth হয়, তাহলে indirect speech করার সময় এর Tense পরিবর্তিত হয় না। 

তাই এখানে সঠিক indirect speech হবে - Father said that the earth moves round the sun.
৯২৭.
My friend said, "I was ill." (Make it indirect.)
  1. ক
    My friend said that he was ill.
  2. খ
    My friend said that he had been ill.
  3. গ
    My friend told that I was ill.
  4. ঘ
    My friend said that I were ill.
ব্যাখ্যা

- Correct Answer: My friend said that he had been ill.

Direct Speech: My friend said, "I was ill."
Indirect Speech: My friend said that he had been ill.

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
→ Direct speech এ said to me থাকলে indirect speech এ তা পরিবর্তিত হয়ে told হবে এবং reporting verb এর tense অনুযায়ী indirect speech এ পরিবর্তন আসবে।
→ কমার বদলে that বসবে।
→ reporting verb এবং reporting speech উভয়েই past indefinite থাকলে, indirect করার সময় reported speech কে past perfect tense এ রূপান্তরিত করতে হবে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৯২৮.
Never forget your roots. (Change the voice)
  1. ক
    Never your roots be forgotten by you.
  2. খ
    Let never your roots be forgotten.
  3. গ
    Let never your roots forgotten.
  4. ঘ
    Never lets your roots be forgotten.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• Never যুক্ত Imperative Sentence কে -
- Active Voice থেকে Passive Voice এ করার নিয়ম:
- Let + never + object + be + past participle.

Active: Never break a promise.
Passive: Let never a promise be broken.

Active: Never forget your roots.
Passive: Let never your roots be forgotten.
৯২৯.
The principal said to the children, "Do not run in the corridors." (Make it indirect)
  1. ক
    The principal forbade the children not running in the corridors.
  2. খ
    The principal forbade the children not to run in the corridors.
  3. গ
    The principal ordered the children not to run in the corridors.
  4. ঘ
    The principal advised the children not to do not to run in the corridor.
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রশ্নোল্লিখিত বাক্যটি  নিষেধ/উপদেশমূলক হওয়ায় said এর পরিবর্তে advised/forbade/ordered ব্যবহৃত হবে।
- প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যের indirect speech এ advised এবং ordered ব্যবহৃত হলে not to ব্যবহৃত হবে।
- কিন্তু forbade নিজেই না বোধক হওয়ায় এর পর not বসবে না শুধু to + verb বসবে।

• যেমন:
The principal said to the children, "Do not run in the corridors."
এর indirect speech হতে পারে।
1. The principal forbade the children to run in the corridors.
2. The principal dered/advised the children not to run in the corridors.
• যেহেতু প্রশ্নের অপশনে - The principal ordered the children not to run in the corridors. রয়েছে, তাই এটিই সঠিক উত্তর।

• আরো উদাহরণ:
• Direct speech: 'Don't waste your time' the boss said to the employees.
1- The boss ordered/advised the employees not to waste their time.
2- The boss forbade the employees to waste their time.

• Direct speech: John said to me, “Don’t conceal anything”.
- Indirect speech: John forbade me to conceal anything.

• Direct speech: My father said to me, “Do not waste your time.”
Indirect speech: My father forbade me to waste my time.

• The Teacher said to the students, “Do not make noise.”
1. The teacher ordered/advised the students not to make noise.
2. The teacher forbade the students to make noise.
৯৩০.
He said, 'How charming the sight is!' বাক্যের indirect speech হচ্ছে-
  1. ক
    He exclaimed that the sight was very charming
  2. খ
    He exclaimed that the sight was charming
  3. গ
    He exclaimed that the sight is very charming
  4. ঘ
    He exclaimed that the sight is charming
ব্যাখ্যা
→ Direct speech এ reporting verb (said) past tense এ থাকায়,
Indirect speech এ reported speech এর verb ও past tense এ থাকবে। অর্থাৎ তা was হবে।

→ Exclamatory sentence এ how থাকলে assertive sentence এ very বসে।

তাই, প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যটির সঠিক Indirect speech হচ্ছে-
He exclaimed that the sight was very charming.

More Examples:
Direct Speech: He said, "How interesting the book is!"
Indirect Speech: He exclaimed that the book was very interesting.

Direct Speech: She said, "How delicious the cake tastes!"
Indirect Speech: She exclaimed that the cake tasted very delicious.

Source: A Passage To The English Language: S. M. Zakir Hussain.
৯৩১.
The passive form of He pleases us.-
  1. ক
    We were pleased with him. 
  2. খ
    We will be pleased by him.
  3. গ
    We are pleased with him.
  4. ঘ
    We are pleased at him.
ব্যাখ্যা

• 'He pleases us' বাক্যটির সঠিক passive form: We are pleased with him.

• Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয় + Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + মূল verb এর past participle + Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to,in) বসে।

• ব্যক্তির ক্ষেত্রে with বসে আর ব্যক্তির কাজ বা বস্তুর উপরে সন্তুষ্টি বোঝাতে at বসে।
- যেহেতু প্রশ্নে ব্যক্তির উপর সন্তুষ্টি বোঝানো হয়েছে তাই pleased with বসবে।

৯৩২.
His pen has been stolen. (Active)
  1. ক
    His pen was stolen by him.
  2. খ
    They stole his pen.
  3. গ
    A thief has been stolen his pen.
  4. ঘ
    Someone has stolen his pen.
ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is - ঘ) Someone has stolen his pen.

Passive থেকে Active voice-এ রূপান্তর:
- Passive-এর object (যদি থাকে) Active-এর subject হয়।
- Passive-এর subject Active-এর object হয়।
- Verb-এর tense ঠিক রেখে Active form ব্যবহার করতে হবে। 

কোনো Passive Voice এ যদি object উহ্য থাকে (যা Active Voice-এ subject হওয়া উচিত), তবে Passive Voice-এর অর্থ অনুযায়ী যথোপযুক্ত subject বসাতে হয়।

Examples:
1. Passive: His pen has been stolen.
Active: Someone has stolen his pen.

2. Passive: He was murdered at day light.
Active: Someone murdered him at day light.

3. Passive: English is spoken all over the world.
Active: People speak English all over the world.

4. Passive: I had been invited to the party.
Active: My friend invited me to the party.

Other options
ক) His pen was stolen by him.
- এটি passive voice, tense ভুল (past simple)। 
খ) They stole his pen.
- Tense ভুল (past simple)। 
গ) A thief has been stolen his pen.
Grammar ভুল, has been stolen + subject → ঠিক নয়।

Source: Advance Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৯৩৩.
Hussain said to me, "Are you studying now?" (Make it Indirect)
  1. ক
    Hussain asked me whether I was studying now.
  2. খ
    Hussain asked me whether he was studying then.
  3. গ
    Hussain asked me whether he was studying now.
  4. ঘ
    Hussain asked me whether I was studying then.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Interrogative sentence কে direct থেকে indirect narration এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- reporting verb টি ask, demand of, enquire of, want to know, wonder এ পরিবর্তন হয়।
- Reported speech টি যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে linker হিসেবে if/whether বসবে।
- reported speech এর অন্তর্গত interrogative sentence টি WH-question word দ্বারা শুরু হয়, তাহলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে অর্থাৎ, সেই WH-question word টিই বসবে।
- direct speech এর interrogative sentence টি indirect এ Assertive sentences এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।

Direct Speech: Hussain said to me, "Are you studying now?"
Indirect Speech: Hussain asked me whether I was studying then.
৯৩৪.
Convert to indirect speech:
"What time is it?" he asked.
  1. ক
    He asked what time it was.
  2. খ
    He asked what time is it.
  3. গ
    He asked what time it is.
  4. ঘ
    He said what time it was.
ব্যাখ্যা
• সঠিক উত্তর: ক) He asked what time it was.

- এটি একটি Interrogative Sentence (WH-question).
- Direct speech: "What time is it?" he asked.
- Reporting verb: asked (past tense)
- তাই tense পরিবর্তন হবে।

- রূপান্তর নিয়ম (WH-question):
- Reporting verb → asked,
- Question form → Statement form (No question mark, word order পরিবর্তন)।
- Tense change: is → was (Present → Past).

• Other options:
খ) He asked what time is it. → Question word order থাকায় ভুল।

গ) He asked what time it is. → Tense পরিবর্তন হয়নি।

ঘ) He said what time it was. → Reporting verb "said" উপযুক্ত নয় এখানে, কারণ এটি প্রশ্ন।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৯৩৫.
Change into the indirect speech:
He said, “I will help you.”
  1. ক
    He said that I would help you.
  2. খ
    He said that he will help me.
  3. গ
    He said that he would help me.
  4. ঘ
    He said he would helped me.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: গ) He said that he would help me.

