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স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য)

মোট প্রশ্ন৪,২৮৫এই পাতা১০০প্রতি পাতা১০০
প্রশ্ন দেখুনঅনুশীলন
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য)

PrepBank · পাতা ২৯ / ৪৩ · ২,৮০১–২,৯০০ / ৪,২৮৫

২,৮০১.
Which of the following causes increased aldosterone secretion?
  1. ক
    ক) Decreased blood volume
  2. খ
    খ) Administration of an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
  3. গ
    গ) Hyperosmolarity
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Hypokalemia
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation-
★ Decreased blood volume stimulates the secretion of renin (because of decreased renal perfusion pressure) and initiates the renin–angiotensinaldosterone cascade. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the cascade by decreasing the production of angiotensin II. Hyperosmolarity stimulates antidiuretic hormone (ADH) [not aldosterone] secretion. Hyperkalemia, not hypokalemia, directly stimulates aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex.
Reference-Ganong physiology/26th/P-348/T-20.6 & BRS physiology/6th/P-244
২,৮০২.
GH causes following ion retention
  1. ক
    Na
  2. খ
    K
  3. গ
    Cl
  4. ঘ
    Mg
২,৮০৩.
Function of IL-8-
  1. ক
    Activate vascular endothelium
  2. খ
    Stimulate the acute phase response
  3. গ
    Stimulate monocyte chemotaxis
  4. ঘ
    Stimulate neutrophil maturation and chemotaxis
২,৮০৪.
NS is associated with daily loss of------------protein
  1. ক
    2.5 gm
  2. খ
    3.5gm
  3. গ
    1.5gm
  4. ঘ
    4 gm
ব্যাখ্যা
1.
Massive proteinuria, with the daily loss of 3.5 gm or more of protein (less in children)
2.
Hypoalbuminemia, with plasma albumin levels  less than 3 gm/dL
3.
Generalized edema
4.
Hyperlipidemia and lipiduria
২,৮০৫.
Base of the heart is formed by
  1. ক
    ক) Left ventricle
  2. খ
    খ) The two atria
  3. গ
    গ) Right atrium
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) The two ventricles
ব্যাখ্যা
Base of the heart is formed by The two atria
২,৮০৬.
Which is not Targets for antiphospholipid antibodies
  1. ক
    β2 -glycoprotein 1
  2. খ
    Protein C
  3. গ
    Annexin V
  4. ঘ
    Albumin
ব্যাখ্যা
Targets for antiphospholipid antibodies
 β2 -glycoprotein 1
 Protein C  Annexin V  Prothrombin (may result in haemorrhagic presentation)
২,৮০৭.
Substances that freely filtered but not reabsorbed by the kidney -
  1. ক
    ক) Urea
  2. খ
    খ) Glucose
  3. গ
    গ) Bicarbonate
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Inulin
ব্যাখ্যা
That is why inulin clearance is used for measurement of GFR.
২,৮০৮.
Genotype for AB blood group
  1. ক
    ক) OA
  2. খ
    খ) OB
  3. গ
    গ) AB
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) OAB
২,৮০৯.
Humoral immunity is mediated by which of the following cell?
  1. ক
    ক) T lymphocyte
  2. খ
    খ) B lymphocyte
  3. গ
    গ) Neutrophil
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Eosinophil
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Humoral immunity is mediated by B lymphocytes, which differentiate from haematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow.
২,৮১০.
A body is brought in with extensive electrical burns. The medical officer identifies suspicious injuries suggesting electrocution. What is the proper next step?
  1. ক
    Refer to hospital mortuary technician
  2. খ
    Declare death as natural
  3. গ
    Delay postmortem till family consents
  4. ঘ
    Conduct medico-legal autopsy with police requisition
ব্যাখ্যা
The officer in charge of a police station, or any officer empowered by him (usually not a sub-inspector), conducts the inquest. The police officer making the inquest is known as the Investigating Officer (I.O.). When the officer in charge of a police station receives information of unnatural, suspicious, or death due to any criminal act, he immediately gives intimation about it to the nearest executive magistrate empowered to hold inquest and proceeds to the place where the body of such deceased person is.
২,৮১১.
Pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome -
  1. ক
    Derangement in glomerular capillary walls
  2. খ
    Defect in renal tubules
  3. গ
    Chronic persistant nephropathy
  4. ঘ
    Prolonged pressure in renal tract
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome -
Caused by a derangement in glomerular capillary walls resulting in increased permeability to plasma proteins
২,৮১২.
Sign of portal hypertension -
  1. ক
    Splenomegaly
  2. খ
    Testicular atrophy
  3. গ
    Hepatic coma
  4. ঘ
    Polyuria
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Signs of portal hypertension -
Ascites
Yellowing of the skin
Easy bruising 
Enlarged spleen
Varices
Arterial hypotension
Caput medusae
Edema of the legs
২,৮১৩.
Regarding G2 phase which one is correct?
  1. ক
    ক) Cells synthesize RNA and protein essential to DNA replication
  2. খ
    খ) Energy for mitosis is stored
  3. গ
    গ) Amount of DNA is doubled
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Longest phase
ব্যাখ্যা

