স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য)

Explanations:
PCV decreases in:
• Anemia
• Cirrhosis of liver
• Pregnancy
• Hemorrhage due to ectopic pregnancy

Radiographic hallmarks are
 Joint effusions
 Juxta-articular osteopenia with erosions
 Narrowing of the joint space
 Loss of articular cartilage

Astrocytes form the structural framework for neurons and control their biochemical environment, their foot processes adjoining small blood vessels and forming the blood–brain barrier (Fig.28.1).

Oligodendrocytes are responsible for the formation and maintenance of the myelin sheath, which surrounds axons and is essential for maintaining the speed and consistency of action potential propagation along axons. Peripheral nerves have axons invested in myelin made by oligodendrocytes (Schwann cells).

Microglial cells derive from monocytes/macrophages and play a role in fighting infection and removing damaged cells.

Ependymal cells line the cerebral ventricles.

Explanation:
Pulse pressure
Is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure. Normal pulse pressure is 30 - 60 mm Hg (average 50 mm Hg).
Pulse pressure depends on three factors:
• Age
• Stroke volume
• Arterial elastic constant

Explanation : Type of Cells in Taste Bud
1. Type I cells or sustentacular cells
2. Type II cells
3. Type III cells
4. Type IV cells or basal cells.
Type I cells and type IV cells are supporting cells. Type III cells are the taste receptor cells. Function of type II cell is unknown.

Nail:
 Pale – anemia
 Bluish – cyanosis
 Brittle – koilonychia (Due to IDA)
 Leukonychia – CLD, NS, PEM
 Splinter hemorrhage – sub acute bacterial endocarditis
 Mees line – arsenic poisoning
 Onycholysis – psoriasis