- Direct speech-এ will আছে, যা Indirect speech-এ would হয়ে যায়।
- “I” → he হয়েছে কারণ reporting verb “he said” অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়।
- “you” → me হয়েছে কারণ বলা হয়েছিল তোমাকে সাহায্য করবো - অর্থাৎ শ্রোতা হলো আমি।
- Indirect speech-এ কমা ও উক্তিচিহ্ন (quotation mark) বাদ যায় এবং that বসে।
- তাই সঠিক রূপ হলো: He said that he would help me.

Other options:
(ক) “I” ও “you” পরিবর্তন হয়নি, তাই ভুল;
(খ) “will” পরিবর্তিত হয়নি (will → would);
(ঘ) “would helped” ভুল গঠন (would + base verb হওয়া উচিত)।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৯৩৬.
He should follow the rules. (make it passive)
  1. ক
    The rules should be follow by him.
  2. খ
    The rules should been followed by him.
  3. গ
    The rules should being followed by him.
  4. ঘ
    The rules should be followed by him.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice এ Modal Auxiliary Verb থাকলে তা Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Modal Auxiliary verb গুলো হলো: Can, Could, May, Might, Will, Would, Shall, Should, Ought to, Used to, Must ইত্যাদি।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হিসেবে বসে।
- Active voice এর Modal verb টি বসে।
- be বসে।
- প্রদত্ত মুল verb এর past participle বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।

• Active Voice: He should follow the rules.
• Passive voice: The rules should be followed by him.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৯৩৭.
The teacher said to the students, "Open your books." (make it indirect)
  1. ক
    The teacher told the students open their books.
  2. খ
    The teacher ordered the students to open their books.
  3. গ
    The teacher said the students to open their books.
  4. ঘ
    The teacher requested the students opening their books.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Imperative sentence এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম:
- Subject + request/ order/ advice/ beg/ forbid বসে।
- Object বসে।
- to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসবে।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী person পরিবর্তিত হবে।
- reported verb টি অনুরোধ বুঝালে request, আদেশ বুঝালে order/ command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, অন্যথায় tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হবে।

• Direct speech: The teacher said to the students, "Open your books."
• Indirect speech: The teacher ordered the students to open their books.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৯৩৮.
Change the speech:
He said to me, "Why didn’t you call me?"
  1. ক
    He enquired of me whether I hadn’t called him.
  2. খ
    He enquired of me why I hadn’t called him.
  3. গ
    He asked me that I hadn’t called him.
  4. ঘ
    He asked me why I didn't call him.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Direct: He said to me, "Why didn’t you call me?"
- Indirect: He enquired of me why I hadn’t called him.

• WH-Question যুক্ত Direct speech -কে Indirect Speech -এ রূপান্তর নিয়ম:
- Reporting Verb হিসেবে tense অনুযায়ী ask/asked, enquire of/enquired of, want/wanted to know ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
- WH-word টি (যেমন: Why, how, what, where) অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।
- Direct speech -এর Past Indefinite tense, Past Perfect tense -এ পরিবর্তিত হবে।
- Person পরিবর্তন করতে হবে (You → I).
- Interrogative sentence টি Indirect speech - এ সবসময় assertive  sentence -এ পরিণত হবে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক Indirect speech হলো- He enquired of me why I hadn’t called him.
৯৩৯.
Munna said to Zahin, "I shall come to you tomorrow." (Make it indirect)
  1. ক
    Munna said to Zahin that he would go to him tomorrow.
  2. খ
    Munna told Zahin that he would come to him tomorrow.
  3. গ
    Munna told Zahin that he will come to him the next day.
  4. ঘ
    Munna told Zahin that he would go to him the following day.
ব্যাখ্যা

- Direct: Munna said to Zahin, "I shall come to you tomorrow."
- Indirect: Munna told Zahin that he would go to him the following day.

​• Assertive sentence -এর Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech করা নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Reporting verb-এর Subject বসে এবং তারপর Reporting verb (say/said, tell/told) বসে (যদি থাকে)।
- Reporting verb টির object থাকলে তা told -এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- তারপর Inverted comma (" ") উঠিয়ে দিয়ে conjunction হিসেবে that বসানো হয়।
- Reported speech-এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয় (I→ he)।
- Reported speech -এর shall/will থাকলে should/would -এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Direct speech -এ 'come' থাকলে Indirect speech -এ তা 'go' হয়।
- নৈকট্যবাচক শব্দ Indirect speech -এ দূরত্ববাচক শব্দে পরিবর্তিত হয় ("tomorrow" becomes "the following day")।

Other options:
ক) Munna said to Zahin that he would go to him tomorrow.
- said to না হয়ে 'told' হবে, কারণ object (Zahin) আছে। তাছাড়া tomorrow ও পরিবর্তিত হবে।

খ) Munna told Zahin that he would come to him tomorrow.
- come না হয়ে 'go' হবে, তাছাড়া tomorrow ও পরিবর্তিত হয়ে the following/next day হবে।

গ) Munna told Zahin that he will come to him the next day.
- 'will' পরিবর্তিত হয়ে would হবে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৯৪০.
Pluck me some roses. (make it passive)
  1. ক
    Let some roses be plucked by me.
  2. খ
    Let some roses be plucked for me.
  3. গ
    Let some roses be plucked to me.
  4. ঘ
    Let some roses be plucked at me.
ব্যাখ্যা

• শুধুমাত্র মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু করা Imparetive sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
 - Let দিয়ে Passive voice এর বাক্যটি শুরু হবে।
- Active voice এর object টি Passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- be বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- অনেক ক্ষেত্রে Active voice এর Verb এরপর Passive voice এ by ছাড়া অন্য preparation বসে। যেমন: to, at, on, with, for ইত্যাদি।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।

• Active voice: Pluck me some roses.
• Passive voice: Let some roses be plucked for me.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৯৪১.
Do you know them? (passive)
  1. ক
    They be known by you?
  2. খ
    Are they known to you?
  3. গ
    Are they known with you?
  4. ঘ
    Do you know to them?
ব্যাখ্যা

Active voice: Do you know them?
Passive form: Are they known to you?

• Active voice কে Passive voice- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয়,
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb,
- মূল verb এর past participle,
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to ,in) বসে।
- আর known এর পর preposition to ব্যবহৃত হয়।

৯৪২.
Helena said, "I took the laptop home with me." [make it indirect]
  1. ক
    Helena said that she took the laptop home with her.
  2. খ
    Helena said that she had taken the laptop home with her.
  3. গ
    Helena confirmed that she has taken the laptop home with her.
  4. ঘ
    Helena told that she had the laptop taken home with her
ব্যাখ্যা

[50th BCS Preli]

Direct Narration: Helena said, "I took the laptop home with me."
Indirect Narration: Helena said that she had taken the laptop home with her.

• Assertive sentence -এর Direct narration থেকে Indirect narration -এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Reporting verb -এর subject বসে।
- তারপর Reporting verb (say/said, tell/told) বসে (যদি থাকে)।
- Reporting verb - 'said to + object' থাকলে Indirect -এ 'told + object' বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- তারপর Reported speech -এর subject এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয়,
- Reported speech -এর 1st person (I) সবসময় Reporting verb -এর subject -এর number, person, ও gender অনুসারে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- যেমন: (I → she), (me → her).
- Direct speech টি- past indefinite tense (took) -এ থাকলে Indirect speech - এ, তা past perfect tense (had taken) -এ পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসে।

অন্যান্য অপশন বিশ্লেষণ:
ক) Helena said that she took the laptop home with her.
→ এটি ভুল, কারণ tense -এর পরিবর্তন হয়নি ("took" should become "had taken").

গ) Helena confirmed that she has taken the laptop home with her.
→ এটি ভুল, কারণ tense -এর ভুল পরিবর্তন হয়েছে ("has taken" না হয়ে "had taken" হবে).