-Cells synthesize RNA and protein essential to cell division.
-Amount of DNA is doubled during S phase
-Longest phase-G1
-Daughter cells formed during mitosis enter G1 phase

২,৮১৪.
Lesion in the basal ganglia is not associated with-
  1. ক
    Parkinson's disease
  2. খ
    Huntington's disease
  3. গ
    Chorea
  4. ঘ
    Difficulty in speech
২,৮১৫.
A patient with obesity (BMI 38) and obstructive sleep apnea is considering bariatric surgery. Which of the following is the most appropriate long-term monitoring?
  1. ক
    Serum folate
  2. খ
    Vitamin B12 and iron
  3. গ
    Vitamin A
  4. ঘ
    Zinc
ব্যাখ্যা
Post-bariatric surgery, malabsorption of B12, iron, calcium, and vitamin D is common due to reduced gastric acid/intrinsic factor.
২,৮১৬.
Structural and functional unit of nervous system
  1. ক
    ক) Neurotransmitter
  2. খ
    খ) Neuron
  3. গ
    গ) Neuroglial cell
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Nerve fiber
ব্যাখ্যা
Please Don’t Ask for Explanation! Hahaa
২,৮১৭.
Which of the following is the most common infecting agent causing Community-acquired pneumonia?
  1. ক
    ক) Streptococcus pneumoniae
  2. খ
    খ) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  3. গ
    গ) Legionella pneumophila
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Chlamydia pneumonia
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
২,৮১৮.
Compound acinar gland is present in
  1. ক
    ক) Sweat glands
  2. খ
    খ) Sebaceous gland
  3. গ
    গ) Salivary gland
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Exocrine pancreas
২,৮১৯.
Pre renal cause of AKI
  1. ক
    ক) Sepsis
  2. খ
    খ) Glomerulonephritis
  3. গ
    গ) Small vessel vasculitis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Phimosis
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Davidson 23rd; P-411
২,৮২০.
Most common joint involved in osteoarthritis -
  1. ক
    Knee
  2. খ
    Lower lumber
  3. গ
    Cervical vertebra
  4. ঘ
    Proximal and distal interphalengeal joint
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Joint involvement in order in osteoarthritis -
Knee joint > Lower lumber joint > Cervical vertebra > Proximal and distal interpharengeal joint
২,৮২১.
The cells of the epithelium are
  1. ক
    ক) Squamous
  2. খ
    খ) Columner
  3. গ
    গ) Cuboidal
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Pseudostratified
ব্যাখ্যা
Deep to the capsule the lens is covered on its anterior surface by a lens epithelium. The cells of the epithelium are cuboidal. However, towards the periphery of the lens the cells become progressively longer. Ultimately, they are converted into long fibres that form the substance of the lens.
২,৮২২.
HHV-8 is responsible for
  1. ক
    ক) Burkitt lymphoma
  2. খ
    খ) Kaposi sarcoma
  3. গ
    গ) Carcinoma of cervix
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Lymphoma
ব্যাখ্যা
HHV-8 is responsible for kaposi sarcoma
২,৮২৩.
The medial geniculate body of the thalamus transmits-
  1. ক
    Auditory fibres
  2. খ
    Optic tract
  3. গ
    Medial lemniscus
  4. ঘ
    Mammilothalamic tract
২,৮২৪.
Polyuria is defined as urine volume more than-
  1. ক
    1L/24hrs
  2. খ
    2L/24hrs
  3. গ
    3L/24hrs
  4. ঘ
    4L/24hrs
ব্যাখ্যা
Davidson P-567
২,৮২৫.
The concavity of the internal capsule is occupied by-
  1. ক
    Lentiform nucleus
  2. খ
    Thalamus
  3. গ
    Caudate nucleus
  4. ঘ
    External capsule
২,৮২৬.
Circle of Willis is formed by following except-
  1. ক
    ক) Basilar artery
  2. খ
    খ) Anterior and posterior communicating artery
  3. গ
    গ) Pontine artery
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Posterior cerebral artery
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference-BD Chourasia’s/7th/vol-4/p-173
২,৮২৭.
Defficiency of folate level is best assessed by which of the following invstigation?
  1. ক
    ক) RBC folate level
  2. খ
    খ) S.Ferritin
  3. গ
    গ) Plasma folate level
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Bone marrow folote level
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Red cell folate levels are a more accurate indicator of folate stores and tissue folate deficiency.
২,৮২৮.
Management in PTSD include
  1. ক
    stress management
  2. খ
    EMDR
  3. গ
    CBT
  4. ঘ
    All
ব্যাখ্যা
In the immediate aftermath of a significant trauma, the main aim is to provide support, direct advice and the opportunity for emotional catharsis (routine debriefing may actually be harmful).
In established PTSD, structured psychological approaches (CBT, eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) and stress management) are effective. Antidepressant drugs are moderately effective.
২,৮২৯.
Which of the following is the first-line treatment for hypertensive emergency?
  1. ক
    Labetalol
  2. খ
    Nifedipine
  3. গ
    Amlodipine
  4. ঘ
    Furosemide
ব্যাখ্যা
Labetalol, a combined alpha- and beta-blocker, is commonly used in hypertensive emergencies to rapidly lower blood pressure. Davidson explains that hypertensive emergencies require immediate reduction of blood pressure to prevent organ damage, and labetalol is effective due to its rapid onset and short half-life. Harrison emphasizes that intravenous administration is preferred in emergencies, and care must be taken to avoid an excessive drop in blood pressure.
২,৮৩০.
Accumulation of cholesterol occurs in
  1. ক
    ক) Asbestosis
  2. খ
    খ) Anthracosis
  3. গ
    গ) Alkaptonuria
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Xanthoma
ব্যাখ্যা
Accumulation of cholesterol occurs in xanthoma
২,৮৩১.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is concerned with-
  1. ক
    Protein synthesis
  2. খ
    Striated muscle contraction
  3. গ
    Post translational modification
  4. ঘ
    Destruction of defective proteins
ব্যাখ্যা
Functions of SER:
1. Synthesis of lipid: SER is the main site for synthesis of lipid
2. Carbohydrate metabolism
3. Synthesis of phospholipids
4. Detoxification of potentially harmful exogenous molecules such as alcohol & barbiturates in liver
5. Synthesis of steroid hormones
6. Synthesis & storage of cholesterol
7. Participate in contraction process in muscle cells (sarcoplasmic reticulum)

