বিষয়সমূহ

PrepBank · বিষয়ভিত্তিক প্রশ্ন

Simple Sentence

মোট প্রশ্ন৪৫৭এই পাতা৫২প্রতি পাতা১০০
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

Simple Sentence

PrepBank · পাতা / · ৪০১৪৫২ / ৪৫৭

৪০১.
The boy who is begging from door to door is an orphan. (Make it Simple)
  1. The boy was begging from door to door was an orphan.
  2. The boy was an orphan.
  3. The boy begging from door to door and is an orphan.
  4. The boy begging from door to door is an orphan. 
ব্যাখ্যা
• Subject + relative pronoun + principal verb যুক্ত Complex sentence কে Simple sentence করার নিয়ম:
- Complex: The boy who is begging from door to door is an orphan. 
- Simple: The boy begging from door to door is an orphan. 
- প্রথমে প্রদত্ত sentence টির Subject বসেছে।
- relative pronoun (who/ which/ that) উঠে যায়। 
- মূল verb এর present tense - beg এর সাথে ing যুক্ত হয়েছে।
- এরপর বাকী অংশ অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।

• এ জাতীয় আরোও একটি উদাহরন - 
- Complex: The doctor lived in a quarter that belonged to the hospital.
- Simple: The doctor lived in a quarter belonging to the hospital.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammer & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৪০২.
Choose the correct statement:
  1. ক) Being in haste, the door was left open.
  2. খ) Being in haste, he left the door open.
  3. গ) Being in haste, door was open.
  4. ঘ) Door was left open being in haste.
ব্যাখ্যা
Being in haste, he left the door open. The word ‘being’ work partially as a verb and partially as an adjective in this sentence. Hence, ‘being’ is the participle of this sentence, and its subject is the man, not the door.
৪০৩.
Which one is a simple sentence?
  1. ক) Do or die.
  2. খ) Choose only such friends as you can trust.
  3. গ) I made the man carry the load.
  4. ঘ) He will never return, for he passed away.
ব্যাখ্যা

Simple Sentence হচ্ছে যে বাক্যের মধ্যে কেবল একটা Clause থাকে। এখানে (গ) অপশনের বাক্যটা ছাড়া সবগুলোতে ২টা করে Clause আছে। গ-তে carry -verb টা হচ্ছে bare infinitive. এটা Finite Verb নয়।
তাই বাক্যটিতে একটাই Finite Verb (made) আছে, বিধায় বাক্যটিতে একটাই Clause আছে। আর এ জন্য বাক্যটি Simple. বাক্যের অর্থ- আমি লোকটাকে দিয়ে বোঝাটা বহন করালাম।
Do or die. = Compound Sentence
Choose only such friends as you can trust. = Complex Sentence
I made the man carry the load. = Simple Sentence
He will never return, for he passed away. = Compound Sentence

৪০৪.
He worked hard and prospered in life. (Make it simple)
  1. Because of working hard, he prospered in life.
  2. By working hard, he prospered in life.
  3. Working hard, he prospered in life.
  4. All of these
ব্যাখ্যা
• And যুক্ত compound sentence কে কয়েক ভাবে simple sentence এ পরিবর্তন করা যায় -

• Compound এ and দ্বারা দুটি কাজ যুক্ত থাকলে simple এর শুরুতে প্রথম  verb টি + ing হয়।
• অথবা Because of + verb + ing হয়।
• আবার, By + verb + ing বসিয়েও simple sentence এ পরিণত করা যায়।

যেমন - 
Compound sentence - 'He worked hard and prospered in life.
• Simple sentence: 
- Working hard, he prospered in life.
- Because of working hard, he prospered in life.
- By working hard, he prospered in life.
৪০৫.
He did not get a good job although he had qualifications. (Make it simple)
  1. Despite of having qualifications, he did not get a good job.
  2. In spite of having qualifications, he did not get a good job.
  3. In spite of being qualifications, he did not get a good job.
  4. Because of having qualifications, he did not get a good job.
ব্যাখ্যা
Though/ Although Clause- এ has/ have/ had থাকলে সে ক্ষেত্রে Complex Sentence কে Simple Sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Though/ Although এর পরিবর্তে Despite/ In Spite of বসে।
- Subject অনুসারে এর Possessive form বসে।
- has/ have/ had এর পরিবর্তে having বসে।
- প্রদত্ত Sentence এর বাকী অংশ বসবে।

Complex Sentence: He did not get a good job although he had qualifications.
Simple Sentence: In spite of having qualifications, he did not get a good job.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৪০৬.
I have no money that I can lend you. (Make it simple)
  1. Having no money, I can lend it to you.
  2. I having no money to lend you.
  3. I have no money to lend to you.
  4. I have no money to lend you.
ব্যাখ্যা
- উল্লেখিত প্রশ্ন I have no money that I can lend you. হচ্ছে complex sentence.

Complex:  I have no money that I can lend you.
Simple: I have no money to lend you.

- অর্থাৎ that যুক্ত complex sentence কে simple এ পরিণত করতে -
- that এর পরিবর্তে to বসে এবং একটি clause এ পরিণত হয়।
৪০৭.
When he was eighteen, he joined the army. [Simple]
  1. In eighteen age, he joined the army.
  2. As the age of eighteen, he joined the army.
  3. At eighteen, he joined the army.
  4. At the age of eighteen, he joined the army.
ব্যাখ্যা

Complex: When he was eighteen, he joined the army.
Simple: At the age of eighteen, he joined the army.