ঘ) Helena told that she had the laptop taken home with her.
→  এটি ভুল, কারণ "told" সাধারণত object নেয়, এছাড়া "had the laptop taken" হলো wrong structure.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৯৪৩.
Mira ___________ that she would not come to the office next week.
  1. ক
    was asking her manager
  2. খ
    said her manager
  3. গ
    told her manager
  4. ঘ
    was telling her manager
ব্যাখ্যা
• বাক্যটি Indirect speech এ আছে।
- That এর পরের অংশে past tense থাকায় এর পূর্বের অংশের tense past tense হবে।
 - told + object এবং said to + object এভাবে বসে।
- অর্থাৎ, told এরপর to বসে না এবং said এরপর সরাসরি object আসে নাই।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী, শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - told her manager
- Complete Sentence: Mira told her manager that she would not come to the office next week.
৯৪৪.
By whom can our country be saved? (make it passive)
  1. ক
    Who will save our country?
  2. খ
    Who save our country?
  3. গ
    Who can save our country?
  4. ঘ
    Our country has been saved by who?
ব্যাখ্যা

→ (44th BCS Preli)

• Passive Voice এ By whom থাকলে Active Voice করতে হলে:
- Subject হিসেবে Who বসে।
- কোনো Modal Auxiliary থাকলে তা who এর পরে বসবে। (এখানে, can বসেছে)
- 'be' বাদ যাবে।
- বাদ যাওয়া 'be verb' যে form এ ছিল, মূল Verb- ঐ form এ বসবে।
- এখানে be verb – Base Form এ ছিল, তাই মূল verb ও base form এ বসবে। 
- Passive Voice এর Subject - Object হয়ে বসবে। 

• Active Voice: By whom can our country be saved?
• Passive Voice: Who can save our country?

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S. M. Zakir Hussain.

৯৪৫.
Atik has done the work carefully.
Make the given sentence passive.
  1. ক
    The work was done carefully by Atik.
  2. খ
    The work has done carefully by Atik.
  3. গ
    The work has been done carefully by Atik.
  4. ঘ
    The work been done carefully by Atik.
ব্যাখ্যা
Correct Answer: The work has been done carefully by Atik.

• Present Perfect Tense এর Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম-

- Object টি subject হয় +
- have been/ has been বসে+
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে+
- by বসে+ Subject এর objective form বসে।

যেমন-
Active: Atik has done the work carefully.
Passive: The work has been done carefully by Atik.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৯৪৬.
"Friends, help me.", I said to them.
  1. ক
    I asked them to help me.
  2. খ
    I requested them to help me.
  3. গ
    Addressing them friends, I asked them to help me.
  4. ঘ
    Addressing them as friends, I requested them to help me.
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• Imperative sentence এ direct speech এ কাউকে সম্বোধন করা হলে নিচের নিয়মের সাহায্যে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করতে হয়:
- Addressing বসবে
- Reporting verb এর object (যদি থাকে) 
- as বসে
- যাকে/যাদেরকে সম্বোধন করা হয়েছে সে শব্দটি বসবে
- Reporting verb এর subject বসবে
- Reporting verb বসবে
- to বসবে
- Reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসবে।

Structure: Addressing + Reporting verb এর object (যদি থাকে) + as + যাকে/যাদেরকে সম্বোধন করা হয়েছে সে শব্দটি + Reporting verb এর subject +  Reporting verb + to + Reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত।

Correct sentence: Addressing them as friends, I requested them to help me.
৯৪৭.
Farid is one of the best players in the team. (Make it positive degree)
  1. ক
    ক) Very few player in the team are as good as farid.
  2. খ
    খ) Very few players in the team is as good as farid.
  3. গ
    গ) Very few player in the team were as good as farid.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Very few players in the team are as good as farid.
ব্যাখ্যা
- উল্লেখিত প্রশ্নের positive degree হচ্ছে Very few players in the team are as good as farid.

• One of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Positive Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
প্রথমে very few + Superlative degree এর পরের অংশ + verb এর plural form + so/as + Superlative Degree এর Positive form + as + মূল sentence এর subject.
Superlative: Farid is one of the best players in the team.
Positive: Very few players in the team are as good as farid.
৯৪৮.
"May you live long," she said to him. (Indirect speech)
  1. ক
    She said that he might live long
  2. খ
    She wished that he might live long
  3. গ
    She told that he will live long
  4. ঘ
    She said to him that he should live long ​
ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer - খ) She wished that he might live long.

Indirect Speech এর ক্ষেত্রে:
​- Reported speech-এ God উল্লেখ না থাকলে এবং কোন কামনা বুঝালে তখন say বা say to এর বদলে indirect speech-এ wish ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- wish that + NP + might + V এভাবে কিংবা wish + NP এভাবে ব্যবহৃত হয়ে থাকে।
​
​Example:
- Direct: They said, "Long live our president."
- Indirect: They wished that their president might live long.
(Wish + that + NP + might + V-এভাবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।)
​
​Or, They wished their president a long life.
- তারা তাদের প্রেসিডেন্টের দীর্ঘায়ু কামনা করল।
​
Other options
ক) She said that he might live long.
“said” ব্যবহার হয়েছে, কিন্তু optative sentence-এর জন্য “wished” ব্যবহার করা উচিত।

গ) She told that he will live long.
“told” + “will” → ভুল। “told” সাধারণত কারো কাছে নির্দেশ বা তথ্য দেওয়ার জন্য, ইচ্ছা বোঝানোর জন্য নয়।

ঘ) She said to him that he should live long.
grammatically এবং প্রচলিত নয়।

​Source: A Passage To The English Language. S. M. Zakir Hussain.

৯৪৯.
Tanim said to him, "Let us forget the argument." (make it indirect)
  1. ক
    Tanim requested to him that they should forget the argument.
  2. খ
    Tanim proposed to him that they have forget the argument.
  3. গ
    Tanim said to him that they should forget the argument.
  4. ঘ
    Tanim proposed to him that they should forget the argument.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Let যুক্ত sentence এর indirect করার নিয়ম:
- Let এরপর us থাকলে indirect করার সময় reporting verb টি পরিবর্তিত হয়ে propose / suggest হয়। 
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- they/ we + should বসে।
- Reported Speech এর মুল verb থাকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
- Reporting verb এরপর Subject third person হলে that এরপরে they বসে, এবং Reporting verb এর subject first person হলে that এরপরে we বসে।

• Direct speech: Tanim said to him, "Let us forget the argument."
• Indirect speech: Tanim proposed to him that they should forget the argument.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৯৫০.
Pluck me a orchid. (Make it passive)
  1. ক
    Let a orchid be plucked by me.
  2. খ
    Let a orchid be plucked for me.
  3. গ
    Let a orchid be plucked with me.
  4. ঘ
    Let a orchid be plucked to me.
ব্যাখ্যা

• শুধুমাত্র মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু করা Imparetive sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
 - Let দিয়ে Passive voice এর বাক্যটি শুরু হবে।
- Active voice এর object টি Passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- be বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- অনেক ক্ষেত্রে Active voice এর Verb এরপর Passive voice এ by ছাড়া অন্য preparation বসে। যেমন: to, at, on, with, for ইত্যাদি।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।

• Active voice: Pluck me a orchid.
• Passive voice: Let a orchid be plucked for me.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৯৫১.
The man said to me, "Do you know me?" (indirect speech)
  1. ক
    The man asked me did I know him.
  2. খ
    The man asked me if I knew him.
  3. গ
    The man asked me do I know him.
  4. ঘ
    The man asked me if I known to him.
ব্যাখ্যা

- Direct: The man said to me, "Do you know me?"
- Indirect: The man asked me if I knew him.

• Interrogative Sentence এর Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Reporting verb - এর subject বসে এবং Reporting verb “said” - এর পরিবর্তে প্রশ্ন করা অর্থে asked/enquired of বসে।
- তারপর Reported speech টি যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে Inverted comma তুলে দিয়ে linker হিসেবে if/whether বসে।
- তারপর Reported speech - এর subject বসে।
- subject second person হলে Reporting verb - এর object অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Present indefinite tense থাকলে তা past indefinite tense -এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।

• Structure: Sub + ask/asked + object (যদি থাকে) + if/whether + Reported speech - এর subject + verb + বাকি অংশ।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৯৫২.
Which one is a correct indirect narration?
  1. ক
    ক) You told me that you would be careful.
  2. খ
    খ) You said to me that you are careful.
  3. গ
    গ) You told me that you will be careful.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) You said to me that you have been careful.
ব্যাখ্যা

- Reporting speech-এর verb (told) past form থাকলে reported speech-এর verb টিও past form -এ পরিবর্তন হয়।
- অপশন (ক)তে will-এর পরিবর্তে would হয়েছে যা সঠিক।
- বাকি তিনটি অপশনে reporting speech এর verb past form এ থাকা সত্ত্বেও that পরবর্তী verb গুলাে present form-এ আছে যা সঠিক নয়।
- সুতরাং (ক) অপশনের বাক্যটি সঠিক।

৯৫৩.
Who has broken the glasses? (Passive)
  1. ক
    By whom have the glasses been broken?
  2. খ
    Whom have broken the glasses by?
  3. গ
    By whom has the glasses broken?
  4. ঘ
    Who have been broken the glasses?
ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is - ক) By whom have the glasses been broken? 