Functions of RER:
1. Protein synthesis: Site for translation (mRNA -> protein)
· Membrane associated proteins
· Proteins of membranous organelles
. Proteins to be secreted by exocytosis
2. Initial glycosylation of glycoprotein
3. Post-translational modification of protein
4. Assembly of multichain proteins
5. Checkpoint: RER destroys defective proteins
২,৮৩২.
What is serum?
  1. ক
    ক) Whole blood sample from which all cells are removed
  2. খ
    খ) Plasma from which fibrinogen and clotting factors are removed.
  3. গ
    গ) The portion of blood that is composed of RBCs
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Plasma from which only albumin and globulins are removed
ব্যাখ্যা
If whole blood is allowed to clot and the clot is removed the remaining fluid is called serum.
২,৮৩৩.
Urinary bladder cancer caused by-
  1. ক
    ক) Schistosoma haematobium infection
  2. খ
    খ) Gonococcal infection
  3. গ
    গ) Chlamydial infection
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Schistosoma mansoni
ব্যাখ্যা
S. Hematobium causes bladder cancer
২,৮৩৪.
What is the cavity the midbrain called?
  1. ক
    Third ventricle
  2. খ
    Fourth ventricle
  3. গ
    Cerebral aqueduct
  4. ঘ
    Lateral ventricle
২,৮৩৫.
Which diagnostic test is most specific for confirming pulmonary embolism?
  1. ক
    Chest X-ray
  2. খ
    D-dimer assay
  3. গ
    CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA)
  4. ঘ
    Arterial blood gas
ব্যাখ্যা
CTPA is the gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary embolism, directly visualizing thrombus in pulmonary arteries. D-dimer is sensitive but not specific, and chest X-ray and arterial blood gas are non-specific
২,৮৩৬.
Most common type of graft rejection?
  1. ক
    ক) Hyperacute rejection
  2. খ
    খ) Acute cellular rejection
  3. গ
    গ) Acute vascular rejection
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Chronic allograft failure
ব্যাখ্যা
Acute cellular rejection is the most common form of graft rejection.
২,৮৩৭.
Secondary TB mostly occurs due to
  1. ক
    ক) AIDS
  2. খ
    খ) Aging
  3. গ
    গ) Immaturity
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Malnourishment
ব্যাখ্যা