• When যুক্ত সময় নির্দেশক Complex Sentence কে Simple Sentence এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম: 
- When clause এ ছোট সময়/ বয়স/ ঋতুর উল্লেখ থাকলে, 
- When উঠে যায় + When এর পরে যে Subject ও Verb থাকে তা উঠে যায় + ছোট সময় বুঝালে at/in বসে, ঋতু থাকলে তার পূর্বে in বসে, বয়সের উল্লেখ থাকলে তার পূর্বে at the age of বসে + পরবর্তী clause অপরিবর্তিত থাকে। 

Examples: 
Complex Sentence: When it is spring, the cuckoo sings. 
Simple Sentence: In spring the cuckoo sings. 

Complex Sentence: When he was four, he left his village.
Simple Sentence: At the age of four, he left his village.

৪০৮.
Though he has worked hard, he did not pass the exam. (make it simple)
  1. Despite of he has worked hard, he did not pass the exam.
  2. In spite of his being worked hard, he did not pass the exam.
  3. In spite of his having worked hard, he did not pass the exam.
  4. Because of his having worked hard, he did not pass the exam.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Though/ Although Clause- এ has/ have/ had থাকলে সে ক্ষেত্রে Complex Sentence কে Simple Sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Though/ Although এর পরিবর্তে Despite/ In Spite of বসে।
- Subject অনুসারে এর Possessive form বসে।
- has/ have/ had এর পরিবর্তে having বসে।
- প্রদত্ত Sentence এর বাকী অংশ বসবে।

• Complex Sentence: Though he has worked hard, he did not pass the exam.
• Simple Sentence: In spite of his having worked hard, he did not pass the exam.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪০৯.
Javed is a boy who is good. (Simple)
  1. ক) Javed is being a good boy
  2. খ) Javed is not an ugly boy
  3. গ) Javed has been a good boy
  4. ঘ) Javed is a good boy
ব্যাখ্যা
• Javed is a boy who is good- এই sentence টি একটি Complex Sentence. 
• Subject + Relative Pronoun + Adjective যুক্ত Complex sentence কে Simple sentence এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম: 
- প্রথমে Subject বসে +
-relative pronoun (who/which/that) উঠে যায় +
- tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে +
- adjective টি বসে +
- বাকি অংশ বসে। 
 
• তাই সঠিক উত্তরটি হবে: Javed is a good boy. 
 
Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৪১০.
He was haughty and I rebuked him. (Make it simple)
  1. ক) Being haughty, I rebuked him.
  2. খ) Since he is haughty, I rebuked him.
  3. গ) As he was haughty, I rebuked him.
  4. ঘ) Because of his being haughty, I rebuked him.
ব্যাখ্যা

দুটি clause এর subject ভিন্ন হলে simple sentence এর জন্য পরিবর্তিত phrase এর গঠন হবে:
Preposition + Possessive form of subject + verb+ing/noun.
এখানে কারণ বুঝানোর জন্য preposition - because of হবে।
ঘ- সে উদ্ধত হওয়ার কারণে আমি তাকে তিরস্কার করলাম।

বাক্যের অর্থ বুঝতে সমস্যা না হলে শুধু verb+ing + Extension দিয়েও Simple করা যায়। কিন্তু এখানে being haughty (উদ্ধত হয়ে) দিলে অর্থটা বিকৃত হওয়ার সম্ভাবনা আছে। আমি না সে উদ্ধত Confusion
তৈরি হতে পারে।

৪১১.
I bought the car which was imported from Japan. (Make it simple)
  1. ক) I bought the car imported from Japan.
  2. খ) I bought the car and it imported from Japan.
  3. গ) The car was imported from Japan and I bought it.
  4. ঘ) I bought the car as it was imported from Japan.
ব্যাখ্যা
• সাধারণত নিয়ম অনুযায়ী-
Subject + relative pronoun + past participle complex sentence simple sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম-
(i) প্রথমে subject বসে + (ii) relative pronoun উঠে যায় + (III) auxiliary verb উঠে যায় +(iv) sentence এর বাকী অংশ বসে।

Note: অনেক সময় relative pronoun + past participle object এর পরে বসে।
- সেক্ষেত্রে নিয়মটি নিম্ন রূপ :

(i) Relative pronoun এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত বসে +
(II) Relative pronoun + auxiliary verb উঠে যায় + (iii) বাকী অংশ অপরিবর্তিত অবস্থায় বসে।

Complex: I bought the car which was imported from Japan.
Simple: I bought the car imported from Japan.
৪১২.
Which one is not a complex sentence? 
  1. ক) The man I met yesterday was a doctor.
  2. খ) The sun having set, we returned home.
  3. গ) He speaks as if he were king.
  4. ঘ) Green mangoes are sour if tasted.
ব্যাখ্যা
A complex sentence is a sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause (subordinate clause).

ক) I met yesterday এটা the man – Noun কে Modify করার কারণে Adjective Clause হয়েছে। তাই এখানে একটি Principal Clause (The man was a doctor.) এবং একটি Subordinate Clause (I met yesterday) আছে। তাই বাক্যটি Complex.

খ) এখানে having set – Finite Verb নয়, তাই বাক্যটিতে একটাই Clause (we returned home) আছে। তাই এটা Complex Sentence নয়। 

গ) এখানে as if he were king – ‍speaks -verb কে Modify করছে, বিধায় এটি Adverbial Clause হয়েছে। তাই এখানে একটি Principal Clause (He speaks) এবং একটি Subordinate Clause (as if he were king) আছে। তাই বাক্যটি Complex.