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence Active Voice Passive Voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে+ (ii) Tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary বসে + (iii) Object টি Subject হয় + (iv) অনেক সময় tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/ being/been বসাতে হয় + ( v) মূল verb এর Past Participle বসে+ (vi) প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।
- Active: Who has broken the glasses?
- Passive: By whom have the glasses been broken?

• More example:
- Active: Who is calling me?
- Passive: By whom am I being called?

Other options:
খ) Whom have broken the glasses by? – ভুল ক্রম; passive sentence-এ “by whom” সর্বদা বাক্যের শুরুতে আসে।
গ) By whom has the glasses broken? – ভুল, কারণ subject-verb agreement ঠিক নয় (“glasses” plural → “have” ব্যবহার করতে হবে)।
ঘ) Who have been broken the glasses? – ভুল, কারণ “who” ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে এবং passive structure ঠিক নয়।

Source: Advance Learner’s English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৯৫৪.
What is the active voice of 'The cake was baked by my mother'?
  1. ক
    My mother baked the cake.
  2. খ
    My mother bakes the cake.
  3. গ
    My mother has baked the cake.
  4. ঘ
    My mother have baked the cake.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: My mother baked the cake.

• Passive Voice  থেকে Active Voice এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়মাবলি:
- Passive Voice এর Object-কে Subject এ রূপান্তর করতে হবে,
- Auxiliary verb ও 'by' বাদ দিতে হবে। Passive Voice এ ব্যবহৃত 'be' verb (is, am, are, was, were) এবং 'by' শব্দটি বাদ দিতে হবে।
- Verb-এর রূপ পরিবর্তন : Verb-এর Past Participle form-এর পরিবর্তে, Tense ও Subject অনুযায়ী মূল verb-এর সঠিক রূপ (Simple Present/Past/Future etc.) ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
- Passive Voice এর Subject-কে object এ রূপান্তর করতে হবে।
- মূল বাক্যটি Past Indefinite Tense (সাধারণ অতীতকাল) এ আছে, কারণ এখানে was এবং baked (V3) ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে।
- তাই Passive Voice  থেকে Active Voice এ পরিবর্তনের "was baked" অংশটি পরিবর্তন হয়ে মূল Verb "bake"-এর Past form বা (V2) রূপ "baked হয়ে যাবে"।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৯৫৫.
She was treating the patients. (Make it Passive)
  1. ক
    ক) The patients was treating by her.
  2. খ
    খ) The patients was being treated by her.
  3. গ
    গ) The patients were treating by her.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) The patients were being treated by her.
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি past continuous tense এ আছে। 
- এই ধরণের বাক্যকে passive করার নিয়ম - 
- প্রথমে object টি subject হিসাবে বসে
- এরপর subject and tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে
- being বসে
- এরপর মূল verb এর past participle form
- subject টি object রূপে। 
সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - The patients were being treated by her.
৯৫৬.
(Qs. 33-35): In each of the following questions, a sentence has been given in Direct Narration. Select the best one which expresses the same sentence in Indirect Narration.
Mabia said to Faria, "You are such a smart girl."
  1. ক
    Mabia told Faria that she was such a smart girl.
  2. খ
    Mabia said Faria that she had been such a smart girl.
  3. গ
    Mabia told Faria that she was smart girl.
  4. ঘ
    Mabia told Faria that I was such a smart girl.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct Narration: Mabia said to Faria, "You are such a smart girl."
• Indirect Narration: Mabia told Faria that she was such a smart girl.

• Narration -এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, Direct narration থেকে Indirect narration - এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে-
- প্রথমে Reporting verb - এর subject বসে।
- তারপর Reporting verb - say to/said to থাকলে Indirect  -এ tell/told বসে।
- Assertive sentence - এর ক্ষেত্রে Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে conjuction হিসেবে that বসে।
- তারপর Reported speech - এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয়,
- Reported speech - এর 2nd person (You) সবসময় Reporting verb - এর object - এর number, person, ও gender অনুসারে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- তারপর Direct narration - এ Reported speech -এর verb যদি present indefinite tense - এ থাকে তাহলে Indirect narration - এ past indefinite tense - এ পরিবর্তিত হয় এবং তারপর বাকি অংশ বসে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক Indirect narration টি হবে - Mabia told Faria that she was such a smart girl.

Source: A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
৯৫৭.
The teacher said, "Have you completed your assignment?" (Make it indirect speech)
  1. ক
    The teacher asked if I have completed my assignment.
  2. খ
    The teacher asked whether I had completed my assignment.
  3. গ
    The teacher asked that I had completed my assignment.
  4. ঘ
    The teacher asked if I completed my assignment.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Interrogative Sentence যুক্ত Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech করার নিয়ম:
- reporting verb এবং reporting speech উভয়েই past indefinite থাকলে, indirect করার সময় reported speech কে past perfect tense এ রূপান্তরিত করতে হবে।
- has এর past participle form 'had' বসবে। 
- verb এর V3. 
- তারপর object বসবে। 

Example:
Direct: The teacher said, "Have you completed your assignment?"
Indirect: The teacher asked whether I had completed my assignment.
৯৫৮.
Which sentence is correct?
  1. ক
    He is more good than bad.
  2. খ
    She is better than bad.
  3. গ
    He is more braver than prudent.
  4. ঘ
    She is more better than bad.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Correct sentence: He is more good than bad.
- Bangla meaning: সে খারাপের চেয়ে ভালো বেশি।

• Degree of comparison অনুযায়ী,
- একই ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর দুটি দোষ/গুণের তুলনা (compare contrasting qualities) করতে প্রথম গুণটির (adjective) পূর্বে সর্বদা more/less বসে।
- কখনোই adjective এর সাথে er বা r যুক্ত হয় না অর্থাৎ, গুণটির (adjective) comparative হয় না।
-
- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক বাক্যটি হলো- He is more good than bad.

• Other options:
খ) She is better than bad. → She is more good than bad.
- আবার আলাদা দুটি ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর দোষ/গুণের তুলনা করতে comparative form ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- যেমন: She is better than him.

গ) He is more braver than prudent. → He is more brave than prudent. 
- এক সাথে Double comparative ব্যবহৃত হয় না।

ঘ) She is more better than bad. →She is more good than bad. 
- এক সাথে Double comparative ব্যবহৃত হয় না।
৯৫৯.
The indirect from of the sentence - Farida said to her mother, ''I shall go to bed now.'' is -
  1. ক
    ক) Farida told her mother that she would go to bed then.
  2. খ
    খ) Farida told her mother that she will go to bed now.
  3. গ
    গ) Farida told her mother that she should go to bed.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Farida told her mother that she will go to bed.
ব্যাখ্যা
যদি বাক্যটি future in the past বুঝায় তখন now থাকলে তা indirect narration এ then এ রূপান্তরিত হয়। এবং Reporting verb অনুসারে reported speech পরিবর্তিত হয়।
সুতরাং, সঠিক indirect form হবে - Farida told her mother that she would go to bed then.
৯৬০.
Jamal said to Kamal, "Why have you done it?" (make it indirect.)
  1. ক
    Jamal asked Kamal why he had done it.
  2. খ
    Jamal asked Kamal why he has done it.
  3. গ
    Jamal asked Kamal why he did it.
  4. ঘ
    Jamal asked Kamal By whom was it done.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Interrogative sentence (Direct speech) কে Assertive sentence (Indirect speech)- এ রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম: 
- উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি wh question যুক্ত।
- wh question যুক্ত বাক্যের indirect speech এ 'said to' এর পরিবর্তে 'asked' বসে।
- Reported speech -এর Wh word অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে। অর্থাৎ, সেই Wh - question word টিই conjunction হিসেবে বসবে।
- তারপর Reported speech - এর subject বসবে।
- Direct speech টি- present perfect tense -এ থাকলে Indirect speech - এ, তা past perfect tense -এ পরিণত হবে।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসবে।

Direct: Jamal said to Kamal, "Why have you done it?"
Indirect: Jamal asked Kamal why he had done it.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৯৬১.
Change the following narration into indirect form:
"By God, I am telling the truth, he said."
  1. ক
    He requested that he was telling the truth.
  2. খ
    Swearing by God he said that he was telling the truth.
  3. গ
    Saying by God he was telling the truth.
  4. ঘ
    God, he said that he was telling the truth.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct: "By God, I am telling the truth, he said."
• Indirect: Swearing by God he said that he was telling the truth.