Secondary TB arises with reactivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
1. Reactivation is commonly due to AIDS; may also be seen with aging
2. Occurs at apex of lung (high oxygen tension)

২,৮৩৮.
X-ray finding of Osteoarthritis includes-
  1. ক
    ক) Vertebral fractures
  2. খ
    খ) Osteopenia
  3. গ
    গ) Joint space narrowing
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Bone expansion
২,৮৩৯.
Presence of positive benedict's test indicate that there might be a problem in
  1. ক
    ক) PCT
  2. খ
    খ) DCT
  3. গ
    গ) LOH
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) CD
ব্যাখ্যা
Benedict test is used to detect glucose which is reabsorbed in PCT.
২,৮৪০.
Increased vagal tone tends to increase
  1. ক
    ক) Heart rate
  2. খ
    খ) Decreased peristalsis
  3. গ
    গ) Diameter of blood vessel
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Secretion of HCl
ব্যাখ্যা

Effects of increased vagal tone
On CVS -
-Negative inotropism
-Negative chronotropism
-Decreases excitability
-Decreases conductivity
On GIT-
-increased secretion of GIT
-increased motility of GIT

২,৮৪১.
Staphylococcus aureus causes the following toxin mediated diseases
  1. ক
    ক) Scarlet fever
  2. খ
    খ) Gastroenteritis
  3. গ
    গ) Scalded skin syndrome
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Acute rheumatic fever
ব্যাখ্যা
Staphylococcus aureus causes Scalded skin syndrome
২,৮৪২.
Spider naevi in chronic liver disease are due to:
  1. ক
    Portal hypertension
  2. খ
    Hypoalbuminemia
  3. গ
    Vitamin deficiency
  4. ঘ
    Hyperestrogenism
ব্যাখ্যা
Chronic liver disease reduces hepatic clearance of estrogen, leading to features like spider naevi, gynecomastia, and palmar erythema.
২,৮৪৩.
All are contents of the spermatic cord, except-
  1. ক
    Pampiniform plexus
  2. খ
    Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
  3. গ
    Testicular artery
  4. ঘ
    Ilioinguinal nerve
২,৮৪৪.
Central cause of chest pain-
  1. ক
    Pulmonary infarct
  2. খ
    Pulmonary embolus
  3. গ
    Pneumonia
  4. ঘ
    Pneumothorax
২,৮৪৫.
Childhood tumor occurs in cerebellum -
  1. ক
    ক) medulloblastoma
  2. খ
    খ) astrocytoma
  3. গ
    গ) oligodoendroglioma
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Meningioma
ব্যাখ্যা
Medulloblastoma is childhood tumour in cerebellam
২,৮৪৬.
Angiotension II does not work on
  1. ক
    Adrenal medulla
  2. খ
    Adrenal cortex
  3. গ
    Brain
  4. ঘ
    Vessel
২,৮৪৭.
Gene is a part of
  1. ক
    ক) DNA
  2. খ
    খ) RNA
  3. গ
    গ) Chromosome
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Nucleus
২,৮৪৮.
Commonest site of subarachnoid haemorrhage
  1. ক
    ক) Anterior cerebral artery
  2. খ
    খ) Posterior communicating artery
  3. গ
    গ) Anterior communicating artery
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Posterior cerebral artery
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Davidson 23rd, Page: 1160
Explanation: most common site of SAH are Anterior communicating artery (30%)
২,৮৪৯.
Origin of vestibulocochlear nerve
  1. ক
    ক) Midbrain
  2. খ
    খ) Pons
  3. গ
    গ) Ponto medullary junction
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Medulla
ব্যাখ্যা
Vestibulocochlear nerve is originated from PM junction.
২,৮৫০.
A continuous machinery murmur is found in
  1. ক
    MR
  2. খ
    AS
  3. গ
    PDA
  4. ঘ
    TOF
ব্যাখ্যা
Continuous murmurs
These result from a combination of systolic and diastolic flow, such as occurs with a persistent ductus arteriosus, and must be distinguished from extracardiac noises such as bruits from arterial shunts, venous hums (high rates of venous flow in children) and pericardial friction rubs