ঘ) এখানে If tasted একটি Adverbial Clause যার Subject ও Auxiliary Verb কে উহ্য রাখা হয়েছে। মূলত এটা ছিল If they are tasted. Clause টা ‍are – Verb কে Modify করছে। তাই এখানে একটি Principal Clause (Green mangoes are sour) এবং একটি Subordinate Clause (if tasted) আছে। তাই বাক্যটি Complex.
৪১৩.
Since the weather was very cold, there were no birds or animals in the snow-covered country. (make it simple)
  1. The weather being very cold, there were no birds or animals in the snow-covered country.
  2. The weather was very cold, there were no birds or animals in the snow-covered country.
  3. The weather has very cold, there were no birds or animals in the snow-covered country.
  4. Being very cold weather, there were no birds or animals in the snow-covered country.
ব্যাখ্যা
• দুটি clause এর subject ভিন্ন হলে এবং প্রথম clause টিতে am/ is/ are/ was/ were/ has/ have/ had থাকলে নিয়মটি হলো:
- Since/ as/ when সর্বদা উঠে যায়।
- প্রথম Clause-এ am/ is/ was/ were/ এর পরিবর্তে being বসে বা has/ have/ had এর পরিবর্তে having বসে। তাছাড়া প্রথম clause-টির আর পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- ২য় clause টি বসে।

Complex Sentence: Since the weather was very cold, there were no birds or animals in the snow-covered country.
Simple sentence: The weather being very cold, there were no birds or animals in the snow-covered country.  

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৪১৪.
Those who become tired may go to relax there. (Make it Simple)
  1. ক) Tired people may go to relax there.
  2. খ) Those become tired to go to relax there.
  3. গ) Those tired persons may go to relax there.
  4. ঘ) Those tired may go to relax there.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex এ Noun + who/ which/ that + be + Adjective থাকলে Simple এ Adjective + Noun বসে।
এখানে who এর আগে Pronoun আছে।
Adjective + Pronoun বসে না বিধায় অর্থের সাথে সঙ্গতি রেখে Noun হিসেবে Tired people যোগ করতে হয়েছে।
৪১৫.
He works hard to prosper in life. Which kind of sentence is this?
  1. Simple sentence
  2. Complex sentence
  3. Compound sentence
  4. Compound-Complex Sentences
ব্যাখ্যা
সঠিক উত্তর: ক) Simple sentence.

"He works hard to prosper in life."
- এটি একটি Simple Sentence, কারণ এতে একটি মাত্র মূল clause আছে এবং সেটির সাথে একটি infinitive phrase ("to prosper in life") যুক্ত হয়েছে, যা মূল verb-এর উদ্দেশ্য বা কারণ ব্যাখ্যা করছে।

• Simple Sentence: 
- একটি Simple Sentence এ শুধুমাত্র একটি clause থাকে অর্থাৎ একটি subject এবং একটি finite verb থাকে। 
- Simple sentence সাধারণত In spite of, Despite of, Because of, By, Infinitive/ in order to ইত্যাদি দিয়ে শুরু হয়।

---------------
• Complex sentence:
- যে sentence এ একটি Principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে।
- Complex sentence এর subordinate clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।

• Compound sentence:
- এ একের অধিক principal clause থাকে যাদেরকে co-ordinate clause বলা হয়।
- অর্থাৎ Compound sentence এ দুই বা ততোধিক principal clause বা co-ordinate clause থাকে।
- এছাড়া Compound sentence এ সাধারণত and, or, but, yet, so, therefore, otherwise, else, both --- and , either --- or , neither — nor, not only --- but also ইত্যাদি coordinating conjunction দ্বারা দুইটি principal clause যুক্ত থাকে।
-যেমন:
- The movie was really interesting, but it was quite long.

• Compound-Complex Sentences:
- A compound-complex sentence contains at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
- যেমন - Although it was raining heavily, they continued their hike, and they eventually reached the summit despite the challenging weather conditions.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S. M. Zakir Hussain.
৪১৬.
I read a book and it was very instructive. (Make it Simple)
  1. ক) I read a book very instructively.
  2. খ) I read a very instructive book.
  3. গ) Being very instructive, I read a book.
  4. ঘ) I read a book for its being very instructive.
ব্যাখ্যা
বাক্যের অর্থ : আমি একটা বই পড়েছিলাম আর এটা ছিল খুবই শিক্ষণীয়। 
and it is/was + (Adjective) / (Adverb + Adjective) থাকলে, Complex Sentence এ  (Adjective) / (Adverb + Adjective) টা Related Noun এর পূর্বে বসে। 
৪১৭.
He sacrificed everything for his sons but received nothing in return. (Make it simple)
  1. ক) In spite sacrificing everything for his sons, he received nothing in return.
  2. খ) Despite of sacrificing everything for his sons, he received nothing in return.
  3. গ) In spite of sacrificing everything for his sons, he received nothing in return.
  4. ঘ) Besides sacrificing everything for his sons, he received nothing in return.
ব্যাখ্যা
Compound Sentence এ but থাকলে Simple Sentence এ in spite of/ despite/ notwithstanding বসে।
(ক) তে in spite এর পর of নেই। (খ) তে despite এর পরে of এসেছে। তাই সঠিক উত্তর কেবল (গ)। 
অতএব, উপরোক্ত বাক্যটির simple form হবে: In spite of sacrificing everything for his sons, he received nothing in return.
৪১৮.
Jubaer not only left the party but also joined the opposition. (Make it simple)
  1. ক) In spite of leaving the party, Jubaer joined the opposition.
  2. খ) Beside leaving the party, Jubaer joined the opposition.
  3. গ) With leaving the party, Jubaer joined the opposition.
  4. ঘ) Besides leaving the party, Jubaer joined the opposition.
ব্যাখ্যা
বাক্যের অর্থ  : যোবায়ের কেবল দল ত্যাগ করেনি বরং প্রতিপক্ষ দলে যোগদানও করেছে।
not only ..... but also এর পরিবর্তে Simple Sentence এ besides (ছাড়াও) বসে। 
In spite of = সত্ত্বেও
Beside = পাশে
With = সাথে
৪১৯.
I am anxious to avoid the motorway at rush hour.
This is an example of-
  1. Complex sentence
  2. Simple sentence
  3. Compound-Complex sentence
  4. None of the above
ব্যাখ্যা
• I am anxious to avoid the motorway at rush hour.
- This is an example of - a simple sentence.