• Direct narration -এ By God, By Jove থাকলে Indirect করার নিয়ম:
- Indirect narration -এ By God, By Jove -এর পরিবর্তে Swearing by God/Jove বসে।
- অথবা  Reported speech টি 'swore' -এ পরিণত হয়।
- অন্যান্য নিয়ম অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
- Sub + reporting verb + linker (that) + reported speech পরিবর্তন।

- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক Indirect narration টি হলো- Swearing by God he said that he was telling the truth.
৯৬২.
The indirect speech of the sentence: My friend said to me,” Have you visited the museum?”
  1. ক
    My friend asked me if I have visited the museum.
  2. খ
    My friend asked me if I visited the museum.
  3. গ
    My friend asked me if had I visited the museum?
  4. ঘ
    My friend asked me if I had visited the museum.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: My friend asked me if I had visited the museum.
- Interrogative Sentence যুক্ত Direct Speech হওয়ায় একে Indirect Speech করার সময় reported speech কে present perfect tense হতে past perfect tense এ রূপান্তর করা হয়েছে।

Interrogative Sentence যুক্ত Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech করার নিয়ম:
- প্রশ্নের ক্ষেত্রে ask / enquire ব্যবহার হয়।
- reported speech auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হলে inverted কমা এর পরিবর্তে if / whether ব্যবহার হয়।
- কিন্তু 'Wh' দ্বারা শুরু হলে কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- Direct speech- এর present perfect tense সাধারণত past perfect tense-এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Subject + ask + object + if/whether + reported speech এর subject + Tense অনুসারে verb + extension.

অন্যান্য অপশন বিশ্লেষণ:
ক) My friend asked me if I have visited the museum.
→ সঠিকভাবে tense change করা হয়নি, reported speech past perfect tense হবে।

খ) My friend asked me if I visited the museum.
- সঠিকভাবে tense change করা হয়নি। Direct speech- এর present perfect tense সাধারণত indirect speech এর ক্ষেত্রে past   perfect tense-এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।

গ) My friend asked me if had I visited the museum?
- Interrogative Sentence যুক্ত Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech করার সময় reported speech কে assertive sentence এ রূপান্তর করতে হয়। এখানে reported speech টি Interrogative Sentence হওয়ায় এটি সঠিক নয়।


Source: A Passage To The English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৯৬৩.
Do not play football at noon. (Change into passive)
  1. ক
    Let not football played at noon.
  2. খ
    Let never football be played at noon.
  3. গ
    Let not football be played at noon.
  4. ঘ
    Let no football be played at noon.
ব্যাখ্যা

Active voice: Do not play football at noon.
Passive voice: Let not football be played at noon.

• Do not দিয়ে শুরু Imperative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let not বসে,
- Object টি subject রূপে বসে,
- be বসে,
- মূল Verb-এর Past Participle বসে।

Other options:
ক) Let not football be played at noon.
- ভুল,কারণ "Do not" দিয়ে শুরু Imperative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার ক্ষেত্রে "be+ মূল Verb"-এর "Past Participle" বসে।

খ) Let never football be played at noon.
- ভুল,কারণ "Do not" দিয়ে শুরু Imperative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার ক্ষেত্রে প্রথমে "Let not" বসে।

ঘ) Let no football be played at noon.
- ভুল,কারণ "Do not" দিয়ে শুরু Imperative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার ক্ষেত্রে প্রথমে Let not বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৯৬৪.
The commander said to the soldiers, "Straighten up." [change the narration]
  1. ক
    The commander commanded the soldiers to straighten up.
  2. খ
    The commander command the soldiers to straighten up.
  3. গ
    The commander told the soldiers straighten up.
  4. ঘ
    The commander said the soldiers to straighten up.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Imperative Sentence- এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb টি আদেশ বুঝালে order/command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, তা না হলে tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হয়;
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে to বসে;
- reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

Structure: Subject + request/ order/ advise/ tell + object (যদি থাকে) + to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

- Direct: The commander said to the soldiers, "Straighten up."
- Indirect: The commander commanded the soldiers to straighten up.

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৯৬৫.
'Open the door in the living room. Change the voice.
  1. ক
    Let be opened the door in the living room.
  2. খ
    Let the door in the living room should be opened.
  3. গ
    Let the door in the living room be opened.
  4. ঘ
    The door in the living room might be opened.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Imperative Sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে, 
শুধুমাত্র মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম: 
i) প্রথমে Let বসে + 
ii) Object টি Subject রূপে বসে + 
iii) be বসে + 
iv) Verb এর past participle বসে। 

Active: Open the door in the living room.
Passive: Let the door in the living room be opened.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition.
৯৬৬.
Choose the direct speech of the following sentence:
Rony said that he had done the work.
  1. ক
    Rony said, 'The work will be done by me.'
  2. খ
    Rony said, 'I do the work.'
  3. গ
    Rony said, 'I did the work.'
  4. ঘ
    Rony said, 'He did the work.'
ব্যাখ্যা
Indirect speech এ that clause টি past perfect tense এ হওয়ায় direct speech এ তা reported speech এ পরিণত হবে এবং তা past indefinite tense এ হবে।
সুতরাং, সঠিক direct speech টি হবে - Rony said, 'I did the work.'
৯৬৭.
Choose the indirect speech: He said, "Let me help you with the luggage."
  1. ক
    He suggested helping me with the luggage.
  2. খ
    He said to let him helped me with the luggage.
  3. গ
    He asked that he might be help me with the luggage.
  4. ঘ
    He offered to let him help me with the luggage.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct speech: He said, "Let me help you with the luggage."
• Indirect speech: He offered to let him help me with the luggage.

• Narration -এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
• Reported speech -এ Let + me/him/her/them/someone ইত্যাদি যুক্ত imperative sentence কে direct থেকে indirect করতে হলে:
- প্রথমে Sub + reporting verb বসে (সাধারণত indirect -এ reporting verb -এর পরিবর্তন হয় না)।
- তবে বাক্যের অর্থানুসারে wish/desire/request/offer ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করা হয়।
- এর পরে inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- তারপর পুনরায় Reporting verb -এর Sub+ may/might/might be allowed to + মূল Verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

• Structure: Sub + reporting verb + that + পুনরায় Reporting verb -এর Sub+ may/might/might be allowed to + মূল Verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
- যেমন:
- Direct: He said, "Let me have some rest."
- Indirect: He wished that he might have some rest.

• তবে কখনো কখনো সাধারণ imperative -এর নিয়মেও হয়ে থাকে।
- অর্থাৎ, Sub + অর্থানুসারে reporting verb + affirmative sentence -এর ক্ষেত্রে imperative verb -এর পূর্বে to + মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত।

• প্রশ্নে প্রদত্ত বাক্যে এই সাধারণ নিয়মটি অনুসরণ করা হয়েছে (অপশন অনুযায়ী)।
- যেমন: He offered to let him help me with the luggage.

Source:
1. Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.
2. A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
৯৬৮.
Maya said to her friend, "Let’s go to the park tomorrow." (make it indirect)
  1. ক
    Maya told her friend that they go to the park tomorrow.
  2. খ
    Maya suggested to her friend that they should go to the park the next day.
  3. গ
    Maya requested her friend that they go to the park tomorrow.
  4. ঘ
    Maya proposed to her friend that they should go to the park yesterday.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Let যুক্ত sentence এর indirect করার নিয়ম:
- Let এরপর us থাকলে indirect করার সময় reporting verb টি পরিবর্তিত হয়ে propose / suggest হয়। 
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- they/ we + should বসে।
- Reported Speech এর মুল verb থাকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
- Reporting verb এর Subject third person হলে that এরপরে they বসে, এবং Reporting verb এর subject first person হলে that এরপরে we বসে।

• Direct speech: Maya said to her friend, "Let’s go to the park tomorrow."
• Indirect speech: Maya suggested to her friend that they should go to the park the next day.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৯৬৯.
He said, "Let us try the new restaurant tonight." (Change the narration)
  1. ক
    He suggests that we should try the new restaurant tonight.
  2. খ
    He suggested that we should tried the new restaurant tonight.
  3. গ
    He suggested that we should try the new restaurant tonight.
  4. ঘ
    He suggested we should try the new restaurant tonight.
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct: He said, "Let us try the new restaurant tonight."
Indirect: He suggested that we should try the new restaurant tonight.