২,৮৫১.
Echocardiography is commonly indicated for assessment of function of
  1. ক
    ক) RA
  2. খ
    খ) RV
  3. গ
    গ) LA
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) LV
২,৮৫২.
Which hormone has receptor on nucleus?
  1. ক
    Steroid hormone
  2. খ
    Thyroid
  3. গ
    Proteins & polypeptide
  4. ঘ
    Catecholamine
২,৮৫৩.
Hansen disease is caused by
  1. ক
    M lepre
  2. খ
    M TB
  3. গ
    Plasmodium
  4. ঘ
    Clostridium
ব্যাখ্যা
Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The disease affects the skin, the peripheral nerves, mucosal surfaces of the upper respiratory tract and the eyes.
২,৮৫৪.
The endometrium after implantation is called
  1. ক
    ক) Corpus luteum
  2. খ
    খ) Corpus albicans
  3. গ
    গ) Decidua
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Epiblast
২,৮৫৫.
Malignant tumour of urethrae -
  1. ক
    ক) Squamous cell papilloma
  2. খ
    খ) Transitional cell papilloma
  3. গ
    গ) Adenocarcinoma
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Urothelial carcinoma
ব্যাখ্যা
Urothelial carcinoma is malignant tumour of urethra
২,৮৫৬.
What is the way of message transmission in paracrine & autocrine communication?
  1. ক
    Directly from cell to cell
  2. খ
    Across synaptic cleft
  3. গ
    By diffusion in interstitial fluid
  4. ঘ
    By circulating body fluids
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Ganong 26th; Figure-2.21
২,৮৫৭.
Which is not DMARD -
  1. ক
    Methotrexate
  2. খ
    Sulfasalazine
  3. গ
    Rifampicine
  4. ঘ
    Hydroxychloroquine
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
The most common conventional DMARDs are methotrexate, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine, and leflunomide. Azathioprine and other drugs are used much less frequently. 
২,৮৫৮.
Which is a non-membrane bound cytoplasmic organelle?
  1. ক
    Endoplasmic reticulum
  2. খ
    Proteasome
  3. গ
    Endosome
  4. ঘ
    Peroxisome
২,৮৫৯.
Which is not a characteristics of ASCENDING AROUSAL SYSTEM?
  1. ক
    histaminergic
  2. খ
    monoaminergic
  3. গ
    cholinergic
  4. ঘ
    monosynaptic pathway
ব্যাখ্যা
ASCENDING AROUSAL SYSTEM
The ascending arousal system is a complex polysynaptic pathway comprised of monoaminergic, cholinergic, and histaminergic neurons that project to the intralaminar and reticular nuclei of the thalamus which, in turn, project diffusely to wide regions of the cortex including the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital cortices (Figure 14-3). Collaterals funnel into it not only from the long
২,৮৬০.
The main pancreatic duct is called-
  1. ক
    Duct of Santorini
  2. খ
    Stensen's duct
  3. গ
    Duct of Wirsung
  4. ঘ
    Wharton's duct
ব্যাখ্যা
Main pancreatic duct: Duct of Wirsung
Accessory pancreatic duct: Duct of Santorini 
Parotid duct: Stensen's duct
Submandibular duct: Wharton's duct 
২,৮৬১.
Renin is secreted from
  1. ক
    ক) Macula densa
  2. খ
    খ) Juxtaglomerular cell
  3. গ
    গ) mesangial cells
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Lacis cells
ব্যাখ্যা
JG cells secrets renin.
২,৮৬২.
Feature of lower motor neuron lesion include-
  1. ক
    Increased deep tendon reflexes
  2. খ
    Extensor plantar response
  3. গ
    Clonus
  4. ঘ
    Fasciculation
২,৮৬৩.
Trendenberg's sign is positive in injury to the-
  1. ক
    Inferior gluteal nerve
  2. খ
    Sciatic nerve
  3. গ
    Common peroneal nerve
  4. ঘ
    Superior gluteal nerve
২,৮৬৪.
Oncogenic bacteria
  1. ক
    ক) C. jejuni
  2. খ
    খ) H. pylori
  3. গ
    গ) B. anthracis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) B. coli
ব্যাখ্যা