• Simple sentence
- A simple sentence consists of a single independent clause that expresses a complete thought.
- একটি simple sentence -এ শুধুমাত্র একটি clause থাকে অর্থাৎ, একটি subject এবং একটি finite verb থাকে।
- যেমন: I'm anxious to avoid the motorway at rush hour.
- এই বাক্যে, একটি subject (I) এবং একটি finite verb (am) রয়েছে, তাই এটি simple sentence.
- এখানে, to avoid হচ্ছে - Infinitive অর্থাৎ, Non-Finite verb.

• More examples:
1. He drinks coffee every morning.
2. I love reading books.

• অন্যদিকে,
• Complex sentence
- যে sentence -এ একটি Principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে।
- যেমন: I stayed home because it was raining.

• Compound sentence
- Compound sentence -এ দুই বা ততোধিক principal clause বা co-ordinate clause থাকে।
- যেমন: I like coffee, and she prefers tea.
৪২০.
He saved a scanty amount of money so that he could give his wife a nice gift. (make it simple)
  1. ক) He saved a scanty amount of money in order for giving his wife a nice gift.
  2. খ) He saved a scanty amount of money in order to giving his wife a nice gift.
  3. গ) He saved a scanty amount of money for giving his wife a nice gift.
  4. ঘ) He saved a scanty amount of money to give his wife a nice gift.
ব্যাখ্যা

Complex Sentence এ so that/ in order that থাকলে Simple করতে হলে to/ in order to + verb এর Base Form বসে। এ হিসেবে (ঘ) সঠিক।
ক- in order for এর ব্যবহার নেই।
খ- in order to এর পর Verb + ing হয় না।
গ- ভাবী কোনো উদ্দেশ্য বুঝানোর জন্য for ব্যবহৃত হয় না।

৪২১.
When the sun set, we returned home. (make it simple)
  1. Setting the sun, we returned home.
  2. We returned home and the sun set.
  3. At sunset, we returned home.
  4. Because of sunset, we returned home.
ব্যাখ্যা
When যুক্ত Complex Sentence কে Simple Sentence করার নিয়ম:
- When উঠে যায় এবং when এরপরের অংশে যে SubjectVerb থাকে টা উঠে যায়। 
- ছোট সময় বুঝালে at/ in বসে।
- ঋতু বুঝালে তার পূর্বে in বসে।
- বয়স বুঝালে at the age of বসে।
- Comma (,) এরপরের অংশ বসবে।

Complex: When the sun sunset, we returned home.
Simple: At sunset, we returned home.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৪২২.
Move or die. (make it simple)
  1. You shall move to die
  2. It you don't move, you will die.
  3. In case of your failure to move you will die.
  4. You will to move to die.
ব্যাখ্যা

• একটি simple sentence এ শুধুমাত্র একটি clause থাকে অর্থাৎ একটি subject এবং একটি finite verb থাকে।

এখানে অর্থের উপর ভিত্তি করে sentence টি কে simple করা হয়েছে
• Move or die. (Compound sentence)
- সরো না হয় মরো।
In case of your failure to move, you will die. (Simple sentence)
- সরতে ব্যর্থ হলে, তুমি মারা যাবে।

Or যুক্ত Compound sentence কে Simple sentence- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Without বসে।
- প্রথম বাক্যের মূল verb এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হবে।
- Verb এর পরের অংশ বসে।
- or এর পরিবর্তে Comma (,) বসে।
- ২য় senetnce টি বসে।

• Compound sentence: Move or die.
• Simple sentence: Without moving, you will die.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪২৩.
He is ill but he can run fast. [Simple]
  1. If his being ill, he can run fast.
  2. His being ill, he can run fast.
  3. Although being ill, he can run fast.
  4. In spite of his being ill, he can run fast.
ব্যাখ্যা

Compound: He is ill but he can run fast.
Simple: In spite of his being ill, he can run fast.

But যুক্ত Compound sentence কে Simple Sentence এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম-

- প্রথমে Inspite of বসে + প্রথম Sentence এর Subject এর Posssesive form বসেছে + প্রথম Sentence এর am/is/are/was/were এর পরিবর্তে being বসে বা has, have, had, এর পরিবর্তে having বসে বা প্রথম বাক্যের মূল verb এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয়+ but এর পরিবর্তে comma (,) বসে+ দ্বিতীয় Sentence টি বসে।

Compound: I ran fast but I could not get the train.
Simple: In spite of my running fast, I could not get the train.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৪২৪.
He worked hard so that he could flourish in life. (simple)
  1. He worked hard, flourish in life.
  2. He worked hard to flourish in life.
  3. He worked hard than flourish in life.
  4. He worked hard to be flourish in life.
ব্যাখ্যা
• So that যুক্ত complex কে simple করার নিয়ম:

- প্রদত্ত sentence এর প্রথম থেকে so এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত বসে,
- so থেকে many/might/can/could পর্যন্ত উঠে যায়,
- to বসে,
- প্রদত্ত sentence এর বাকি অংশ বসে।

Complex: He worked hard so that he could flourish in life.
Simple: He worked hard to flourish in life.