• Let এর ব্যবহার: 
- let যখন proposal কিংবা suggestion অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয় তখন reporting verb এ propose’ কিংবা ‘suggest’ বসে। 
- বাক্যে finite verb এর আগে Modal auxiliary ‘should’ ব্যবহৃত হয়। 
- দুইটি বাক্যকে যুক্ত করতে ‘that’ বসে।
- reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

• Example:
Direct: He said to me, “Let us go home.”
Indirect: He proposed to me that we should go home.
৯৭০.
Change into Indirect speech: She said to him, ''I will call you as soon as possible''
  1. ক
    ক) She told her that she would call him as soon as possible.
  2. খ
    খ) She told him that he would call him as soon as possible.
  3. গ
    গ) She told him that she would call him as soon as possible.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) She told him that he would call her as soon as possible
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct speech এ reporting verb past tense (said) হওয়ায়-
Direct speech এর ‘will’ এবং ‘am’ indirect speech এ ‘would’ এবং ‘was’ এ রূপান্তরিত হবে।
অর্থাৎ সঠিক indirect speech টি হবে-
She told him that she would call him as soon as possible

৯৭১.
Turn into indirect narration: I asked, 'Whose picture is it?'
  1. ক
    ক) I asked which picture it was
  2. খ
    খ) I asked whose picture it was
  3. গ
    গ) I asked to which is the picture
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) I asked whose the picture is
ব্যাখ্যা

-Interrogative Sentence -এর ক্ষেত্রে Reported Speech যদি Wh question দ্বারা আরম্ভ হয় তাহলে if/whether না বসে ঐ শব্দটিই বসে৷
-এবং বাক্যে asked শব্দটি Past Tense এ হওয়ায় বাকি অংশ Past Tense এ হবে।

-তাই প্রদত্ত বাক্যের সঠিক indirect form হবে: I asked whose picture it was.

৯৭২.
Direct speech is-
  1. ক
    ক) the reporting of speech by rephrasing what the speaker said.
  2. খ
    খ) the reporting of speech by using similar words to the speaker.
  3. গ
    গ) the reporting of speech at the exact time it was said.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) the reporting of speech by repeating the exact words of the speaker.
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct speech/narration- বক্তার কথাকে হুবহু বর্ণনা করা।
Indirect speech/narration- বক্তার কথাকে হুবহু বর্ণনা না করে একটু পরিবর্তন করা।
৯৭৩.
Tamima said, “Goodbye my friends.”(Make it indirect)
  1. ক
    Tamima said goodbye to her friends.
  2. খ
    Tamima said that goodbye friends.
  3. গ
    Tamima bade her friends goodbye.
  4. ঘ
    Tamima told her friends goodbye.
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct speech এ Goodbye থাকলে Indirect করার সময় bid/ bade হবে।
Structure: Subject + bid/ bade + object + good-bye.

• তাই সঠিক উত্তর Tamima bade her friends goodbye হবে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৯৭৪.
Alex said to me, "I had finished the report before the deadline."(Make it Indirect)
  1. ক
    Alex said to me that he had been finished the report before the deadline.
  2. খ
    Alex said that he had finished the report before the deadline.
  3. গ
    Alex told me that he had finished the report before the deadline.
  4. ঘ
    Alex told to me that he had finishing the report before the deadline.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ ক্ষেত্রে:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject number/person অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।

- যদি reported speech যদি had + verb এর past participle হয় তাহলে  Indirect করার সময় Verb এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- অর্থাৎ, had + V3 এর পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- said to me এর পরিবর্তে told me হয়।
- বাকি অংশ বসে।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
Direct: Alex said to me, "I had finished the report before the deadline."
Indirect: Alex told me that he had finished the report before the deadline.
৯৭৫.
The news shocked him. (make it passive)
  1. ক
    He was shocked by the news.
  2. খ
    He was shocked to the news.
  3. গ
    He is shocked to hear the news.
  4. ঘ
    He was shocked at the news.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Past indefinite tense এর ক্ষেত্রে Active voice থেকে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি Passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- Subject অনুযায়ী was/ were বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- অনেক ক্ষেত্রে Active voice এর subject কে object করার সময় by ছাড়া অন্য preparation বসে। যেমন: to, at, on, with, for ইত্যাদি।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।

• Active voice: The news shocked him.
• Passive voice: He was shocked at the news.

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

৯৭৬.
He said to me, "How happy you are!" Find out the indirect narration-
  1. ক
    He told me that I was very happy.
  2. খ
    He told me I were happy.
  3. গ
    He told me that he was happy.
  4. ঘ
    He told me how I was happy.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct: He said to me, "How happy you are!"
• Indirect: He told me that I was very happy.

Indirect Speech এর নিয়ম: [Exclamatory sentence]

- Reporting verb পরিবর্তন: "said to" → "told" (অথবা "exclaimed with joy").
- 'How' উঠে যায় এবং "that" বসে।
- "very" বা "great" যোগ হয় বিস্ময় প্রকাশ করতে।
- Pronoun পরিবর্তন: "you" → "I" (কারণ "me" কে সম্বোধন করা হয়েছিল)।
- Tense পরিবর্তন: "are" → "was" (Reporting verb past tense থাকায়)।
- বিস্ময়সূচক চিহ্ন (!) উঠে যায়।
 

অন্য অপশনগুলো কেন ভুল:

খ) He told me I were happy - "were" ভুল (হবে "was"), এবং "very" নেই।

গ) He told me that he was happy - Pronoun ভুল; "I" হবে, "he" নয়।

ঘ) He told me how I was happy - Indirect speech-এ "how" থাকতে পারে না।

৯৭৭.
Which one is the correct indirect narration of "He says, 'I am learning French.'"?
  1. ক
    He says that he learned French.
  2. খ
    He says that he learns French.
  3. গ
    He said that he is learning French.
  4. ঘ
    He says that he is learning French.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: ঘ) He says that he is learning French.

• Direct speech: "He says, "I am learning French."
• Indirect speech: He says that he is learning French.

Direct speech এর reporting verb যদি present tense, present perfect tense, বা future tense থাকে,
তবে reported speech এর verb এর tense পরিবর্তন হয় না।
কেবল person পরিবর্তিত হয়,
অর্থাৎ, 1st person (I, we) থাকলে Subject অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়। 

উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নে Reporting verb "says" এখানে present tense এ আছে।
যেহেতু reported speech-এ verb এর tense পরিবর্তন হবে না, তাই "am learning" এর পরিবর্তে "is learning" থাকবে,
কারণ subject he (3rd person) এবং present continuous tense-এ রয়েছে।
"that" যোগ করা হয় inverted comma (") বাদ দিয়ে।
তাহলে, "He says, 'I am learning French.' -এর Indirect Speech হবে: "He says that he is learning French."

অন্য অপশনগুলো:
ক) He says that he learned French. - ভুল কারণ am learning (Present Continuous) কে learned (Past Indefinite) এ পরিবর্তন করা হয়েছে।
খ) He says that he learns French. - ভুল কারণ tense পরিবর্তন হয়ে গেছে।
গ) He said that he is learning French.  - ভুল কারণ reporting verb said (Past tense) হয়ে গেছে, অথচ মূল বাক্যে says ছিল।

Examples:
Direct: He says, "I am ill."
Indirect: He says that he is ill.

৯৭৮.
He said, 'Let me have some water.' (Make it indirect)
  1. ক
    He said that he wanted some water.
  2. খ
    He demanded that he might have some water.
  3. গ
    He wished that he might have some water.
  4. ঘ
    He wished that he can have some water.
ব্যাখ্যা
সঠিক indirect বাক্যটি হবে - He wished that he might have some water.
• Let me/him/her থাকলে Indirect Structure:
- Subject + Reporting verb + that + Subject + might/might be allowed to + v1 + (told/requested/desired/wished)
৯৭৯.
Change the voice: "The novel was acclaimed as a masterpiece."
  1. ক
    We acclaimed the novel as masterpiece.
  2. খ
    The novel was acclaimed as a masterpiece.
  3. গ
    The novel was being acclaimed as a masterpiece.
  4. ঘ
    People acclaimed the novel as a masterpiece.
ব্যাখ্যা
Passive Voice: The novel was acclaimed as a masterpiece.
Active Voice: People acclaimed the novel as a masterpiece.

• আমজনতার সাথে Related কাজ হলে Subject হিসেবে People বসাতে হবে।
→ প্রথমে People বসাতে হবে।
→ মূল Verb এর ঠিক আগের 'be' Verb 'was' বাদ যাবে।
→ মূল Verb এর ঠিক আগের 'be' Verb এর গঠন অনুযায়ী মূল Verb বসবে।
→  Subject টি Object হবে।
→ বাকি অংশ বসবে।

More Example:
Passive Voice: He was called wise.
Active Voice: People called him wise.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৯৮০.
Baelish said, “Long live King Joffrey!” (Change the narration.)
  1. ক
    Baelish said that King Joffrey to live long. 
  2. খ
    Baelish wished the king, Joffrey, live long. 
  3. গ
    Baelish wished that King Joffrey might live long. 
  4. ঘ
    Baelish might wished that King Joffrey to live long. 
  5. ঙ
    None
ব্যাখ্যা

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Optative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে, Optative Sentence এর Direct form কে Indirect form এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- said এর পরিবর্তে wished / prayed বসবে।
- inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসবে।
- reported speech এর subject বসে + may/ might বসে
- reported verb এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত অংশ বসে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Direct Narration: Baelish said, “Long live King Joffrey!”
- Indirect Narration: Baelish wished that King Joffrey might live long.