Oncogenic microbes
 HTLV-1: adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma
 HPV: benign warts, cervical cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer
 EBV: Burkitt lymphomas, B-cell lymphomas in patients with T-cell immunosuppression
 Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus: hepatocellular carcinomas
 H. pylori: gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma

২,৮৬৫.
Which antidote is not a chelating agent?
  1. ক
    ক) Desferrioxamine
  2. খ
    খ) DMSA
  3. গ
    গ) Dicobalt edetate
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Methylthionium chloride
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Davidson 23rd; P-137
২,৮৬৬.
Tidal volume is
  1. ক
    the amount of air that normally moves into (or out of) the lungs with each respiration.
  2. খ
    the amount of air that enters the lungs but does not participate in gas exchange
  3. গ
    the amount of air expired after maximal expiratory effort.
  4. ঘ
    the amount of gas that can be moved into and out of the lungs in 1 min.
২,৮৬৭.
Feature of jugular venous pulsation-
  1. ক
    One peak per heart beat
  2. খ
    Rapid outward movement
  3. গ
    Palpable
  4. ঘ
    Rises with abdominal pressure
ব্যাখ্যা
MacLeod's Clinical Examination, Page 57
২,৮৬৮.
Which one of the following is the most common cause of sudden arrhythmic death?
  1. ক
    Mitral stenosis
  2. খ
    Congenital Heart disease
  3. গ
    Coronary artery disease
  4. ঘ
    Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
২,৮৬৯.
Treatment of trichomoniasis
  1. ক
    ক) Fluconazole
  2. খ
    খ) Metronidazole
  3. গ
    গ) Nitazoxanide
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Ciprofloxacin
২,৮৭০.
Organism causing nosochomial pneumonia most commonly -
  1. ক
    Streptococcus pneumoniae
  2. খ
    Klebsiella
  3. গ
    E.coli
  4. ঘ
    Pseudomonas
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Most common cause of community acquired pneumonia -
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Nosochomial / hospital acquired pneumonia -
E.coli
২,৮৭১.
Abetalipoproteinaemia is
  1. ক
    AR
  2. খ
    AD
  3. গ
    XLD
  4. ঘ
    XLR
২,৮৭২.
Pulmonary complications of obesity excludes
  1. ক
    ক) Exercise intolerance
  2. খ
    খ) Obstructive sleep apnoea
  3. গ
    গ) Asthma
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) COPD
২,৮৭৩.
Which is not signs of cushing syndrome -
  1. ক
    Moon face
  2. খ
    Buffalo hump
  3. গ
    Enopthalmos
  4. ঘ
    Hypertension
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
Common symptoms of Cushing syndrome -
Weight gain in the trunk, with thin arms and legs.
Weight gain in the face. ...
A fatty lump between the shoulders. ...
Pink or purple stretch marks on the stomach, hips, thighs, breasts and underarms.
Thin, frail skin that bruises easily.
Slow wound healing.
Acne.

Signs -
Moon face
Thinning of hair,hirsuitism
Mild exopthalmos
HTN
Buffalo hump
Pendulous abdomen
২,৮৭৪.
There are ______ type of Retinal bipolar cell
  1. ক
    2
  2. খ
    4
  3. গ
    6
  4. ঘ
    8
ব্যাখ্যা
There are two types of bipolar cells:
a) OFF-center bipolar cells and
b) ON-center bipolar cells.
These cells respond in opposite ways to the glutamate released by the photoreceptors because they express different types of glutamate receptors. Like photoreceptors, the bipolar cells do not fire action potential and only respond with graded postsynaptic potentials
২,৮৭৫.
Which antihypertensive is contraindicated in pregnancy ?
  1. ক
    Amlodipine
  2. খ
    Methyldopa
  3. গ
    Losartan
  4. ঘ
    Bisoprolol
ব্যাখ্যা
ACE inhibitor and ARB are contraindicated 