Source: Advanced Learners by Choudhury & Hossain.
৪২৫.
The bag is so heavy that I cannot lift it. (Make it simple.)
  1. The bag is so heavy for me to lift.
  2. The bag is heavy for me to lift.
  3. The bag is too heavy for me to lift.
  4. The bag is heavy, and I cannot lift it.
  5. None
ব্যাখ্যা

• So ___  that যুক্ত complex sentence কে, simple করার সময় নিম্নোক্ত structure প্রযোজ্য হয় -
- So এর স্থানে too বসে, that এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত আর কোন পরিবর্তন হোয় না।
- that থেকে not পর্যন্ত উঠে যায়। 
- to বসে এবং sentence এর বাকি অংশ বসে।

Complex Sentence: The bag is so heavy that I cannot lift it.
Simple Sentence: The bag is too heavy for me to lift.

৪২৬.
We reached home after the sun had set. The simple form of the sentence is-
  1. ক) The sun being set, we reached home.
  2. খ) The sun had set and we reached home.
  3. গ) The sun having set, we reached home.
  4. ঘ) We reached home after setting the sun
ব্যাখ্যা
• We reached home after the sun had set. The simple form of the sentence is - The sun having set, we reached home.

• একটি simple sentence এ শুধুমাত্র একটি clause থাকে অর্থাৎ একটি subject এবং একটি finite verb থাকে,
- একটি ঘটনা ঘটার পরে আরেকটি ঘটনা ঘটে থাকলে, এমন sentence কে simple করার সময়, যে কাজটি আগে ঘটেছে সেটির verb টি ing যুক্ত হয়ে Non-finite verb হয়ে যায়।

- The sun having set, we reached home - বাক্যে ‘had set’ verb টি ing যুক্ত হয়ে’ having set’ Non-finite verb (perfect participle) হয়েছে।
- বাক্যে একটিই clause আছে, আর ‘The sun having set ‘clause নয় এটি একটি participle phrase.
- reached এখানে finite verb.
৪২৭.
Change the following sentence into simple form: When John was four, he left his village.
  1. At the age of four, John left his village. 
  2. In four John left his village. 
  3. John was four and than he left his village. 
  4. At the age of four, John leave his village. 
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ When যুক্ত সময় নির্দেশক Complex Sentence কে Simple Sentence এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম: 

- When clause এ ছোট সময়/ বয়স/ ঋতুর উল্লেখ থাকলে, 
1) When উঠে যায় +
2) When এর পরে যে Subject ও Verb থাকে তা উঠে যায় +
3) ছোট সময় বুঝালে at/in বসে, ঋতু থাকলে তার পূর্বে in বসে, বয়সের উল্লেখ থাকলে তার পূর্বে at the age of বসে
4) পরবর্তী clause অপরিবর্তিত থাকে। 

Complex Sentence: When John was four, he left his village.
Simple Sentence: At the age of four, John left his village. 

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৪২৮.
They saved some money to buy a car. [Compound]
  1. They wants to buy a car so they saved some money.
  2. They wanted to buy a car and so therfore they saved some money.
  3. They wanted to buy a car, and so they saved some money.
  4. They wanted to buy a car, and therfore so they saved some money.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Simple sentence এ to অথবা in order to থাকলে Compound Sentence এ পরিণত করতে তিনটি কাজ করতে হয় -
- যথা-
- subject ঠিক থাকবে।
- ‘want to’ অতিরিক্ত যোগ হবে।
- simple sentence এর to এর পরের অংশ।
- ‘and so/therefore’’ Conjunction যোগ হবে।
- simple sentence এর to এর আগের অংশ।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে -
 
Simple: They saved some money to buy a car.
Compound: They wanted to buy a car, and so they saved some money.

Simple: She studies hard to pass the exam.
Compound: She wants to pass the exam and so she studies hard.

৪২৯.
Save money or you will face problems in the future. (Make it simple)
  1. Saving money, you will face problems in the future.
  2. Without saving money, you will face problems in the future.
  3. Without saving money and you will face problems in the future.
  4. By saving money and you will face problems in the future.
ব্যাখ্যা
Or যুক্ত Compound sentence কে Simple sentence- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Without বসে।
- প্রথম বাক্যের মূল verb এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হবে।
- Verb এর পরের অংশ বসে।
- or এর পরিবর্তে Comma (,) বসে।
- ২য় senetnce টি বসে।

Compound Sentence: Save money or you will face problems in the future.
Simple Sentence: Without saving money, you will face problems in the future.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৪৩০.
Though they have little time, they manage to complete their work. (simple)
  1. Despite their having little time, they manage to complete their works.
  2. Having little time, they manage to complete their works.
  3. Despite of their having little time, they manage to complete their work.
  4. In spite of their having little time, they manage to complete their work.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complex to simple:
যদি Though/Although clause এ has/have/had থাকে সেক্ষেত্রে নিচের নিয়মটি ব্যবহার করে simple এ পরিণত করতে হবে:

- Though/Although এর পরিবর্তে Despite/In spite of বসে।
-  subject এর possessive form বসে।
- has/have/had এর স্থানে having অথবা verb+ ing ব্যবহার হবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসে। 
- ২য় clause.

Complex: Though she has many friends, she often feels lonely.
Simple: In spite of her having many friends, she often feels lonely.