More Examples:
- Direct Narration: He said, “Long live our unity!”
- Indirect Narration: He wished that their unity might live long.

৯৮১.
One should take care of one's health. (make it passive)
  1. ক
    One's health have been taken care of by one.
  2. খ
    Health should be taken care of.
  3. গ
    Someone should be taken care of.
  4. ঘ
    You are requested to taken care of.
ব্যাখ্যা

• One + should যুক্ত sentence কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- One's বাদ দিয়ে one's এর সাথের Object টি subject হিসেবে Passive voice- এ বসে।
- Should এর জন্য Should be বসে।
- verb এর past participle বসে।

• Active voice: One should take care of one's health.
• Passive voice: Health should be taken care of.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৯৮২.
He said to me, “Where did you live in?” (Make it indirect)
  1. ক
    ক) He asked me where I did live in.
  2. খ
    খ) He asked me where had I lived in.
  3. গ
    গ) He asked me where I had lived in.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) He asked me where I lived in.
ব্যাখ্যা
Reported Speech- Interrogative Sentence হলে Reporting Verb – ask/ inquire হয়।
Reporting Verb – Past Tense হলে এবং Reported Speech – Past Indefinite Tense হলে 
তা Past Perfect Tense এ রূপান্তরিত হয়।
Indirect Narration এ সব ধরনের Sentence - Assertive Sentence আকারে বসে, অর্থাৎ Auxiliary Verb – Subject এর পরে বসে।
উপরের তিনটি কাজ বিবেচনায় সঠিক উত্তর (গ)। 
৯৮৩.
He asked me if I had ever been to kuakata. (Make it direct)
  1. ক
    He said to me, “Did you ever been to Kuakata?”
  2. খ
    He said to me, “Have you ever been to Kuakata?”
  3. গ
    He said to me, “Do you ever been to Kuakata?”
  4. ঘ
    He said to me, “If you have ever went to Kuakata?”
ব্যাখ্যা
• Indirect Narration এ Past Perfect থাকলে তিনটি Tense হওয়ার সম্ভাবনা আছে। যথা-
- Present Perfect
- Past Indefinite
- Past Perfect

• যেহেতু এখানে ever (কখনো) উল্লেখ করা আছে, তাই এটা Present Perfect Tense হওয়াই বাঞ্ছনীয়।
- ‘ever’ adverb টি থাকলে সেই sentence টি সাধারনতঃ Present Perfect tense হয়।
- তাই সঠিক direct form হবে - গ) He said to me, “Have you ever been to Kuakata?”
৯৮৪.
One should follow the rules of the road. (make it passive)
  1. ক
    The rules of the road should have followed.
  2. খ
    The rules of the road should followed by one.
  3. গ
    The rules of the road should be followed.
  4. ঘ
    The rules of the road should be being followed.
ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: One should follow the rules of the road.
Passive Voice: The rules of the road should be followed.

• One + should যুক্ত Sentence কে passive করার নিয়ম:
1. প্রথমে object টি Subject রূপে বসে, অর্থাৎ, Active voice-এর object-কে passive voice-এর subject হিসেবে ব্যবহার করা হয়।
2. Active voice-এর "One" উঠিয়ে দেওয়া হয়।
3. should be + মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

Other options:
ক) The rules of the road should have followed.
- ভুল কারণ, One + should যুক্ত Sentence কে passive করার ক্ষেত্রে should be + মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

খ) The rules of the road should followed by one.
- ভুল কারণ, One + should যুক্ত Sentence কে passive করার ক্ষেত্রে Active voice-এর "One" উঠিয়ে দেওয়া হয়। আর should এর পর be হবে।

ঘ) The rules of the road should be being followed.
- ভুল কারণ, One + should যুক্ত Sentence কে passive করার ক্ষেত্রে should be + মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৯৮৫.
Karim said, "I shall go to school." (make it indirect)
  1. ক
    Karim said that he would be going to school.
  2. খ
    Karim said that he will go to school.
  3. গ
    Karim requested that he would go to school.
  4. ঘ
    Karim said that he would go to school.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct Speech এ Reported Verb টি Past Tense হলে Indirect Speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Reporting Speech এর Subject বসে।
- Reporting Verb say/said, tell/told বসবে। (যদি থাকে)
- Inverted Comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- Reported Speech এর Subject/ Person অনুসারে পরিবর্তন হবে।
- Future Tense এর Will/Shall এর পরিবর্তে Would ব্যবহার করা হয়।
- বাকী অংশ বসে।

• Direct speech: Karim said, "I shall go to school."
• Indirect speech: Karim said that he would go to school.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৯৮৬.
It is impossible to do this. - Change the voice.
  1. ক
    This can't be done.
  2. খ
    This is must be done.
  3. গ
    This is impossible to be done.
  4. ঘ
    Doing this is impossible.
ব্যাখ্যা
• এই কাঠামো যুক্ত passive voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে সাধারণ নিয়ম ব্যবহার করা হয় না। 
- এগুলো একটু ব্যতিক্রম নিয়মে passive voice করতে হয়।

• এটা ভাবার্থের বিচারে Passive Voice করতে হবে। 
- This is impossible to be done. সঠিক মনে হলেও সঠিক নয়। 
- কারণ নিয়মানুযায়ী Adjective (Impossible) এর পর Passive Form এ কখনো infinitive to বসে না।
- তাই This is impossible to be done - উত্তর হবে না।

- তাই সঠিক উত্তর হবে - This can't be done.
৯৮৭.
Passive Voice of 'They held a meeting very early'.
  1. ক
    A meeting is held by them very early.
  2. খ
    A meeting will be held by them very early.
  3. গ
    A meeting was hold by them very early.
  4. ঘ
    A meeting was held by them very early.
ব্যাখ্যা
• They held a meeting very early. - এই বাক্যকে passive করতে হলে নিচের structure follow করতে হবে:

- subject কে object করতে হবে,
- was/were বসবে,
- verb এর past participle বসবে, 
- by বসবে,
- Object কে subject + extension.

সে অনুসারে এর সঠিক passive form হবে - A meeting was held by them very early.
৯৮৮.
'I'll have a cup of tea,'my father said,'Because I'm not hungry.' Which of the following sentence is the correct indirect speech?
  1. ক
    ক) My father said that he will have a cup of tea because he wasn't hungry.
  2. খ
    খ) My father said that he would have had a cup of tea because he wasn't hungry.
  3. গ
    গ) My father said that he would have a cup of tea because he wasn't hungry.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) My father said that he had a cup of tea because he wasn't hungry.
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct speech এ reporting verb past tense (said) হওয়ায়-
Direct speech এর ‘will’ এবং ‘am’ indirect speech এ ‘would’ এবং ‘was’ এ রূপান্তরিত হবে।
অর্থ্যাৎ সঠিক indirect speech টি হবে-
My father said that he would have a cup of tea because he was not hungry.
৯৮৯.
The doctor suggested reducing sugar intake. (passive)
  1. ক
    The doctor suggested that sugar intaked should be reduced.
  2. খ
    The doctor suggested sugar intake should be reduced.
  3. গ
    The doctor suggested that sugar intake should reduced.
  4. ঘ
    The doctor suggested that sugar intake should be reduced.
ব্যাখ্যা
• advice/ insist/ propose/ recommend/ suggest + gerund + object যুক্ত active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম: 
- প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- that বসে, 
- gerund এর পরের object টি বসে, 
- should be বসে, 
- প্রদত্ত gerund টি verb এ রূপান্তরিত হয়ে তার past participle হয়।

Active: Roman suggested giving up smoking. 
Passive: Roman suggested that smoking should be given up.