Davidson Box: 16.72
২,৮৭৬.
Which screening should be done prior to therapy with rituximab in NHL
  1. ক
    Hepatitis B and C testing
  2. খ
    LFT
  3. গ
    PT
  4. ঘ
    CBC
ব্যাখ্যা
Hepatitis B and C testing. This should be done prior to therapy with rituximab in NHL
২,৮৭৭.
The duration of Action potential of Skeletal muscle is............
  1. ক
    1 to 5 sec
  2. খ
    1 to 5 microsec
  3. গ
    1 to 5 milisec
  4. ঘ
    1 to 5 minutes
ব্যাখ্যা
1. The resting membrane potential is about -80 to -90 millivolts in skeletal fibers, about 10 to 20 millivolts more negative than in neurons.
2. The duration of the action potential is 1 to 5 milliseconds in skeletal muscle, about five times as long as in large myelinated nerves.
3. The velocity of conduction is 3 to 5 m/sec, about 1/13 the velocity of conduction in the large myelinated nerve fibers that excite skeletal muscle.
২,৮৭৮.
Inferior venacava passes through—
  1. ক
    ক) Muscular opening
  2. খ
    খ) Tendinous opening
  3. গ
    গ) Aponeurotic opening
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Osseoaponeurotic opening
ব্যাখ্যা
The inferior vena cava passes through the diaphragm at the vena caval foramen. This aperture is located in the central tendon at the level of T8.
২,৮৭৯.
The processes of astrocytes are united to those of other astrocytes through
  1. ক
    ক) Gap junctions
  2. খ
    খ) Tight junctions
  3. গ
    গ) Desmosomes
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Hemidesmosomes
ব্যাখ্যা
The processes of astrocytes are united to those of other astrocytes through gap junctions. Astrocytes communicate with one another through calcium channels. Such communication plays a role in regulation of synaptic activity and in the metabolisms of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators.
২,৮৮০.
Which drug can induce a rhythm in the EEG that is analogous to the classic alpha rhythm.
  1. ক
    Propofol
  2. খ
    alcohol
  3. গ
    barbiturates
  4. ঘ
    phenytoin
ব্যাখ্যা
Variations in the Alpha Rhythm
In humans, the frequency of the dominant EEG rhythm at rest varies with age. In infants, there is fast, beta-like activity, but the occipital rhythm is a slow 0.5-2-Hz pattern. During childhood this latter rhythm speeds up, and the adult alpha pattern gradually appears during adolescence. The frequency of the alpha rhythm is decreased by low blood glucose levels, low body temperature, low levels of adrenal glucocorticoid hormones, and high arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2). It is increased by the reverse conditions. Forced over-breathing to lower the PaCO2 is sometimes used clinically to bring out latent EEG abnormalities. The frequency and magnitude of the alpha rhythm is also decreased by metabolic and toxic encephalopathies including those due to hyponatremia and vitamin B12 deficiency.
The frequency of the alpha rhythm is reduced during acute intoxication with alcohol, amphetamines, barbiturates, phenytoin, and antipsychotics.

Propofol, a hypnotic/sedative drug, can induce a rhythm in the EEG that is analogous to the classic alpha rhythm.
২,৮৮১.
Blood film of megaloblastic anaemia
  1. ক
    ক) Target cells
  2. খ
    খ) Neutrophil hypersegmentation
  3. গ
    গ) Heinz bodies
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Basophilic stippling
ব্যাখ্যা
Ref: Davidson 23rd; P-944, box: 23.32
২,৮৮২.
Which of the following activities describes an isotonic muscle contraction?
  1. ক
    Upwards motion of biceps
  2. খ
    Downwards motion of biceps
  3. গ
    Pushing against a wall
  4. ঘ
    Answers ক and খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Isotonic Contractions
Isotonic contractions maintain constant tension in the muscle as the muscle changes length. This can occur only when a muscle’s maximal force of contraction exceeds the total load on the muscle. Isotonic muscle contractions can be either concentric (muscle shortens) or eccentric (muscle lengthens).