Complex: Though they have little time, they manage to complete their work.
Simple: In spite of their having little time, they manage to complete their work.
৪৩১.
When he was four, he left his village. (Make it simple)
  1. When in four, he left his village.
  2. At the age of four, he left his village.
  3. In four, he left his village.
  4. In the age of four, he left his village.
ব্যাখ্যা
When যুক্ত Complex Sentence কে Simple Sentence করার নিয়ম:
- When উঠে যায় এবং when এরপরের অংশে যে Subject ও Verb থাকে টা উঠে যায়। 
- ছোট সময় বুঝালে at/ in বসে।
- ঋতু বুঝালে তার পূর্বে in বসে।
- বয়স বুঝালে at the age of বসে।
- Comma (,) এরপরের অংশ বসবে।

Complex Sentence: When he was four, he left his village.
Simple Sentence: At the age of four, he left his village.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৪৩২.
Samia behaved like she was angry with me. (Make it Complex)
  1. ক) Samia behaves as if she is angry with me.
  2. খ) Samia behaved as if she was angry with me.
  3. গ) Samia had behaved as if she had been angry with me.
  4. ঘ) Samia behaved as if she had been angry with me.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Sentence Transformation এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
Simple: Subject + verb + like+ phrase doing sth.
Complex:  Subject + verb + as if/ as though + clause.

আবার, 
• As if / as though এর পূর্বে present indefinite tense থাকলে as if / as though এর পরে past indefinite হয়।
এবং be verb থাকলে সবসময় were হয়।
• As if / as though এর পূর্বে Past indefinite tense থাকলে as if / as though এর পরে past perfect হয়।

- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - Samia behaved as if she had been angry with me.
৪৩৩.
Which of the following is a simple sentence?
  1. ক) He is weak but is a hard worker.
  2. খ) Though he is weak, he works hard.
  3. গ) Despite being weak, he works hard.
  4. ঘ) He is weak and hard worker.
ব্যাখ্যা
একটি simple sentence এ শুধুমাত্র একটি clause থাকে অর্থাৎ একটি subject এবং একটি finite verb থাকে,
এছাড়া simple sentence এ সাধারণত In spite of, Despite, Because of ইত্যাদি থাকে।

এখানে In spite of being weak হচ্ছে phrase; clause নয়।
৪৩৪.
He is so honest that he cannot tell a lie. The simple form of the sentence is-
  1. He is too dishonest to tell a lie
  2. He is too honest to tell a lie
  3. He is too honest not to tell a lie
  4. He is so honest to tell a lie
ব্যাখ্যা

যেক্ষেত্রে complex sentence এ so + adjective + that + subject + cannot/could not + verb থাকে,
সেক্ষেত্রে simple sentence এ too + adjective + to + verb এর base form বসে।
এক্ষেত্রে sentence এর structure টি affirmative হলেও, বাক্যের অর্থ নেতিবাচক হয়।

৪৩৫.
When Rupom was four, he left his village. (Make it Simple)
  1. At the age of four, Rupom left his village.
  2. At Rupom was four, Rupom left his village.
  3. As Rupom was four, he left his village.
  4. In four, Rupom left his village.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complex to Simple:
 
• When যুক্ত সময় নির্দেশক Complex Sentence কে Simple Sentence এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
When clause এ ছোট সময়/ বয়স/ ঋতুর উল্লেখ থাকলে,
- When উঠে যায় +
- When এর পরে যে Subject ও Verb থাকে তা উঠে যায় +
- ছোট সময় বুঝালে at/in বসে, ঋতু থাকলে তার পূর্বে in বসে, বয়সের উল্লেখ থাকলে তার পূর্বে at the age of বসে পরবর্তী clause অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।

Complex Sentence: When Rupom was four, he left his village.
Simple Sentence: At the age of four, Rupom left his village.

Complex Sentence: When it is spring, the cuckoo sings.
Simple Sentence: In spring the cuckoo sings.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৪৩৬.
Without working hard, you cannot shine in life. (Make it complex)
  1. ক) In spite of working hard, you cannot shine in life.
  2. খ) Though you work hard, you cannot shine in life.
  3. গ) Unless you do not work hard, you cannot shine in life.
  4. ঘ) Unless you work hard, you cannot shine in life.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Without + verb + ing  যুক্ত simple sentence কে complex sentence এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে if clause/unless দিয়ে গঠন করতে হয়। 
- সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হচ্ছে গ) Unless you work hard, you cannot shine in life.
- Unless you do not work hard, you cannot shine in life. হবে না কারণ Unless এরপর আবার no শব্দটি বসেছে যা শুদ্ধ নয়; কারণ Unless নিজেই Negative, তাই এরপর আর কোনো negative শব্দ বসে না।
৪৩৭.
He gave me a dress which was expensive. (Simple)
  1. ক) He gave me a dress expensive
  2. খ) He gave me a dress and is was expensive
  3. গ) He gave me a expensive dress
  4. ঘ) He gave me an expensive dress
ব্যাখ্যা
- He gave me a dress which was expensive - ব্যাকটি একটি complex sentence. কারন এতে একটি principal clause এবং একটি subordinate clause আছে। -  - - - Simple sentence এ একটি মাত্র Finite verb থাকে।
- তাই সঠিক উত্তর হবে, He gave me an expensive dress.
৪৩৮.
Mukta is a physician who is proficient. (Make it simple)
  1. Mukta is a proficient physician.
  2. Mukta has been a proficient physician.
  3. Mukta is being a proficient physician.
  4. Mukta is a physician being not unproficient.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex Sentence: Mukta is a physician who is proficient.
Simple Sentence: Mukta is a proficient physician.