Active: The doctor suggested reducing sugar intake.
Passive: The doctor suggested that sugar intake should be reduced.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৯৯০.
No other festival in Bangladesh is as attractive as Pahela Baishakh. (Make it Superlative)
  1. ক
    ক) Pahela Baishakh is the most attractive festival in Bangladesh.
  2. খ
    খ) Pahela Baishakh is one of the attractive festivals in Bangladesh.
  3. গ
    গ) Pahela Baishakh is one of the most attractive festivals in Bangladesh.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) No other festival in Bangladesh is as attractive the Pahela Baishakh.
ব্যাখ্যা
• No other যুক্ত positive sentence কে Superlative করতে হলে - 
- শেষের subject প্রথমে
- এরপর verb 
- the
- Positive এর superlative form বসাতে হয়।
- no other এর পরের অংশ।
সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - Pahela Baishakh is the most attractive festival in Bangladesh.
- এখানে attractive এর superlative হচ্ছে most attractive.
৯৯১.
Which is the correct active form of the sentence "His laptop has been stolen from the library"?
  1. ক
    Someone steals his laptop from the library.
  2. খ
    Someone stole his laptop from the library.
  3. গ
    Someone has stolen his laptop from the library.
  4. ঘ
    Someone had stolen his laptop from the library.
ব্যাখ্যা
• বাক্যে ক্রিয়ার কর্তা উহ্য থাকলে passive থেকে active করার সময় একটি কর্তা যেমন: Someone, Somebody, People, The authority ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
- Steal এর Past Participle Form- stolen.
- Someone/ Somebody এর সাথে has বসে।

Active Voice: His laptop has been stolen from the library.
Passive Voice: Someone has stolen his laptop from the library.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৯৯২.
What is missing in the sentence that follows?
Mai said ''My family is going to the market today.''
  1. ক
    ক) ,
  2. খ
    খ) ?
  3. গ
    গ) !
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) .
ব্যাখ্যা
direct narration এ reporting speech এর পরে কমা দিতে হয়। কিন্তু উপরের বাক্যে তা নাই। তাই উত্তর হবে a.
৯৯৩.
Change into passive voice: My mom gave me a car for my birthday.
  1. ক
    I was being given a car by my mom for my birthday.
  2. খ
    I was given a car by my mom for my birthday.
  3. গ
    I had been given a car by my mom for my birthday. 
  4. ঘ
    A car had been given to me by my mom for my birthday.
ব্যাখ্যা

Passive Voice: I was given a car by my mom for my birthday.

- এটি একটি Double object যুক্ত active voice.
- দুটি object এর মধ্যে যেকোন একটিকে Subject হিসেবে ধরে একে Passive voice এ   রূপান্তর করতে হবে।
- তাই নিম্নোক্ত দুইভাবে প্রদত্ত Active voice টিকে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তর করা যায়।
 - I was given a car by my mom for my birthday. Or
- A car was given to me by my mom for my birthday.

Double object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- দুইটা object এর যে কোন একটি subject করতে হয়,
- tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসাতে হয়,
- verb এর past participle form + by বসবে,
- active voice এর subject টি object রুপে বসে,
- প্রদত্ত বাকি object টি বসে।

Other Options:
ক) I was being given a car by my mom for my birthday.
- Active Voice টি simple past tense এ হওয়ায় এখানে Auxiliary verb 'was being' এর পরিবর্তে শুধু was+ verb এর Past Participle বসবে।

গ) I had been given a car by my mom for my birthday.  
- Active Voice টি simple past tense এ হওয়ায় এখানে Auxiliary verb 'had been' এর পরিবর্তে শুধু was+ verb এর Past Participle বসবে।

ঘ) A car had been given to me by my mom for my birthday.
- Active Voice টি simple past tense এ হওয়ায় এখানে Auxiliary verb 'had been' এর পরিবর্তে শুধু was+ verb এর Past Participle  বসবে।

Source: A Passage To The English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৯৯৪.
The indirect speech of -
She said, 'We must go.'
  1. ক
    She told that we should go.
  2. খ
    She said that we have to go.
  3. গ
    She said that they must be gone.
  4. ঘ
    She said that they had to go.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Must, ought to, should - এর মতন modal Auxiliary গুলির
- direct speech থেকে indirect speech এ পরিবর্তন করার সময় এদের কোনো পরিবর্তন হয়না
- যদিও কখনো কখনো must এর জায়গায় had to বসে
- এবং should এর জায়গায় subject এর person পরিবর্তন অনুযায়ী would বসে। যেমন:
- She said, ''We must go.'' (Direct)
- She said that they had to go. (Indirect)

• Nasif said to me, ''I should be grateful if you help me.''
- Nasif told me that he would be grateful if I helped him.

- কিন্তু 'উচিত' অর্থে should এর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয়না। যেমন: 
• Jim said to him, you ''should be more careful.''
- Jim told him that he should be more careful.

Source: Applied English Grammar and Composition. PC Das
৯৯৫.
Identify the correct sentence:
  1. ক
    By whom was the vase on the shelf broken?
  2. খ
    By who was the vase on the shelf been broken?
  3. গ
    By whom the vase was on the shelf broken?
  4. ঘ
    By who the vase on the shelf been broken?
ব্যাখ্যা
• সঠিক উত্তর টি হবে - By whom was the vase on the shelf broken?
- বাক্যটি Passive voice এ আছে এবং By whom যোগে গঠিত হয়েছে।
 
• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence কে Active Voice থেকে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে By whom হবে।
- Tense অনুসারে Verb এর পরিবর্তন হবে।
- প্রশ্ন প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি past indefinite tense এ রয়েছে।
• Structure: By whom + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + obj + be + verb এর পর past particle + extension.
৯৯৬.
She said to him, 'Are you an engineer'? Its indirect speech is:
  1. ক
    She asked him that he was an engineer.
  2. খ
    She said to him that he was an engineer.
  3. গ
    She asked him if he was an engineer.
  4. ঘ
    She said to him if he was an engineer.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Interrogative sentence কে direct থেকে indirect Narration- এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb টি ask, demand of, enquire of, want to know, wonder এ পরিবর্তন হয়।
- Reported speech টি যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে linker হিসেবে if/ whether বসবে।
- Reported speech এর অন্তর্গত interrogative sentence টি WH-question word দ্বারা শুরু হয়, তাহলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে অর্থাৎ সেই WH-question word টিই বসবে।
-  Direct speech এর interrogative sentence টি indirect- এ Assertive sentences- এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- সংক্ষেপে, Subject + asked + object + wh word + reported speech এর subject + verb + বাকী অংশ।

Direct: She said to him, 'Are you an engineer'?
Indirect: She asked him if he was an engineer.
৯৯৭.
The Padma is one of the biggest rivers in Bangladesh. (Positive)
  1. ক
    ক) Very few river in Bangladesh is as big as the Padma.
  2. খ
    খ) Very few rivers in Bangladesh are as big as the Padma.
  3. গ
    গ) No other river in Bangladesh is as big as the Padma.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) No other rivers in Bangladesh is as big as the Padma.
ব্যাখ্যা
Superlative degree তে one of the থাকলে Positive degree তে very few হয়। Very few + plural noun + plural verb + as + positive degree + as + subject.
৯৯৮.
They named their daughter Putul. (make it passive)
  1. ক
    Their daughter were named Putul by them.
  2. খ
    Their daughter was name Putul by them.
  3. গ
    Their daughter was named Putul by them.
  4. ঘ
    Their daughter were name Putul by them.
ব্যাখ্যা

Active: They named their daughter Putul.
Passive: Their daughter was named Putul by them.

• Factitive object, Select, elect, nominate, make, call, name ইত্যাদি transitive verb গুলোর object থাকা সত্ত্বেও সম্পূর্ণরূপে অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে পারে না। পরিপূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করার জন্য অতিরিক্ত object আনতে হয়। এইরূপ অতিরিক্ত object কে Factitive object বলে।

• Factitive object/complementary object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Pronominal object-টি(me, us, you, them, him, her) / নামবাচক object টি Subject হয়,
- tense ও person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে,
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে,
- Factitive object টি বসে,
- by বসে,
- Subject টির objective form বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৯৯৯.
Which one is the correct passive form of ‘Who gave you this pen.’?
  1. ক
    ক) By whom have you been given this pen?
  2. খ
    খ) By Whom were you got this pen?
  3. গ
    গ) By whom were you given this pen?
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) By whom was you given this pen?
ব্যাখ্যা
Who দ্বারা শুরু হওয়া বাক্যের passive form এর শুরু হয় By whom দ্বারা এরপর auxiliary verb + sub + verb এর past participle + extension.
সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক বাক্য হবে - By whom were you given this pen?
১,০০০.
Do not disturb the teacher. [passive]
  1. ক
    Let not the teacher be disturbed.
  2. খ
    Let the teacher be disturbed.
  3. গ
    Let not the teacher to be disturbed.
  4. ঘ
    Let not the teacher being disturbed.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Do not দিয়ে শুরু যুক্ত Imperative Sentence কে Passive Voice করতে হলে – 
i) বাক্যের শুরুতে Let বসে। 
ii) Active Voice এ Do not থাকলে Passive Voice এ শুধু not বসে।
iii) Active Voice এর Object – Subject এর স্থানে বসে।
iv) be বসে।
v) মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

Active: Do not disturb the teacher.
Passive: Let not the teacher be disturbed.