Isometric Contractions
In contrast to isotonic contractions, isometric contractions generate force without changing the length of the muscle . This is typical of muscles found in the hands and forearm: the muscles do not change length, and joints are not moved, so force for grip is sufficient. An example is when the muscles of the hand and forearm grip an object; the joints of the hand do not move, but muscles generate sufficient force to prevent the object from being dropped.
২,৮৮৩.
HCL is secreted from-
  1. ক
    ক) Chief cell
  2. খ
    খ) Oxyntic cell
  3. গ
    গ) G-cell
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Mucus neck cell
ব্যাখ্যা
HCl is secreted from parietal/oxyntic cell of stomach.
২,৮৮৪.
Narcolepsy associate gene is loacated in chromosome
  1. ক
    5
  2. খ
    6
  3. গ
    8
  4. ঘ
    9
২,৮৮৫.
Inability to recognize or detect any odor
  1. ক
    ক) Anosmia
  2. খ
    খ) Hyposmia
  3. গ
    গ) Hyperosmia
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Tenosmia
২,৮৮৬.
Which of the following is the muscarinic features of OPC poisoning?
  1. ক
    ক) Tachycardia
  2. খ
    খ) Hypertension
  3. গ
    গ) Bronchorrhoea
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Fasciculation
২,৮৮৭.
in which grade murmur can be heard without sthethoscope?
  1. ক
    3
  2. খ
    4
  3. গ
    5
  4. ঘ
    6
২,৮৮৮.
Functions of neocerebellum excludes
  1. ক
    ক) Control of ballistic movements
  2. খ
    খ) Comparator function
  3. গ
    গ) Receiving impulses from visual centers
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Servomechanism
২,৮৮৯.
Which one is neuroendocrine structure?
  1. ক
    Hypothalamus
  2. খ
    Adrenal cortex
  3. গ
    Pancreas
  4. ঘ
    Parathyroid
ব্যাখ্যা
Hypothalamus contains neurosecretory cells.
২,৮৯০.
Which plasmodium species causes relapse ?
  1. ক
    ক) Knowlesi
  2. খ
    খ) Ovale
  3. গ
    গ) Malaria
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Falciparum
ব্যাখ্যা
Relapses of P. vivax and P. ovale malaria can occur up to several years after the initial illness as a result of hypnozoites latent in the liver.
২,৮৯১.
Which is not a typical feature of Cauda equina syndrome?
  1. ক
    ক) Difficulty with micturition
  2. খ
    খ) Urinary incontinence
  3. গ
    গ) Saddle anaesthesia
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Gait disturbance
২,৮৯২.
Centroacinar cells are present in
  1. ক
    ক) Parotid gland
  2. খ
    খ) Pancreas
  3. গ
    গ) Sublingual gland
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Submandibular gland
২,৮৯৩.
The conducting system of the heart is made up of-
  1. ক
    Nervous tissue
  2. খ
    Endocardium
  3. গ
    Myocardium
  4. ঘ
    Epicardium
২,৮৯৪.
Thyroid hormone registance occurs in
  1. ক
    Atrophic hypothyroidism
  2. খ
    5 -monodeiodinase deficiency
  3. গ
    Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
  4. ঘ
    Subacute thyroiditis
২,৮৯৫.
Which one of the following can cause oedema due to increased capillary permeability?
  1. ক
    Nephrotic syndrome
  2. খ
    Liver failure
  3. গ
    Severe sepsis
  4. ঘ
    Malnutrition
২,৮৯৬.
Which of the following condition is indicated for emergency surgery in peptic ulcer disease?
  1. ক
    ক) Gastric outflow obstruction
  2. খ
    খ) Persistent ulceration despite adequate medical therapy
  3. গ
    গ) Haemorrhage
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Recurrent ulcer following gastric surgery
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Davidson 23rd Box 21.37
২,৮৯৭.
Which is not true regarding glial cells?
  1. ক
    Schwann cells electrically insulates PNS axons
  2. খ
    Astrocytes form blood brain barrier
  3. গ
    Oligodendrocytes have few processes
  4. ঘ
    Microglial cells are derived from neural crest
ব্যাখ্যা
*** Microglia are derived from blood monocytes (Bone marrow origin). 

২,৮৯৮.
Congenital immune deficiency related to B cell
  1. ক
    ক) SCID
  2. খ
    খ) DiGeorges syndrome
  3. গ
    গ) Cgronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Bruton’s agammaglobulinaemia
২,৮৯৯.
What is a common cause of chronic type 2 respiratory failure?
  1. ক
    Pulmonary embolism
  2. খ
    Pneumothorax
  3. গ
    Myopathies
  4. ঘ
    Interstitial lung disease
ব্যাখ্যা
chronic type 2 respiratory failure, marked by hypoxemia (PaO2 <60 mmHg) and hypercapnia (PaCO2 >45 mmHg), commonly results from COPD, ankylosing spondylitis, sleep apnoea, myopathies, muscular dystrophies. 
২,৯০০.
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction occurs in tuberculosis?
  1. ক
    ক) I
  2. খ
    খ) II
  3. গ
    গ) III
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) IV
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Delayed type of hypesensitivity.