• প্রশ্ন প্রদত্ত sentence টি একটি Complex Sentence. 
• Subject + Relative Pronoun + Adjective যুক্ত Complex sentence কে Simple sentence এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম: 
- প্রথমে Subject বসে +
- relative pronoun (who/which/that) উঠে যায় + 
- tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে + 
- adjective টি বসে + 
- বাকি অংশ বসে।
৪৩৯.
He is very strong and can carry the load. (Make it simple)
  1. ক) He is too strong to carry the load.
  2. খ) He is so strong to carry the load.
  3. গ) He is enough strong to carry the load.
  4. ঘ) He is strong enough to carry the load.
ব্যাখ্যা
too .... to – Negative Sense প্রকাশ করে। ইতিবাচক কিছু বোঝোনোর জন্য enough + Noun + to অথবা Adjective + enough + to বসে।
যেহেতু এখানে Strong – Adjective আছে, তাই সঠিক উত্তর (ঘ)। 
৪৪০.
Change it into simple:
It is sure that climate change will have a significant impact on global agriculture.
  1. It is surely of being climate change will have a significant impact on global agriculture.
  2. Climate change will have a significant impact on global agriculture. for being sure.
  3. In spite of being climate change will have a significant impact on global agriculture.
  4. Surely, climate change will have a significant impact on global agriculture.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex Sentence: It is sure that climate change will have a significant impact on global agriculture.
Simple Sentence: Surely, climate change will have a significant impact on global agriculture.

Complex to simple: 
- Complex sentence এ 'it is sure' থাকলে Simple sentence এ 'it is sure' এর পরিবর্তে surely হবে।
- It is sure এর পরের relative pronoun টি বাদ যাবে, এরপরে বাকি sentence টি বসবে।

অন্য দিকে, 
- Complex sentence এ 'it is certain' থাকলে Simple sentence এ 'it is certain' এর পরিবর্তে certainly হবে।
- Complex sentence এ 'it is suddden' থাকলে Simple sentence এ 'it is sudden' এর পরিবর্তে suddenly হবে।
- Complex sentence এ 'it is clear' থাকলে Simple sentence এ 'it is clear' এর পরিবর্তে clearly হবে।
- Complex sentence এ 'it is definite' থাকলে Simple sentence এ 'it is definite' এর পরিবর্তে definitely হবে।

Example:
Complex Sentence: It is clear that the project is progressing well.
Simple Sentence: Clearly, the project is progressing well.

Complex Sentence: It was sudden that he lost his mobile.
Simple Sentence: Suddenly, he lost his mobile.

Complex Sentence: It is definite that the event will take place.
Simple Sentence: Definitely, the event will take place.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S. M. Zakir Hussain.
৪৪১.
As soon as he reached there, all the culprits fled away. (make it simple)
  1. ক) On reaching there, all the culprits fled away.
  2. খ) In his reaching there, all the culprits fled away.
  3. গ) At the time of his reaching there, all the culprits fled away.
  4. ঘ) On his reaching there, all the culprits fled away.
ব্যাখ্যা
as soon as থাকলে এর পরিবর্তে on বসে। উভয় Clause এর Subject ভিন্ন হলে On এর পর Subject এর Possessive Form + verb+ing বসে।
৪৪২.
If I had been proposed to go, I would never have gone to the house of such a wicked person. (make it simple)
  1. ক) In case of proposing, I would never have gone to the house of such a wicked person.
  2. খ) In case of having been proposed, I would never have gone to the house of such a wicked person.
  3. গ) In case been proposed, I would never have gone to the house of such a wicked person.
  4. ঘ) Having been proposed, I would never have gone to the house of such a wicked person.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex Sentence এ If থাকলে, Simple Sentence এ in case of (করলে/ হলে) অথবা by (করার দ্বারা/ করে) বসে। তারপর have/has/had থাকলে having বসে। বাকি অংশ যেভাবে ছিল, সেভাবে বসবে।

বাক্যের অর্থ : 
Complex: যদি আমাকে যাওয়ার জন্য প্রস্তাব দেয়া হতো, আমি কখনো এ রকম একজন দুষ্ট লোকের বাড়িতে যেতাম না।
Simple: আমাকে যাওয়ার জন্য প্রস্তাব দেয়া হলে, আমি কখনো এ রকম একজন দুষ্ট লোকের বাড়িতে যেতাম না।
৪৪৩.
The boy is very dull and so he cannot answer the question. (Make it simple)
  1. ক) The boy being very dull, cannot answer the question.
  2. খ) Because of being very dull, the boy cannot answer the question.
  3. গ) The boy is too dull to answer the question.
  4. ঘ) Being very dull the boy cannot answer the question.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Very ....... and/ and so দ্বারা যুক্ত compound sentence কে simple করার নিয়ম -
- প্রথমে প্রথম subject বসে + verb বসে
- এরপর too adjective to বসে।
- দ্বিতীয় subject টি উঠে যায় 
- এবং দ্বিতীয় subject  এর পর থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - The boy is too dull to answer the question.
৪৪৪.
‘I saw that she was dancing.’ (Simple)
  1. ক) I saw her to dance.
  2. খ) I saw her dancing.
  3. গ) I saw her being dancing.
  4. ঘ) I saw her dance
ব্যাখ্যা
Structure: Sub + saw + someone + verb + ing
৪৪৫.
None can receive any reward unless he works hard. (Make it Simple)
  1. ক) None can receive any reward if he does not work hard.
  2. খ) Without working hard, none can receive any reward.
  3. গ) By not working hard, none can receive any reward.
  4. ঘ) If not woking hard, none can receive any reward.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex sentence এ Conjunction হিসেবে unless/ if not থাকলে এবং উভয় Clause এ একই Sub থাকলে Simple sentence এ transform করার সময় without + verb + ing ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
সে অনুসারে - "Without working hard, none can achieve reward." সঠিক।
৪৪৬.
Change the sentence into a Simple Sentence:
Study regularly or you will fail the exams.
  1. Studying regularly, you will fail the exams.
  2. Without studying regularly, you will fail the exams.
  3. Study regularly and you will fail the exams.
  4. You will fail the exams and you will study regularly.
ব্যাখ্যা

Or যুক্ত Compound sentence কে Simple sentence- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Without বসে।
- প্রথম বাক্যের মূল verb এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হবে।
- Verb এর পরের অংশ বসে।
- or এর পরিবর্তে Comma (,) বসে।
- ২য় senetnce টি বসে।

Compound Sentence: Study regularly or you will fail the exams.
Simple Sentence: Without studying regularly, you will fail the exams.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪৪৭.
Though the man has many assets, he wants more. (make it simple)
  1. In spite of his having many assets, the man wants more.
  2. Despite of his having many assets, he wants more.
  3. In spite of his being many assets, he wants more.
  4. Because of his having many assets, he wants more.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Though/ Although Clause- এ has/ have/ had থাকলে সে ক্ষেত্রে Complex Sentence কে Simple Sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Though/ Although এর পরিবর্তে Despite/ Inspite of বসে।
- Subject অনুসারে এর Possessive form বসে।
- has/ have/ had এর পরিবর্তে having বসে।
- প্রদত্ত Sentence এর বাকী অংশ বসবে।

Complex Sentence: Though the man has much assets, he wants more.
Simple Sentence: In spite of his having much assets, he wants more.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৪৪৮.
Since the sky was very cloudy, there were no stars visible at night. (Make it simple)
  1. The sky being very cloudy, there were no stars visible at night.
  2. Because of the sky being very cloudy, there were no stars visible at night.
  3. As the sky was very cloudy, there were no stars visible at night.
  4. As since the sky was very cloudy, there were no stars visible at night.
ব্যাখ্যা
since/as/when যুক্ত Complex sentence এর দুটি clause এর subject ভিন্ন হলে এবং প্রথম clause টিতে am/is/are/was/were/has/have had থাকলে, বাক্যটিকে simple sentence এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম হচ্ছে -
- প্রথম clause এর am/is/are/was/were এর পরিবর্তে being বসে
- অথবা has/have had থাকলে having বসে
- এছাড়া প্রথম clause টির আর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- as/since/when উঠে যায়
- এরপর দ্বিতীয় clause টি বসে।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হচ্ছে -
Complex: Since the sky was very cloudy, there were no stars visible at night.
Simple: The sky being very cloudy, there were no stars visible at night.

• অন্যদিকে, 
• Since/as/when যুক্ত Complex sentence এর দুটি clause এর subject একই হলে এবং প্রথম clause টিতে am/is/are/was/were/has/have had থাকলে, বাক্যটিকে simple sentence এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম হচ্ছে -
- প্রথম clause এর as/since/when এর পরিবর্তে because of + সে clause এর subject এর possessive form + am/is/are/was/were এর পরিবর্তে being বসে
- অথবা has/have had থাকলে having বসে
- সে sentence এর বাকি অংশ বসে
- Comma বসে
- এরপর দ্বিতীয় clause টি বসে।Example:

Complex: Since he was weak, he could not work hard.
Simple: Because of his being small, he could not work hard.
৪৪৯.
Asif not only ate rice but also took tea. (make it simple)
  1. ক) Besides eating rice, Asif took tea.
  2. খ) Asif ate rice as well as took tea.
  3. গ) After eating rice, Asif took tea.
  4. ঘ) Asif took rice with tea.
ব্যাখ্যা
Not only ..... but also = কেবল এটাই নয় সেটাও।
এর পরিবর্তে Simple Sentence এ besides (ছাড়াও) বসে। 
তাই বাক্যটির সঠিক simple form হবে - Besides eating rice, he took tea.
৪৫০.
The South Pole is too cold for human beings to live in. It is a ______ sentence.
  1. ক) simple
  2. খ) compound
  3. গ) complex
  4. ঘ) gerund
ব্যাখ্যা
Simple sentence এ একটি মাত্র সমাপিকা ক্রিয়া থাকে।
৪৫১.
"Working hard, you can succeed." - what kind of sentence is this?
  1. Complex Sentence
  2. Compound Sentence
  3. Simple Sentence
  4. Working hard, you can succeed.
ব্যাখ্যা
Simple sentence is a sentence consisting of only one clause, with a single subject and predicate.

আলোচ্য বাক্যে একটিই clause আছে, আর ‘Working hard‘ clause নয়, এটি একটি phrase.
অতএব, বাক্যটি একটি simple sentence।

Working hard, you can succeed. - কঠোর পরিশ্রম করে তুমি সফল হতে পারবে।
৪৫২.
Since Kamal worked hard, I rewarded him. (Make it simple)
  1. ক) Though Kamal worked hard, I rewarded him.
  2. খ) Because of Kamal’s worked hard, I rewarded him.
  3. গ) I rewarded Kamal for his hard work.
  4. ঘ) I rewarded Kamal and he worked hard.
ব্যাখ্যা

Complex sentence কে Simple sentence এ রূপান্তরিত করতে if, which, since ইত্যাদি তুলে দিতে হয় এবং একটি clause এ পরিণত করতে হয়।
বাক্যগুলোর মধ্যে শুধু “I rewarded Kamal for his hard work” এ একটি মাত্র clause রয়েছে, তাই এটিই সঠিক Simple sentence.